This study aimed to investigate the influence of consumers' innovativeness, perceived benefits of home shopping mobile apps, and satisfaction with telephone orders on switching to and satisfaction with such apps (for those who have used these apps). This study also investigated the influence of the aforementioned factors on the intention to switch to home shopping mobile apps (for those who have not used these apps). Data were collected from 546 customers ranging in age from 18 to 59 with experience purchasing fashion goods from home shopping networks, and 502 of the questionnaires were used in the statistical analyses. Structure equation models were employed using AMOS 23.0. The results were as follows: for consumers experienced with home shopping mobile apps, their innovativeness and perceived benefits of such apps (convenience, usefulness) influenced their switching behavior. Additionally, consumers' innovativeness and perceived benefits of these apps (usefulness, accessibility, interactiveness) affected their satisfaction with the apps. For those not experienced with home shopping mobile apps, consumers' innovativeness and perceived benefits of the apps (interactiveness, security, enjoyment) influenced their intention to switch to these apps. These results indicate that different strategies should be developed for home shopping consumers experienced and inexperienced with these apps for the improvement of app satisfaction.

The aims of this study were to investigate usage status, menu preference, quality evaluation and satisfaction of homedelivered meal box for children from low-income families in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. A total of 320 children and their guardians who had received home-delivered meal boxes participated in 2015. A total of respondents (62.2%) were children and teenagers, and 37.8% were guardians. The 47.7% of children and 43.8% of guardians were using the home delivery service more than one year. Most of the children and guardians answered ‘eat almost’, ‘eat all meals’ served meal box, 75.3%, 81.8%, respectively. After receiving the meal box at home, 35.2% of children consumed meals within 1~2 hours, whereas 32.8% of the guardians were ate within 2~6 hours. It was founded that ‘throw away leftovers’ was the highest and followed ‘give it others’ in a way to treat leftovers. The results of preference survey on meats, seafood, showed that ‘chicken nugget’ (4.07) and ‘stir-fried fish cake with vegetable’ (3.63) were the highest points for children, whereas ‘grilled LA beef ribs’ (3.98) and ‘stir-fried anchovies’ (3.72) were the highest point for guardians. ‘Seasoned leaves marinated in soy sauce’ was the highest preference among vegetables and another dish for respondents. Frozen products were the most preferred types of meal boxes on the menu. In the quality evaluation of home-delivered meal box, although satisfaction with service and packaging of the meal box were high, the satisfaction of food quality was relatively low.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purchasing behavior and selection attributes for Home Meal Replacement (HMR) and to identify the selection attributes affecting purchasing frequency and purchasing costs of married women living in a city. Among 837 questionnaires distributed to HMR married women consumers, 752 complete questionnaires (89.8%) were analyzed. The younger married women group showed higher frequency of purchasing HMR than the older age group. The 20s and 30s age groups showed higher purchasing costs for HMR than the 40s and older age groups. A higher proportion of employed married women purchased HMR three or more times per week and spent an average of more than 20,000 won per purchase in comparison with unemployed married women. HMR selection attributes were classified into five factors: ‘taste and sanitation’, ‘economic efficiency’, ‘health and nutrition’, ‘convenience’, and ‘reliability and awareness’; mean scores of these factors’ importance levels were 4.28, 3.93, 3.59, 3.54, and 3.50 out of 5 points, respectively. The importance level of ‘taste and sanitation’ factor was significantly greater as married women’s age decreased. However, the importance level of ‘health and nutrition’ factor was significantly greater as married women’s age increased. The results of the logistic regression analyses indicate that the ‘taste and sanitation’ and ‘health and nutrition’ factors affected frequency of purchasing HMR. The ‘reliability and awareness’ factor had the most significant impact on cost per purchasing HMR. Therefore, a product differentiation strategy according to married women’s age and employment status should be applied. Product qualities and brand value should be improved to enhance competition in the HMR market.

In a context of unprecedented migration home reaches high relevance. This study aims at understanding the (re-)construction of home by first generation consumer migrants. The findings provide insights into consumers’ (re-)construction of various dimensions of home and identify “inner home” as a new dimension in the context of consumer migration.

