While the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) aims to increase communication skills and intercultural exchange through its English education policy, university-level outcomes often fall short due to longstanding systemic and sociocultural challenges. This study addresses potential issues with the revised university-level MEXT English education policy by exploring how university teachers and students interpret the MEXT policy reforms in classroom contexts. A qualitative methodology was adopted using semi-structured interviews with four English learners and teachers, followed by thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The interview data indicated that national identity, linguistic anxiety, and power hierarchy in the classroom environment present challenges to English education. Participants also described teacher training as insufficient to support policy implementation. These accounts suggest that policy implementation may require greater attention to the sociocultural and institutional conditions experienced by teachers and learners.

본 연구는 본사와 해외 자회사 간 지식 격차를 감소시키고 기업 성과를 제고하는 데 기여하는 해 외 경영자의 역량을 분석하고, 이러한 역량의 효과가 국가에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 한국과 중 국 기업을 대상으로 비교·분석한다. 본 연구의 목적은 국가별 맥락에서 중요하게 작용하는 해외 경 영자의 역량을 규명함으로써, 본사와 자회사 간 지식 활용을 제고하고 실질적인 성과 개선 방안을 도출하는 데 있다. 선행연구 분석을 통해 해외 경영자의 핵심 역량을 의사소통 역량, 학습 역량, 문화적 개방성의 세 가지로 도출하였다. 의사소통 역량은 본사와 자회사 간 공동 비전 공유와 상호 이해를 촉진함으로 써 지식 격차 감소에 핵심적인 역할을 하며, 학습 역량은 필요한 지식을 선별·흡수·활용하는 과정을 통해 정보 비대칭을 완화하고 성과 향상에 기여한다. 문화적 개방성은 구성원 간 신뢰 형성과 태도 에 영향을 미쳐 지식 이전의 효율성을 높이는 역할을 수행한다. 한국과 중국에 진출한 다국적기업을 대상으로 한 비교 분석 결과, 한국에서는 세 가지 역량 모두 지식 격차 감소에 기여하였으나, 기업 성과에는 의사소통 역량과 학습 역량만이 직접적인 영향을 미치고 문화적 개방성은 간접적으로 작용하였다. 반면 중국에서는 의사소통 역량과 학습 역량이 지 식 격차 감소에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 세 가지 역량 모두 기업 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 보였 다. 또한 의사소통 및 학습 역량의 효과와 이들을 통한 간접 효과는 중국에서 더 강하게 나타난 반 면, 지식 격차 감소가 기업 성과로 이어지는 효과는 한국에서 더 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 해외 경영자의 기능적·인지적 역량과 태도적 역량의 중요성이 국가의 제도적·문화 적 맥락에 따라 상이하게 작동함을 보여주며, 지식 이전과 성과 창출의 메커니즘이 국가 환경에 의 해 구조화된다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구는 국가별로 적합한 해외 경영자 역량에 대한 이해를 제고 함으로써, 효과적인 역지식이전과 기업 성과 향상을 위한 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

This study explores gentrification beyond physical displacement and examines it as a new dimension of linguistic and informational inequality. Focusing on Seosulla-gil in Seoul, it compares the amount and accessibility of information in offline (storefront signs) and online (Instagram posts) linguistic landscapes. In the offline sphere, policy restrictions on signboard size have reduced information beyond store names, turning informational absence into aesthetic symbolism. Conversely, online platforms provide extensive contextual information— brand stories, philosophies, and community activities—creating an informational gap between the two spheres. However, this expansion presupposes digital access and excludes groups that lack digital literacy from fully engaging with such information. To mitigate this exclusion, this study proposes two complementary guarantees: the guarantee of digital accessibility, emphasizing institutional responsibility for digital literacy education, and the guarantee of informational accessibility, encouraging shop owners’ voluntary information disclosure and language policies based on the right to access information. Together, these dual guarantees suggest that the exclusion and marginalization caused by gentrification can be transformed into the restoration of publicity and inclusivity.

본 연구는 교육취약 학생의 교육격차 해소를 위한 학습·정서멘토링 프 로그램을 실시하고 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구참여자는 초·중학교 재학 중인 교육취약 학생으로 실험집단 51명과 비교집단 48명으로 선정 하였다. 학습·정서멘토링 프로그램은 멘토와 함께 주 1회 60분, 20회를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 학습·정서멘토링 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단의 학생들은 비참여 비교집단에 비해 학교적응, 학습동기, 자기효능감이 향 상되었으며 위축 및 우울·불안이 감소되었고 사전검사와 사후검사 점수 변화의 집단 간 차이가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으 로 교육취약 학생을 위한 학습·정서멘토링 프로그램의 확대 적용 필요성 과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

