The power of semiconductor, Korea is continuously constructing semiconductor production line for keeping a front-runner status. however, studies and data about potential risks in semiconductor factory are still short. If fire does not initially suppressed, the fire causes a great damage. To decrease fire risk factors, in addition to fire fighting safety equipment, more important thing is how to design and construct fire protection system. The current fire protection codes about semiconductor factory come under functional law, and this law is short of consideration about particularity of factory. The existing prescriptive fire codes depending on experience compose without evident engineering verifications, thus equipments which is created by the current prescriptive fire code may bring about a variety of problems. For example, the design under the current regulation can not cope with the excessive investments, low efficiencies, and the diversifying construction designs and be applied to the quick changes of new technologies. Ergo, an optimal design for fire protection is to equip fire protection arrangements with condition and environment of production field. Manufacturing factory of semiconductors is a windowless airtight space. And for cleanliness, there exists strong flow of cooperation. Therefore, there is a need for fire safety design that meets the characteristic of a clean room. Accordingly, we are to derive smoke flow according to cooperation process within a clean room and construction plan of an optimal sensor system. In this study, in order to confirm the performance of proposed smoke-exhaust equipment and suggest efficient smoke exhaust device when there is a fire of 1MW of methane in the clean room of company H, we have implemented fire simulation using fluid dynamics computation.

In this report, we provide the focus on suggesting a method of estimating and measurement of CBM(Customer Behavior Model). Through the use of internet, a new trend of business for e-CRM on B2C Web Site known as EC has emerged. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the customers of a shopping mall and CBM characteristics. It can be used to gain a better understanding of customers. From this we can determine trends, and so refine business toward customer's needs and target new products to particular customer groups. Result shows that there is a significant relationship between the customers pattern of shopping mall and CBM, CVM(Customer Visit Model).

This research analyzes clean room major fire prevention standard of clean Room(FM, IRI, and NFPA Code), the structure of Performance-Based Fire Safety Design(PBD) applied the korean fire industry situation. Performance-Based Fire Safety can operate effectively the performance of fire protection equipment & building design, so the fitness of fire safety system can be embodied by operating this. moreover, cost to be consume fire safety of real building can reduce and Performance-Based Fire Safety is considered to important technique in fire protection field. A fire in a clean room may cause a serious loss by spreading smoke particles. We will be investigated by using a computational fluid dynamics, for loss prevention by smoke spreading from one fire area to another for clean room and compared the Performance-Based Fire Safety Design with the prescriptive code design. The methodology of fire safety performance-based fire safety design and guarantee of many kinds design skill of fire system and developing design procedure will be very serious one in order to improve efficiency of domestic system. Therefore, This research will be contributing to secure safety of clean room and to set up the performance-based fire safety design in Korea by regulation for the performance-based fire safety design effectively.

원전 구조물 및 기기의 내진설계를 위한 설계지진의 설정에는 결정론적 방법이나 확률론적 방법이 사용되어 왔다. 최근에는 확률론적 지진재해도 분석이 일반화 되면서 확률론적으로 설계지진 및 평가용 지진의 설정 방법이 합리적인 방법으로서 인식되어 많이 사용되고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 원전부지에 대한 확률론적 지진재해도 분석이 확률론적 지진위험도 평가의 일환으로 대부분 완료되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 확률론적 지진재해도의 재분해를 통하여 확률론적 시나리오 지진을 산정할 수 있는 기법을 확립하고 국내 원전 부지에 대한 확률론적 지진재해도 분석 결과를 이용하여 계산 예를 수행하였다. 이 기법을 사용하면 내진설계 및 내진안전성 평가에 활용할 수 있는 확률론적 시나리오 지진을 설정할 수 있어 매우 유용한 것으로 판단되며 합리적인 시나리오 지진의 산정을 위해서는 합리적인 지진구역도 및 감쇄식의 개발이 필요하다.

The objectives of this study is to achieved by the use of the conceptual approach and accident data bases to develop statistical accident analysis, effectiveness values, comparison analysis of statistical models to determine which variables are significantly related to accidents, human factor, and hazard factor analysis, all of which were used in the railroad crossing. The result from this approach applicable to the railroad crossing where systematic safety management criteria have been considered.

Korea market of food service industry has been increased greatly since early 90's with the emergence of professional catering business and the expansion of school food service. Because of the characteristics of food service establishment, feeding many people at a time, there is always a high potential of foodborne outbreak which requires special sanitary management to prevent. Currently, many catering businesses are interested in HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points), a new sanitary management system, and are trying to develop HACCP Plans for their food service establishment. Microbiological hazard analysis, a most important step for developing HACCP Plan, provides also basic information for evaluating sanitary aspect of prepared foods and their materials. There are not extensive data of microbiological hazard analysis for food service operations, especially for prepared foods and raw materials, which are helpful for developing a HACCP Plan. The extensive microbiological hazard analyses for 65 prepared foods and 51 raw materials selected from a couple of food service establishment were performed in this research. These results will provide useful information to determine hazards for developing a HACCP plan, and also to understand sanitary status for prepared foods and raw materials in food service establishment.

