The aim of this study was to evaluate the odor reduction in swine farms by the application of probiotics. A total of five farms were selected from the preliminary survey based on the management scale, odor gas concentration level, and production efficiency. The application of probiotics consisted of feeding swine high concentrations of probiotics, addition of odor-reducing agents in the slurry pit, and the spraying of swine houses. The concentration of probiotics given per pig per day was above 107 cfu/g. The odor was measured before and after probiotics application for 77 days in the swine farms. With the exception of E farm, the odor concentration decreased in four farms with probiotics application. Ammonia and amine concentrations were reduced by 48.24% and 45.37% on average, respectively. The main causes of odor were hydrogen sulfide, p-cresol, and butyric acid. The total odor activity value was the lowest in D farm, followed by B, A, E, and C farms, respectively in increasing order. In the case of C farm, hydrogen sulfide accounted for 92% of the total odor activity value. In order to verify the reliability and effectiveness of probiotics at the farm site, appropriate application and monitoring should be performed continuously on the basis of the product quality evaluation system.

This study was conducted to improve growth performance of Hanwoo heifer and to produce high quality of meat with dietary means during growing and early fattening period. Particularly, additional energy diet to relieve estrus stress was main purpose in this study. The results of in vitro rumen fermentation indicated that there was no negative effect by additional energy diet as treatments. In the feeding trial, twenty Hanwoo heifers(average 10 months age) were allocated and distributed into two treatments in randomized block design based on body weight. There were three growth stages such as growing, early fattening and late fattening periods in this feeding program, respectively. In growing stage, there were two treatments consisting of only total mixed ration(TMR) as a control and TMR with additional energy treatment. The experimental diets were fed twice a day, and water and mineral were freely accessed. In additional energy treatment, 500 g of concentrate diet was fed daily to relieve estrus stress due to obese with high energy intake. Not outstandingly differences were found across the treatments during entiretrial period. While, unexpectedly greater feed conversion ratio in treatment compared to the control was found during late fattening period. It seems that the blood cortisol decreased with addition energy supplementation compared with the control during trail period. Carcass characteristics including carcass weight, back fat thickness, marbling score, meat color, fat color, maturity and texture were not significantly different each other. Rib-eye area, however, was greater in the control compared to the treatment(p<0.05). In addition, it appears that yield index was tended to be greater in the control. In conclusion, it is suggested that additional energy supplementation to Hanwoo heifer could get a potential in improving meat quality and relieving estrus stress.

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and physico-chemical meat quality properties for Jeju-horse (Jeju-horse×Thoroughbred) with different fattening periods (4-, 8- and 13.5-month). In chemical composition, the moisture contents were decreased as the fattening periods increased. The fat contents were 3.78% at 4-months and they were decreased such as 70∼76% at 13.5-months whereas the protein contents increased as the fattening period increased. The cooking loss was highest (33.41%) at 4-months group and decreased after that periods, however, there was no significant difference among 3 fattening period groups. The Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) values were lowest at 4-months group and tended to increase as the fattening period increased. In mineral contents, the contents of Fe, Na, Zn were significantly higher for 4-month group than 8- and 13.5-month group whereas the contents of Mg were significantly lower for 4-month group than 8- and 13.5-month group (p＜0.05). The results of the amino acid composition analysis showed that cystein, methionine, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, lysine, histidine, arginine contents were significantly increased and tyrosine contents were significantly decreased as the fattening period increased (p<0.05). The contents of palmitic acid (C16:0) were highest at 4-month group and they decreased as the fattening period increased (p＜0.05). The contents of oleic acid (C18:ln9) were highest at 8-month group and they were lowest at 13.5-month group. The total contents of unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher for 13.5-month group than those for 4-month groups (p＜0.05). In conclusions, the fat contents were decreased whereas the protein, Fe, Mg contents and WHC increased as the fattening periods increased. Overall contents of amino acids increased only except several amino acids. The total contents of unsaturated fatty acids were increased as the fattening period increased, however they were not significantly different when those were fattened more than 8-month. These results indicated that longer fattening period could be more effective to enhance horse meat quality.

This study was carried out investigate the effects of dietary addition of mineral and sugar on the dry matter intake, daily gain, yield grade and quality grade of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Three diets fed to steers included a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw : C) and two treatments diet (control diet + black sugar 100 g + mineral 100 g : T1, and control diet + black sugar 150 g + mineral 50 g : T2). The results are summarized as follows; total feeding intake, body weight gain and daily gain did not show significant differences among the three treatments. Cold carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1). There was no significant difference in yield traits of back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and yield grade among the three treatments (C, T1 and T2). Marbling score showed significantly (p<0.05) higher in order of T2 (5.67) > T1 (4.67) > C (3.67). Meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were no significant difference. Quality grade was higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1), but there was no significant difference. The results show that marbling score and quality grade of Hanwoo can be increased by high dry matter intake with feeding addition of mineral and sugar.

본 연구는 섬유소분해 효소제를 공급수준에 따라 비육전기 및 비육후기 한우 거세우에 적용하였을 때 성장 및 도체성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험동물은 비육전기 및 비육후기 거세우로 각각 54두씩 총 108두를 대상으로 하였으며, 시험 개시 시 공시된 비육전기 및 후기 거세우의 평균체중은 각각 397.4±27.2(평균 17개월령), 525.2±47.4kg(23개월령) 이었다. 시험사료는 비육전기사료와 비육후기 사료를 구분하여 대조구 사료에 섬유소분해 효소제 0.05(E0.05, L0.05), 0.15% (E0.05, L0.15)를 첨가한 비육전기 및 비육후기 각각 3처리구에 각 처리당 6마리씩 3반복으로 완전임의배치하여 실시하였다. 비육후기 한우 거세우에서 농후사료 섭취량은 대조구와 L0.15구에서 L0.05와비교하여 증가하였으며, 총 건물섭취량 역시 동일한 결과를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 반면, 비육전기 및 후기 한우 거세우 모두 증체량 및 사료효율은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편 비육후기 거세우의 도체특성은 L0.05와 L0.15구에서 대조구와 비교하여 지방색이 유의하게 높은 것으로 조사되었다 (p<0.01). 등심조직의 지방산 분석은 대조구와 처리구는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결과적으로 본 시험에 사용된 섬유소 분해효소의 비육기 한우 거세우에 대한 첨가효과는 등심의 지방색이 짙어진 것을 제외하고 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 추후 볏짚 위주의 조사료 급여체계에서 효소제 첨가수준 및 효소역가에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.