The present study was designed to investigate the antiproliferative activity and molecular mechanisms of Bibimbap in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Bibimbap extract inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells by 50% at a concentration of 10.1±0.17 mg/mL for 48 h. The population of live cells decreased slightly, and the morphology changed with a reduction in cell volume (pyknosis) with Bibimbap. Treatment with 5 mg/mL of Bibimbap resulted in slight cell shrinkage. Furthermore, as the Bibimbap dose increased to 10 mg/mL, these characteristics were more evident, and HT-29 cells exhibited partial detachment by staining with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342. Flow cytometric analysis by Annexin V and PI double staining showed that Bibimbap increased the levels of apoptosis. Analysis of the mechanism of these events showed that Bibimbap-treated cells exhibited a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway through the modulation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and poly-ADP ribose polymerase, as well as Bax and Bcl-2 expression in dose- and time-dependent manners. Consequently, Bibimbap exerts a significant antiproliferative effect on HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.

In this study, the quality characteristics of kimchi, such as its salinity, pH, and acidity, were measured and compared, and the HT-29 human colon cancer cells were used to show the anticancer effects of kimchi. The kimchi samples used herein included standard kimchi (SK), turnip kimchi (TK), and turnip-powder-added kimchi (TPK). The measured pH and acidity of TK and TPK showed no significant differences with those of SK. Compared to SK and TK, TPK had higher DPPH scavenging activity and higher total flavonoid content, confirming its antioxidant activity. The cancer cell growth inhibition rates of TK and TPK were significantly higher than that of SK. In HT-29 cells treated with TPK, the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptosis-related gene, was lower, and the mRNA expressions of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bad, and caspase-9 were higher. TPK showed significantly higher levels of mRNA expressions for the cell-cycle-related genes p53 and p21 than the other samples, in addition to suppression effects on cancer cell proliferation. Compared to SK, TK and TPK suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells and showed higher anticancer effects. Therefore, it is shown that kimchi with added turnip powder had high anticancer effects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activity of fucoidan, a sulfur-containing polysaccharide, on cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the human HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line using cell viability, Flow cytometry, Western blot, and RT-PCR analyses. Fucoidan inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells by 39.6% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL for 72 h. The inhibition was dose-dependent and accompanied by apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed that fucoidan increased early apoptosis and late apoptosis by 65.84% and 72.09% at concentrations of 25 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Analysis of the mechanism of these events indicated that fucoidan-treated cells exhibited increases in the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and PARP in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that fucoidan may inhibit the growth of human colorectal cancer cells by various apoptosis-promoting effects, as well as by apoptosis itself.

Aloin [1,8-Dihydroxy-10-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3- (hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone]은 알로에에서 추출한 천연 안트라퀴논이다. 다양한 유형의 인간 암세포에서 항산화, 항암 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌지만 인간 대장암 세포 HT-29에서 aloin의 항암 효과는 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 aloin이 인간 대장암 HT-29 세포에서 세포 사멸 작용을 발휘할 수 있는 메커니즘을 조사하였다. Aloin 이 세포 생존율에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 대장암 세포 HT-29, 흑색종 세포 A375SM, 위암 세포 AGS를 aloin(0, 100, 200, 300 및 400 μM)으로 처리하였을 때, HT- 29에서는 농도 의존적으로 세포 생존율을 감소시켰고, A375SM과 AGS 세포에서는 암세포 생존율의 감소가 보이지 않았다. 이러한 HT-29에서의 세포 생존율 감소가 세포자멸사로 인한 감소인지 확인하기 위해 DAPI stain과 flow cytometry를 실시한 결과 apoptotic body가 유의적으로 증가하고 세포 자멸사가 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 aloin이 대장암 세포 HT- 29에서 세포 사멸 관련 단백질 발현 양상에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 western blotting을 실시하였다. Aloin은 Bax, PARP의 분절을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰고, caspase- 3, -8을 활성화시켰지만, Bcl-2는 대조군에 비해 변화가 없었다. Aloin에 의해 유도된 세포자멸사 기전을 확인하기 위해 MAPK pathway 중 p-p38과 p-ERK의 발현을 확인한 결과, p-p38을 up-regulation시키고 p-ERK의 downregulation을 유도했다. 따라서, aloin은 인간 대장암에서 암 세포 성장 억제 효과 및 암세포 사멸 유도로 암예방 약제로서의 개발 가능성이 있다고 사료된다.

The phytochemicals of many plants suggest their potential use as dietary supplements in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. In the present study, antitumor activity of Cudrania tricuspidata, a plant native to East Asia, was investigated. Cell growth inhibition of the extract on HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma using MTT colorimetric assay was determined. Apoptosis on HT-29 cells was performed by DNA fragmentation analysis. PGE2 release was measured by enzyme immunoassay, because PGE2 is a key protumorigenic prostanoid in many human cancers. For the ROS scavenging activity, ROS level was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope. It was found that methanol extract of leaves inhibits cell viability by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation. Stem bark decreases synthesis of PGE2, inflammatory mediator. Fruits exhibited pronounced ROS scavenging activity. Taken together, these results suggest that Cudrania tricuspidata exerts growth inhibition and anti-oxidation on HT-29 cells through apoptosis, ROS scavenging respectively that it may have anti-cancer properties.

Backgrounds : The action mechanisms of several chemopreventive agents derived from herbal medicine and edible plants have become attractive issues in cancer research. Tea is the most widely consumed beverage worldwide. It have been demonstrated that the active principles of tea sources such as flower extract Camellia sinensis (CSF) and Camellia japonica (CJF)were attributed to their tea polyphenols. We focused on investigating CSF, CJF, mixtures of CSF and CJF has been proven to suppress colonic tumorigenesis. Methods and Results : In this study, human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells were treated with CSF, CJF, mixture of CSF and CJF to examine the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of mixture of CSF and CJF (3 : 1), as well as the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. Cell viability assay, nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation, caspase assay, cytochrome c release, were utilized to dissect the signaling pathways. In mixture of CSF and CJF (3 : 1), CSF appeared most anticancer effect by both MTT assays and the cleavage analysis of apoptosis-related molecules and PARP. Interestingly, we found that CJF make it possible to express the apotosis inducing by CSF in a short time and apoptosis effect of CSF maintained sustainable. Conclusion : In summary, our results from this study suggest that in HT-29 human colon cancer cells (i) CSF treatment causes damage to mitochondria, and (ii) CJF contributed CSF induced apoptotic cell death mediates cytochrome C release, (ⅲ) mixture of CSF and CJF (3 : 1) the potential to function as a chemopreventive agent against colon cancer.