This interpretive and longitudinal study investigates how a group of Chinese students consume global brands of American origins, in China and in the UK. More specifically, this research examines how meanings attached to global food brands travel abroad with consumers and investigates the relationship between brand consistency and brand meanings across national boundaries. Findings from a thematic analysis of longitudinal data collected through focus group interviews over a nine-month period, reveal that some brand meanings are context and culture specific (contextual meanings) while others meanings travel with consumers across borders (core meanings). Theoretically, this study shows how global brands provide a platform of structural meanings, ideas and practices that are global and globalising in themselves, allowing a degree of fluidity and adaptation in relation to the local context of consumption.

목적 : 본 연구는 클라이언트중심의 작업치료 적용이 치매특별등급 대상자의 활동참여에 미치는 영향을 알 아보고 치매특별등급 대상자를 위한 활동 중심형 프로그램의 모델을 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 치매특별등급을 받은 3명을 대상으로 수정된 바델 지수(Modified Barthel Index; MBI), 한국 형 도구적 일상생활활동측정(Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; K-IADL), 한국형 활 동분류카드(Korean Activity Card Sort; K-ACS)를 사용하여 일상생활 및 활동수준을 파악하였으며, 캐나다 작업수행측정(Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; COPM)을 통해 활동 및 중재 목 표를 설정하였다. 중재로 선택한 활동을 관찰 후 20단계로 단계화하고 대상자가 단계를 따라 수행하도 록 중재 프로그램을 구성하였다. 자료 분석은 중재 전･후의 대상자의 활동참여 수준, 중재 목표의 수행 도와 만족도를 비교하였으며 중재 기간 동안 활동 수행률의 변화는 그래프를 통한 시각적 분석을 통해 제시하였다. 결과 : 대상자의 활동 수준 점수가 증가되었으며 중재 활동의 과제수행률과 수행도 및 만족도가 향상되었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 제시한 클라이언트 중심 작업치료를 적용한 활동 중심 프로그램은 치매 특별등급 대상 자를 위한 작업치료의 실제적 모델을 제공하여 치매서비스 영역에서 작업치료 분야의 전문성 확보에 기 여할 수 있다.

Background: The Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach is recognized in the field of health promotion as a way to optimize intervention for promoting health by taking into account specific social, economical, and institutional situations of the community. However, the CBPR approach has not been applied in the field of community-based rehabilitation. Objects: This study was conducted to explore the self-perceived satisfaction of therapists and disabilities on the Short-term Intensive Home-based Rehabilitation (SIHR) program developed using the CBPR approach as well as determine the points that need improvement. Methods: This research was conducted through in-depth interviews. The SIHR program was developed, applied, and evaluated by both the researchers and four therapists on the basis of the CBPR approach. The SIHR program was administered to four disability for 1 hour a day, 2 or 3 times a week, for 8 weeks, and their self-rehabilitation was monitored once a week for 4 weeks. After all intervention periods, in-depth interviews were conducted by using a semi-structured questionnaire for the therapists and disability. Results: The therapists were satisfied with the contents of the SIHR program, such as behavioral change technique and goal-directed training. They were also satisfied with the process of developing the program through a community network. Disabilities were satisfied with the therapists’ persuasive and emotionally interactive way of delivering the SIHR program as well as the individually customized rehabilitation training and physical improvement. The short period (8 weeks) of the SIHR program was noted by both therapists and disabilities as the part that needs improvement. Conclusion: The SIHR program developed using the CBPR approach was feasible and satisfying to therapists and disabilities. However, a longer SIHR program should be developed. Community networks could help therapists effectively utilize community resources and thereby provide more rehabilitation program for persons with disability.