The air gap in a generator, defined as the space between the rotor and stator, is a critical factor that significantly influences electromagnetic induction and overall machine performance. The size and uniformity of the air gap affect magnetic flux distribution, electromotive force, losses, vibration, and noise characteristics. Any eccentricity or non-uniformity in the air gap can cause electromagnetic force imbalances, leading to increased mechanical vibrations and noise, which may reduce the machine’s lifespan. Therefore, optimal air gap design is essential for maximizing generation efficiency and ensuring durability. This requires precise control of the air gap dimensions and shape through detailed electromagnetic analysis and experimental validation. This study presents an electromagnetic force analysis conducted to optimize the air gap design of a 30 kW-class high-speed (15,000 rpm) AC generator. Based on both simulation results and experimental validation, the air gap was optimized to improve power generation efficiency and enhance product durability. As a result, a rational design and testing methodology for military AC generators is proposed.

본 연구는 AI 번역 시대에 기계번역에 대한 일반이용자와 전문번역사 의 인식 차이를 비교·분석하였다. 135명을 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과, 두 집단 모두 기계번역의 사용 용이성과 수용성에서는 대체로 긍정적인 태도를 보였다. 그러나 번역 품질과 관련된 평가에서는 뚜렷한 차이가 드러났다. 일반이용자는 기계번역 결과가 목적 달성에 충분히 유용하다 고 평가한 반면, 전문번역사는 문화적 감성 전달과 정확성·신뢰성 측면에 서 낮은 점수를 부여하였다. 또한 일반이용자는 학습·여가 등 일상적 맥 락에서, 전문번역사는 번역 아이디어 도출 및 포스트에디팅 등 업무 보 조 도구로 기계번역을 활용하였다. 본 연구는 기술수용모델(TAM)에 번 역학적 요소를 접목하여 사용자 중심의 비교 연구를 시도함으로써, 번역 교육 및 산업 정책에 실질적 시사점을 제공한다.

In the era of big data, where massive volumes of information are collected at high velocity from various sources, data mining has become a crucial tool for organizations seeking competitive advantage. Among its core tasks, clustering plays a key role in uncovering hidden patterns within unlabeled data by grouping similar objects into distinct clusters. Widely used methods such as k-means and its robust counterpart PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) require the number of clusters, k, to be predefined—a task that remains a major challenge despite extensive research. This study addresses the problem of selecting the optimal number of clusters by proposing three novel enhancements to the widely-used gap statistic method: the 1stDaccSEmax heuristic rule, the recursive gap strategy, and the two-way bootstrapping technique. Collectively termed the new gap, this approach aims to overcome the limitations of the original gap statistic, particularly in datasets with overlapping clusters, hierarchical structures, or large volumes. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets—including Iris, Breast Cancer, Seeds, and Khan gene expression datasets—demonstrate that the new gap method outperforms traditional techniques such as the elbow method, silhouette analysis, and the original gap statistic in both accuracy and computational efficiency. Although PAM was used throughout the experiments for its robustness, the proposed approach is algorithm-agnostic and can be integrated with other clustering methods that require the selection of k. The results suggest that the new gap method provides a more reliable and scalable solution for determining the number of clusters, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of clustering-based data analysis in real-world applications.

We investigated the effect of band gap engineering on the thermoelectric properties of n-type Cu0.008Bi2Te3 using the two-band (TB) model. The experimental measurements showed a zT of ~0.41 at 300 K and ~0.46 at 520 K, with an optical band gap of ~0.13 eV. While fixing the density-of-state effective mass (md *), deformation potential (Edef), lattice thermal conductivity (κl), and Fermi level based fitted based on experimental data, we varied the band gap (Eg) from 0.1 to 0.3 eV to analyze its impact on the thermoelectric performance. The TB model calculations revealed that the power factor (PF) increased and the thermal conductivity (κ) decreased with increasing Eg at both 300 K and 520 K, leading to an enhancement in zT. The magnitude of this enhancement was more pronounced at 520 K than at 300 K, which can be attributed to the suppressed bipolar effects at higher temperatures. Our findings suggest that increasing the band gap of Cu0.008Bi2Te3 can significantly improve its thermoelectric performance, to an estimated maximum zT of ~0.61 at 520 K for Eg = 0.3 eV. The theoretical maximum zT, considering the optimized hole concentration (nH), was estimated to be ~0.75. We demonstrate that Eg engineering of narrowbandgap semiconductor thermoelectric materials can significantly enhance thermoelectric performance.

An 8-month-old, neutered male, Korean short hair cat was referred for a closed locked jaw. Physical examination and computed tomography(CT) revealed an old trauma fracture with the absence of synovium at the left temporomandibular joint suggestive of left temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Gap arthroplasty successfully eliminated clinical signs, aided by the 3D printed model of the patient’s skull and piezosurgical unit. The major complication, temporal ipsilateral facial paralysis and reankylosis, were auspiciously managed through constant ocular lubrication and early rehabilitation.

