Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved cellular proteins that contribute to adaptive responses of organisms to a variety of stressors. In response to stressors, cellular levels of HSPs are increased and play critical roles in protein stability, folding and molecular trafficking. The mRNA expression pattern of two well-known heat shock protein transcripts, HSP70 and HSP90 were studied in two tissues of nerve ganglia, cerebral ganglion and pleuropedal ganglion of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). It was observed that both HSP70 and HSP90 transcripts were upregulated under heat stress in both ganglion tissues. Expression level of HSP70 was found higher than HSP90 in both ganglia whereas cerebral ganglion showed higher expression than pleuropedal ganglion. The HSP70 and HSP90 showed higher expression at Day-1 after exposed to heat stress, later decreased at Day-3 and Day-7 onwards. The present result suggested that HSP70 and HSP90 synthesize in nerve ganglion tissues and may provide efficient protection from stress.

The heat shock proteins (Hsps), one of the most highly conserved groups of proteins, play crucial roles in protecting cells against environmental stressors, such as temperature, salinity, heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria. The glutathione S-transferases (GST) have important role in detoxification of oxidative damage, environmental chemicals and environmental stress. The purpose of this study is to investigate the gene expression of Hsp70 and GST on change of temperature and salinity in Mytilus coruscus. The M. coruscus was cultured in incubator of separate temperature and salinity (8, 20, 30℃×20‰, 25‰, 30‰) for 28 days. Ten individuals in each group were selected after each 14 and 28 days exposure. Results that the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was no significant changed in M. coruscus exposed to temperature (8℃, 20℃, 30℃) and salinity (20‰, 25‰, 30‰) for 14 days. Whereas the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was increased in exposure to temperature 30℃ and salinity (20‰, 25‰, 30‰) for 28 days. The expression of GST mRNA was increased in exposure to temperature 30℃, salinity (25‰, 30‰) for 14 days and temperature (8℃, 20℃, 30℃), salinity (20‰, 25‰, 30‰) for 28 days. These results suggest that Hsp70 and GST were played roles in biomarker gene on the thermal and salinity stress.

Five heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) isoforms (hsc70-3, hsc70-4, hsc70-5, hsc70cb, hsp70Ab) of Apis mellifera were identified from Honeybee genome database. Specific primers for each isoform were designed for the quantitative realtime RT-PCR analysis, then analyzed transcript levels of the abdomen of adult workers (3-4 weeks old) in respond to heat shock and imidacloprid ingestion. Heat shock at 45°C for 1 h induced all 5 genes but highest in hsc70cb, hsp70Ab. Ingestion of imidacloprid pesticide did not change any hsp70 isoforms at 33°C but those bees also highly responsive to heat shock at 45°C. In addition, expression level of each hsp70 isoform was various and heat shock response of each isoform was tissue-specific. For example, hsc70-3 was highest in midgut, hsc70-4 was in hypopharyngeal gland, but hsp70Ab was in fat bodies. However, heat shock response of all 5 isoforms was the highest in the fat body than brain, hypopharyngeal gland, midgut, flight muscle and integument. Our results provide information for the understanding of complicated protective mechanism of honey bee against thermal stress.

This research was attempted to seek for a positive approach within the framework of physical therapy instead of the drug treatment in the past, with regard to the ischemic brain injury in the early stage. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to observe the change of HSP27 and HSP70, the genes that are expressed in the early stage of brain injury and to investigate the effects of needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES), upon applying NEES after ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply NEES to 27 SD-Pat rats with the particulars of being eight-week-old, male, around 300g, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 NEES group(n=9), L14 NEES group(n=9), no applied NEES global ischemia(GI) group(n=9), and then observe their changes of HSP27 and HSP70 at the time lapse of 6, 9 hr and 12 hr after ischemia, using immunohistochemistry methods. Upon observing through the immunohistochemistry method, it was noticed that there was a significant difference between the GV20 NEES group and the L14 NEES group as for HSP27 and there were significant differences among all groups as for HSP70(p<.05). Accordingly, it is supposed that the application of NEES after the outbreak of cerebral ischemia delay the apoptosis in the early ischemic part of forebrain or protect neurons against apoptosis.

A glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp78) gene, which is belongs to a heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70) subfamily, was cloned from Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Its full length cDNA was 2679 bp and contains a 1980 bp open reading frame. The translated amino acid sequence consists of 660 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 72,975 Da and an isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.27. It contains several highly conserved functional motifs of the Hsp70 family and, particularly, C-terminal motif of KDEL that is characteristic for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hsc70. Its deduced amino acid sequence shows a high identity (83-94%) with Hsc70s of other insects and grouped with Hsc70-3 among 5 Hsc70 members of Drosophila melanogaster. During development the grp78 transcript level was high in egg, feeding larval and adult stages but low in molting and wandering larval and pupal stages. Particularly its level was higher in the gut than integument and fat body of fifth instars. Furthermore its level was greatly decreased when fifth instar larvae were starved for 48 hrs but recovered at 3-6 hrs after re-fed diet. Our data suggests that grp78 is a member of hsc70 gene that belongs to ER and may have a role for energy metabolism at cellular level.

We examined the effects of cadmium exposure and various temperature stress on the expression of Pardosa astrigera heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). To do this, P. astrigera HSP70 gene was cloned and its sequence determined. Female spiders collected from non-contaminated region were exposed to 40mM CdCl2 for 2, 4 and 6 weeks by dietary uptake. At the end of every 2, 4 and 6 weeks of exposure, a batch of 5 spiders was collected and total RNA was extracted from each batch of whole bodies. Female spiders were also exposed to different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35℃) for 3h and RNA extracted likewise. Transcription profiles of HSP70 in response to cadmium and temperature were determined by quantitative real-time PCR using 18S rRNA as reference gene for data normalization. HSP70 transcription gradually increased during 2,4 and 6 weeks of exposure to cadmium. In particular, the expression level at 6-week exposure was 3.4-fold higher than that of untreated control. In the temperature response, an increased expression of HSP70 was also observed as temperature increased up to 30℃ and then slightly decreased at 35℃. The expression level at 30℃ was 2.3-fold higher than that of 25℃. Taken together, HSP70 gene appears to be up-regulated by general stress factors including cadmium exposure and temperature increase.

Ischemic stroke results from a transient or permanent reduction in cerebral blood flow that is restricted to the territory of a major brain artery. Thus, this study was performed to examine (1) the effects of swimming exercise on the improvement of muscle atrophy, and (2) exercise and HSP 70 expression in an ischemic stroke model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The results of this study were as follows: One week after ischemic stroke was induced, changes appeared in the muscle weight of the gastrocnemius muscle due to muscle atrophy in the affected side. Group II showed statistically significant difference from group III eight weeks after ischemic stroke was induced. (p<.05). One week and eight weeks after ischemic stroke was induced there was significant decrease in the relative muscle weight of the gastrocnemius muscle in each group except Group IV, while there was statistically significant increase in group II eight weeks after ischemic stroke was induced, compared to group III (p<.05). For neurologic exercise behavior tests, Group II generally had the highest score, compared to other groups. In immunohistochemical observations, Group II showed a decrease in HSP 70. The above results suggest that swimming exercise improved muscle atrophy, changed the HSP 70 expression of ischemic stroke in rats, and contributed to the improvement of exercise function.

본 연구는 돼지에서 스트레스 관련 HSP70 유전자의 다형성과 IVF 수정란의 배발달간의 관련성을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. HSP70-K1, -K3 및 -K4의 PCR 산물로부터 SSCP 다형성은 각각 다르게 확인되었다. 체외수정란의 분할율 시험에서 HSP70 K1-AA() 및 K1-AB() 난할율은 HSP70 K1-BB()보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 HSP70 K3-AA() and K3-AB()형도

Water temperature is one of the most important factors of fish survival, affecting the habitat, migration route, development, and reproduction. This experiment studied the induction level of heat shock protein (HSP70) mRNA and protein in a walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) primary hepatocyte culture based on different temperatures. Hepatocytes were attached at 7.5 °C for 24 hours. Hsp70 induction levels were then measured for 48 hours at 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 °C. The induction level was lowest at 5 °C and generally increased with temperature until 14 °C. The induction level was reduced at 17 °C, indicating that 14 °C is the highest tolerable temperature for hepatocytes. These data indicate that primary hepatocyte cell culture is under no stress at 5 and 8 °C. Temperatures greater than 11 °C induce stress, showing similar induction patterns in both mRNA and protein in hepatocytes. The results suggest that 14 °C is the maximum internal defense temperature of walleye pollock survival.

수온은 어류를 포함한 수중동물의 다양한 생물학적 사건에 영향을 미친다. 어류의 번식 및 발생도 수온의 변화와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 어류를 높은 수온에 노출시키면 HSP70 유전자 발현을 유도한다. 따라서, HSP70 유전자 발현을 효과적으로 차단할 수 있는 저해제의 개발은 온도에 민감한 생물학적 사건과 관련된 HSP70의 역할을 연구하는데 크게 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고온()에 노출된 틸라피아 자어와 치어(전장 10~13 cm)에서 천연 fla