청둥오리와 흰뺨검둥오리는 대표적인 월동 수조류로 수계를 중심으로 넓은 농경지를 월동지로 이용한다. 중부지역에 위치한 만경강과 동진강에서 월동하는 청둥오리와 흰뺨검둥오리에 대하여 행동권과 월동지에서의 일일 이동거리를 파악하고자 한다. 2015년 월동기에 Cannon-net을 이용하여 포획된 청둥오리 5개체와 흰뺨검둥오리 5개체에 야생동물 위치추적기(WT-300)를 부착하였다. 일일 이동거리는 전체 평균 0.89㎞이었으며, 최대 31.09㎞이었다. 청둥오리의 일일 이동거리는 0.97㎞이었으며, 최대 28.78㎞이었다. 흰뺨검둥오리의 일일 이동거리는 0.80㎞이었으며 최대 33.39 ㎞이었다. 행동권 분석은 GIS용 SHP 파일과 ArcGIS 9.0 Animal Movement Extension을 이용하였으며, 최소볼록다각 형법(MCP)과 커널밀도측정법(Kernel Density Estimation : KDE)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 오리 2종의 행동권은 최소 볼록다각형법(MCP)에 의해 490.34㎢ (SD=311.20㎢ n=10)이었으며, 핵심서식지인 커널밀도측정법(KDE 50%)은 42.24㎢이었다. 청둥오리의 행동권(MCP)은 568.02㎢로 흰뺨검둥오리 행동권(MCP) 397.13㎢보다 비교적 넓었으며, 청둥오리의 핵심서식지(KDE 50%)는 53.05㎢로 흰뺨검둥오리의 핵심서식지(KDE 50%) 29.26㎢보다 비교적 넓었다.