본 연구는 21대 총선 당시 이슈 및 정치인 평가에 있어 젠더 격차가 존재했는지 여부와 우리나라 여성 유권자가 서구 국가의 여성 유권자와 같이 현대적 젠더 격차를 나타냈는지 아니면 전통적 젠더 격차에 머물고 있는지를 분석했다. 분석 결과 이슈 평가는 현대적 젠더 격차와 전통적 젠더 격차가 혼재하는 양상을 보였다. 국가보안법과 집회/시위 자유 이 슈에서는 여성 유권자가 남성 유권자보다 보수적 선호를 보여 전통적 젠 더 격차를 보였지만 여성할당제, 한미동맹, 교육 평준화 이슈에서는 여성 유권자가 남성 유권자보다 진보적 성향을 보이며 현대적 젠더 격차를 드 러냈다. 반면 정치인 평가에서는 우리나라 여성 유권자의 현대적 젠더 격차가 보다 선명하게 확인되었다. 당시 선거에서 여성 유권자는 남성 유권자와 비교해 진보적 성향의 정치인에게 호감을 나타냈을 뿐만 아니 라 진보적인 정치인 중 여성 유권자와 젠더가 동일한 여성 정치인에게 더 호감을 나타냈다.

Korea is facing a significant problem with historically low fertility rates, which is becoming a major social issue affecting the economy, labor force, and national security. This study analyzes the factors contributing to the regional gap in fertility rates and derives policy implications. The government and local authorities are implementing a range of policies to address the issue of low fertility. To establish an effective strategy, it is essential to identify the primary factors that contribute to regional disparities. This study identifies these factors and explores policy implications through machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence. The study also examines the influence of media and public opinion on childbirth in Korea by incorporating news and online community sentiment, as well as sentiment fear indices, as independent variables. To establish the relationship between regional fertility rates and factors, the study employs four machine learning models: multiple linear regression, XGBoost, Random Forest, and Support Vector Regression. Support Vector Regression, XGBoost, and Random Forest significantly outperform linear regression, highlighting the importance of machine learning models in explaining non-linear relationships with numerous variables. A factor analysis using SHAP is then conducted. The unemployment rate, Regional Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Women's Participation in Economic Activities, Number of Crimes Committed, Average Age of First Marriage, and Private Education Expenses significantly impact regional fertility rates. However, the degree of impact of the factors affecting fertility may vary by region, suggesting the need for policies tailored to the characteristics of each region, not just an overall ranking of factors.

PURPOSES : Basic research to calculate the appropriate gap acceptance for autonomous vehicles at merging section. Research on whether users prefer short or long gap acceptance. METHODS : Using a driving simulator, experience autonomous driving with different gap acceptance in different weather condition, and analyze which gap acceptance is preferred using survey and biometric data. RESULTS : Regardless of the weather condition, long gap acceptance was preferred, and difference was especially clear in rainy or foggy situation. CONCLUSIONS : It was analyzed that users prefer long gap acceptance over short gap acceptance, and that they feel less frustrated due to long gap acceptance when weather condition is poor.

While social media marketing opens a variety of new windows for enlightening brand–customer relationships, a gritty puzzle is that brand recognition does not invariably echo with customers’ perceived value. This provokes the need to uncover the missing pieces in bridging the gap between brand recognition and customer perceived value. This research falls within the innovative new work in the marketing literature in positing co-creation as a crucial mediator in facilitating the impact of brand recognition on customers’ perceived value. Based on social identity theory, we also investigated how co-creation is moderated by virtual communication identification in influencing customers’ perceived value towards a brand. We conducted a survey via a sample of 386 current Gogoro customers. Gogoro is the biggest and most well-known Taiwanese producer of electric scooters. Our findings contribute to the extant marketing research by emphasizing that the key stimulus of increased customer perceived value towards a brand is active co-creation initiatives via virtual brand communities, and that the effects of co-creation are further strengthened when customers’ virtual communication identification is high.

The attitude-behavior gap and intention-behavior gap has not been research extensively. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of moderating or mediating factors on the relationship between intention or attitude and behavior of sustainable tourism. Intention was defined as the degree of a human being’s resolve to perform a certain action. The construct ‘Intention” has been used widely in some theories like the Theory of Planned Behavior. Researchers usually include the intention construct into their research framework to explain the theoretical mechanism. Sustainable or ecological tourism education has been implemented for years and empirical evidence provides us that almost all tourists are alerted to the importance of sustainability. There is a great challenge that tourists’ behavior might not concur with their intention. Policymakers and marketers really want to know the real factors affecting the association between the intention and behavior of sustainable tourism. Tourists’ purchase intention is a rational process and is affected by safety. Tourist behavior is associated with price and service environment which is a mixture of rational and emotional considerations.