Hazard and operability Review(HAZOP) is widely used as a process safety analysis which systematically identifies potential process deviations and settles the problems. In this paper, we carried out a process hazard analysis using HAZOP in K chemical plant. As a result, we showed that the plant could be operated more safely and be saved a lot of money by eliminating several existing hazardous factors through the change of processes and designs.

Time-temperature relationship and microbiological quality were assessed and critical control points were identified through hazard analysis during the phases of production in two different packaged meals (Dosirak) manufacturing establishments (A, B:Kim Pab). Microbiological tests on foods, equipments and utensils were done according to standard procedures and included total plate count, coliforms and fecal coliforma. The results of the study are summarized as follows : time-temperature control management was needed because timetemperature abuse more than 8 hours at dangerous temperature zone (5-60℃) was observed from pre-preperation to distribution phase; Poor sanitary practices of employees were observed in hand washing and using disposable gloves; Microbiological analysis results of equipments and utensils showed possible cross-contamination risks when foods were contacted with them; Kim Pab needed thorough quality control because it included various mixed ingredients of cooked and uncooked and had many apportunities of cross-contamination either by equipments or hands through whole production processes.

A hazard analysis which included watching operations, measuring temperatures of foods throughout preparation and display, and sampling and testing for microorganisms of total plate counts and coliform bacteria was conducted in various phases of product flow of Naeng-myeun (Cold noodles) and Pi-bim bab (mixed rice) prepared at Korean restaurants. Large numbers of total plate counts were counted from the cooked foods after handling and holding. Ingestion of these foods must be considered high risk. Critical control points identified were, pre-preparation, food handling after cooking, and holding on display in product flow of Nang-Meon and pre-preparation, preparation, and holding on display in product flow of Pi-bim bab. It need for effective quality control of Nang-Meon and Pi-bim bab that training program consist of surveillance, education of the staff, standard operation procedures, forbidding dangerous processes and control of critical points.

A hazard analysis which included watching operations, measuring temperatures of foods throughout preparation and display, and sampling and testing for microorganisms of total plate counts and coliform bacteria was conducted in various phases of product flow of Korean soups (Galbitang, Sullungtang, Jangkuk) prepared at Korean restaurants. Cooked foods were sometimes held at room temperature long enough to permit multiplication of bacteria that might have been present. This was confirmed by the finding of large numbers of aerobic mesophilic colonies (106) in samples of such foods after handling and holding for several hours before served. These bacteria decreased down to 101~102 while the contaminated Tang were served. And internal temperature of Tang served was approximately 70℃. Critical control points identified were, pre-preparation, handling after cooking and holding on display. Guidelines were suggested for effective quality control of Tang (Korean soups) production. Handlers of these foods need to be informed of the hazards and appropriate preventive measures.

지진예측을 위한 확률론적퍼지모형을 제안하였다. 제안원 모형은 지진발생에 대하여 부작위성 (randomness) 과 퍼 지니스( fuzziness )를 같이 사용하여， 기존의 확률론에 근거한 지진예측방볍을 개선할 수 있도록 하였다. 이 연구의 설과는 (a) 주어진 초과확률에 대한 지반가속도 또는 주어진 지반가속도에 대한 초과확률의 멤벼쉽함수와 (b) 멤써 쉽함수릎 대표할 수 있는 특성값 (characteristic value) 이다. 확률론적퍼지모형을 띠 놔 Utah 주의 Wasatch Front Range 의 자료에 적용하여 서로 다른 연간초파확률， 최대지반가속도에 대하여 지진도른 작성하였다

Disasters that occur most frequently in rural areas are drought, flood, damages from wind and cold weather. Among these, damages from storm and flood and drought are the main disasters and recently, these are occurring on a large scale due to unusual weather conditions. Under such circumstances, projects and researches on disasters in rural areas are under way but they are mostly targeting one area or making approaches focusing on repair facilities, maintenance project of facilities in small streams, and disaster management, so there have not been enough studies on the current status of overall damaged facilities in the rural areas. Against this backdrop, through the analysis of the current status of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, this study aims to provide base data for policies needed for disaster recovery planning and maintenance work of rural areas. For the analysis of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, using the annual report on disasters issued by Ministry of Public Safety and Security and based on the occurrence rate of estimated damage in each city and district for the past 10 years(2004~2013), 8 areas with the highest number of occurrence and cost of damage were found from each province and target areas were selected. Then, regarding the selected target areas, the General Plan for Reducing Damages from Storm and Flood, which is the report on top-level plan for preventing disasters, was secured and the current status of damaged facilities were analyzed. After organizing the analysis of current status, the tendency of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, the items of damaged facilities depending on the types of storm and flood damages, and risk factors were suggested. Based on this result, in order to generalize the results of follow-up researches, it is thought that disaster recovery planning and establishing the system of remodeling items necessary for maintenance work would be possible by analyzing damage investigation items recorded in additional researches on rural areas, researches on natural disasters, and recovery plan instructions and by conducting on-site investigation on the damaged villages from storm and flood in rural areas.