우리나라에 도래하는 백로류는 9속 18종으로, 일부 종을 제외한 대부분의 종은 집단 번식하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 중 중대백로 Ardea alba는 집단번식을 하는 대표적인 백 로류로 3월부터 10월까지 국내에서 번식하고 중국 남부지 방, 동남아시아로 월동하기 위해 이동하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 국내 백로류 연구는 대부분 육안 관측을 통한 번식과 취식특성 등에 관한 연구이며, 구체적인 행동권 및 이동 특 성에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 국가적 이동 또한 Banding 등에 의해 확인된 사례이며, 구체적인 이동경로 및 특성은 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 야생동물위치추 적장치(WT-300)를 활용하여 중대백로의 국내 행동권과 서 식지 이용 특성, 국가간 이동경로를 확인하여 백로류 보호 관리에 필요한 기초자료를 확보하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 대전광역시에 위치한 백로류 집단번식지를 이 용하는 중대백로를 대상으로 실시하였으며, Cannon-net을 이용하여 포획 후 각각 개체에 고유번호(djdi1501, djdi1502) 를 부여하고 위치추적장치(WT-300)를 부착하여 포획장소 에서 방생하였다. GPS 좌표는 2시간 단위로 주간 7회(6시, 8시, 10시, 12시, 14시, 16시, 18시), 야간은 1회(24시)를 획득하여 아침 8시에 연구자에게 송신하도록 설정하였다. 이렇게 수신된 좌표는 ArcGIS 9.3을 이용하여 분석하였으 며, 최소볼록다각형법(Minimum Convex Polygon Method : MCP)과 커널밀도측정법(Kernel Density Estimation : KDE)를 활용해 행동권을 파악하였다. 중대백로의 서식지 이용은 환경부 토지피복도(2009년)의 유형을 4가지(농경 지, 산림(번식지 포함), 저수지, 하천)로 재분류하여 좌표지 점의 위치를 분석하여 유형별 이용현황을 파악하였다. 국가 간 이동은 국외지역으로 이동하는 시점을 기준으로 이동거 리 및 이동지역을 확인하였으며, 그 외 이동지역의 특성을 위성지도 등을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 djdi1501개체는 2015년 6월 5일부터 2015년 10월 14일까지 국내에서 132일 추적하였으며, 번식이 끝나 는 시점인 8월 6일부터 기존 서식지를 벗어나 논산시 지산 동으로 잠자리를 이동하였다. MCP에 의한 djdi1501개체 행동권은 전체 352.0km²이었으며, 대전백로번식지를 이용 한 행동권은 324.9km², 논산백로번식지를 이용한 행동권은 21.7km²로 나타났으며, KDE 90%일 때 225.8km² 였으며, 핵심서식지로 분류할 수 있는 50%의 경우 44.8km² 확인되 었다. 이를 번식지 및 잠자리를 기준으로 확인하였을 경우 대전번식지를 이용하였을 시 전체 행동권과 큰 차이가 없었 으며, 논산으로 잠자리를 이동한 시점에서는 매우 좁은 행 동권(KDE 90% 21.7km²)을 보였으며, 핵심서식지는 1.1km²였다. djdi1502개체는 2015년 8월 7일부터 2015년 10월4일까지 국내에서 59일간 추적하였으며 MCP에 의한 행동권은 24.8km²로 확인되었으며, KDE경우 djdi1501개 체와는 달리 대전 하천을 주 서식지로 활용(KDE 90%: 4.4km², 50%: 0.7km²)하였다. 중대백로의 전체 서식지 이용률은 저수지(37.8%), 하천 (30.2%), 산림(21.0%), 농경지(10.9%)순으로 나타났으며, 월별로는 6월에 산림(57.1%), 농경지(19.2%), 하천(15.4%), 저수지(8.3%), 7월에 농경지(51.3%), 산림(18.8%), 하천 (17.9%), 저수지(12.1%), 8월에 저수지(41.6%), 하천(36.3%), 산림(21.6%), 농경지(0.5%), 9월에 저수지(44.2%), 하천 (40.5%) 산림(13.8%), 농경지(1.5%), 10월에는 저수지 (77.6%), 하천(14.0%), 산림(7.7%), 농경지(0.7%) 순으로 나타났다. 중대백로는 번식기에 농경지에 대한 의존성이 높다가 시간이 지나면 점차 하천 및 저수지 이용이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 6월에 산림 이용률이 높은 것은 잠자리 및 번식지가 산림지역에 위치하므로 포란기인 6월에 산림 이용이 높은 것으로 추정된다. 국외이동은 djdi1501개체가 2015년 10월 14일 야간에 논산시에 위치한 탑정호에서 출발하여 2015년 10월 15일 691km를 이동해 중국 장쑤성 난퉁시에 도착하였으며 1,447km를 더 이동하여 홍콩에 도착하여 20일간 서식하였 다. 2015년 11월 6일에 추가로 438km이동하여 2015년 11 월7일에 중국 레이저우시에 도착하여 월동하였다. djdi1501 개체는 국내에서 총 2,576km를 이동하여 중국 레이저우시 까지 이동하여 월동하는 것으로 확인되었다. djdi1502개체 는 2015년 10월 4일 대전시 갑천에서 806km를 이동하여 2015년 10월 5일 중국 상하이 충밍현에 도착하였으며, 196km를 추가로 이동하여 중국 후저우시 더칭현에서 5일 간 서식하였다. 2015년 10월 11일 더칭현에서 771km이동 하여 2015년 10월 12일 중국 메이저우시 자오링현에서 13 일간 서식하고 2015년 10월 24일에 127km이동하여 2015 년 10월 25일에 메이저우시 펑순현에 도착 후 8일간 서식하 다 2015년 11월 01일에 1,413km를 이동하여 2015년 11월 2일에 베트남 푸옌성 뚜이호아 지역에 도착하여 28일간 월 동하였다. djdi1502개체는 국내에서 베트남까지 총 3,313km 를 이동하였으며, 2015년 11월 28일 베트남 민가에서 마지 막 신호 송신 후 두절되었다. 위치추적장치를 부착한 중대 백로 두 개체 모두 이동시기에 중국으로 이동하여 중간기착 지점으로 이용하다 점차 중국 남부지방 및 동남아시아로 이동하였으며, 중대백로의 일일 이동거리는 약 1,400km이 상이었다. 본 연구결과 중대백로는 주변환경에 따라 행동권의 편차 가 크며, 주요 월동지는 중국 남부와 베트남 등지로 확인되 었다. 다 수의 개체를 활용한 추가적인 연구가 필요하며, 특히 행동권의 경우 도심에 서식하는 중대백로를 대상으로 하였기 때문에 다양한 환경이 형성되어 있는 지역과의 비교 분석이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 국내에서 미흡 한 중대백로의 구체적인 행동권과 국가간 이동경로 분석을 최초로 시도한 것에 의의를 찾을 수 있으며, 표본수가 적어 보편화할 수 없기 때문에 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것 으로 사료된다.

In 1999, Professor Philip Nichols argued that FCPA-style home country laws are efficient in combating transnational bribery, unlike host country regulation and corporate selfregulation. Observing feeble results obtained in 15 years of OECD Anti-bribery Convention, we find arguments for amending this assertion; home countries, aside from enforcing their own laws banning foreign bribery, should reconsider the classical ways of fighting transnational corruption, by helping host governments in their anti-corruption efforts and by encouraging their own corporations to join international dialogic webs. After presenting an original analysis of the reasons behind the limited impact of FCPA-style action, we would then further argue for the two alternative solutions backed by home states, looking respectively at the spectacular results of the anti-corruption campaign in Romania with US support, and at China’s recent position that her corporations should adhere to international private standards on foreign bribery.