지진시 사면구조물의 안정해석에 대한 연구와 사면에 대한 재해 위험도 평가와 관련된 연구는 지진의 발생빈도가 높은 나라들을 중심으로 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으나, 국내에서는 거의 이루어지지 않았으며 최근 국내 지진활동의 증가 및 주변 지역의 대규모 지진 발생 등에 자극 받아 이에 대한 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사면의 기하학적 특성을 고려하여 도출된 지진증폭계수를 활용하여 지진시 동적안전율 및 동적변위에 대한 GIS 기반 지진시 산사태 위험도를 작성하였다. 산사태 위험도를 작성하기 위하여 서울의 한 지역을 연구 대상 지역으로 설정하였으며, 산지 하단부에 위치한 7개의 시추공 자료를 통하여 획득한 지반 자료를 활용하여 지반정수를 추정하여 산사태 위험도를 작성하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 작성한 산사태 위험도는 지반정수의 추정치를 사용하였기 때문에 어느정도 불확실성을 내포하고 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산사태 위험도 작성시 동적안전율과 동적변위에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 점착력과 포화도 값을 변화시키며 산사태 위험도 작성 결과를 비교하였다. 본 연구에 따르면, 점착력이 감소할수록, 포화도가 증가할수록 정적안정성 및 동적안정성이 급격히 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며, 동적변위 또한 포화도가 증가할수록 크게 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 이와 같은 지반정수에 따른 산사태 위험도의 불확실성을 해결하기 위해서는 정확한 지반조사자료의 확보 및 지반정수에 따른 산사태 위험도 민감도 분석이 필수적으로 요구되어진다.

우리나라는 국토의 70 %가 산지로 구성되어 있고 토심이 얕은 지형이 많아 토사재해 발생 위험지역이 많이 분포되어 있다. 이에 급격한 강우가 발생하게 되면 토사재해 발생 확률은 급격하게 증가하게 된다. 특히, 인구 밀집도가 높은 도심지에 토사재해 발생을 대처하지 못해 인명피해와 재산피해가 증가하지만 토사재해를 관리하는 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 기존 토사재해 거동을 해석하는 수치모의 시뮬레이터는 주로 외국기술에 의존하여 국내지형에 적용하기에는 적합하지 못한 부분이 있다. 본 연구는 도심지 대상 토사재해 해석을 수행하기 위해 천수방정식을 활용한 동수역학 기반 방정식을 유도하여 흐름 해석을 수행하였다. 실제 토석류 흐름을 잘 반영하는 흐름조건을 찾기 위해 9개의 흐름저항관계식을 적용하여 모의를 수행하였다. 모의를 검증하기 위해 Ritter solution으로 해석한 정확해와 비교하여 이상유체 거동과 비슷한 경향을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. USGS에서 Iverson(1994-2012)이 수행한 토석류 수리모형 실험 결과 값과도 비교·검증하여 실제 토석류 흐름과 비슷하게 모의를 하는지 확인하였다. 또한 상용 프로그램과 개발된 시뮬레이션을 비교하기 위하여 토석류 해석을 하는데 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 FLO-2D 수치모의 프로그램과 USGS 토석류 실험과 비교·검증을 수행하였다. 차후 정수압 가정, Non-Newtonian 유변학 모형, 추가 유입 토사 등을 고려하여 개선할 예정에 있으며, 최종적으로 토석류의 이송, 퇴적 과정을 정확히 모의하여 도심지 내 토석류로 인한 토사재해의 거동과 규모를 예측하려고 한다.

According to recent meterological disasters, social awareness for safety of infrastructure is heightened by increasing natural disasters such as Fukushima accident, landslide of Umyeon mountain. Also scale of landslide is increased in Korea but safety review of dam is insufficient. In this study, we reviewed data(reservoir capacity, type of dam, danger map of korea forest service, satellite pictures, geologic map, etc.) and conducted site investigation whose the area is the most dangerous. Based on the results, we choose the most dangerous dam and analysis site close examination, slope stability analysis, scale of debris flow, etc. As a result, we will conduct measures establish on reinforcement and final evaluation of landslide's hazard.