In this study we carry out usability evaluation for adjustable electric beds for home care that are used the most by the elderly, and examines dissatisfaction of users. In this sense, we performed an interview with stakeholders including bed users, developers and suppliers to develop usability evaluation contents. In addition, we carried out feasibility and reliability study over evaluation form through usability assessment, and developed usability evaluation indicator.

During periods where a fine dust watch was announced, we measured particulate matter by the light scattering method and the gravimetric method in accordance with the application of an air cleaner in 3 homes. The first investigation showed a lower indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration distribution than normal when there was a fine dust warning. Also, it was found that the result of the second research was similar to the first research, and was the effect of an air cleaner. The result of a comparison of black carbon (BC) concentration in accordance with an air cleaner at one room showed a lower concentration distribution than normal, as in the first and the second research when there was a fine dust warning. PM2.5 risk reduction effect showed 9.09E-5 (light scattering method) ~ 9.37E-5 (Gravimetric method) and 1.71E-4 (Light scattering method) ~ 1.76E-4 (Gravimetric method). Therefore, it was found that when there was a fine dust watch without ventilation, if air cleaner with the proper capacity is used and the influx of outside air reduced, the harmful effects of the fine dust can be lessened.

We isolated 105 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from home-made kimchi and breast milk-fed Korean infant feces on the basis of morphological analysis. This study aimed to compare the probiotic characteristics of selected strains of LAB including bile and acid tolerances, cholesterol assimilation and adhesion activity. Among the isolates of LAB, 54 isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (14 strains), L. brevis (12 strains), L. sakei (9 strains), L. acidophilus (3 strains), L. casei (1 strain), and L. fermentum (1 strain). Acid tolerances under artificial gastric juice, pH 2.5 for 2 h at 37°C, were significantly different among the Lactobacillus species. Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum strains exhibited high tolerance in acid and bile. Lactobacillus acidophilus strains exhibited high cholesterol assimilation activity and showed a significantly higher tolerance to 0.3% bile acid than other Lactobacillus strains (p<0.05). Based on these results, we selected the best strain, named NS1 (L. acidophilus) as a potential probiotics that can be utilized in the manufacturing of dairy foods and dietary supplements.

We isolated 105 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from home-made kimchi and breast milk-fed Korean infant feces on the basis of morphological analysis. This study aimed to compare the probiotic characteristics of selected strains of LAB including bile and acid tolerances, cholesterol assimilation and adhesion activity. Among the isolates of LAB, 54 isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (14 strains), L. brevis (12 strains), L. sakei (9 strains), L. acidophilus (3 strains), L. casei (1 strain), and L. fermentum (1 strain). Acid tolerances under artificial gastric juice, pH 2.5 for 2 h at 37°C, were significantly different among the Lactobacillus species. Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum strains exhibited high tolerance in acid and bile. Lactobacillus acidophilus strains exhibited high cholesterol assimilation activity and showed a significantly higher tolerance to 0.3% bile acid than other Lactobacillus strains (p<0.05). Based on these results, we selected the best strain, named NS1 (L. acidophilus) as a potential probiotics that can be utilized in the manufacturing of dairy foods and dietary supplements.

Objective : The aim of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Assessment of Home-based Activities (AHA), which can assess the elderly’s performance of daily activities at home in the three areas of independence, difficulty, and safety.Methods : A total of 360 elderly people aged 55 or older without physical disorders participated in this study. To verify the reliability and validity of AHA, the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were analyzed. Of them, we calculated the convergent validity, and the correlations between each activity of the AHA and Korean-Activities of Daily Living (K-ADL)and between each activity of the AHA and Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) were examined. In addition, to test the discriminant validity, the performance of daily activities between the group of general elderly and the group of elderly after a stroke was compared.Results : The internal consistency was within the range of .91 to .98 and the test-retest reliability showed a range of .78 to .86. The convergent validity showed that the correlations of all sets of two activities with similar names or features were statistically significant (p<.01). The discriminant validity showed that the general elderly people performed daily activities at a higher level than the elderly after suffering a stroke in all areas (p<.01).Conclusion : The AHA is a suitable instrument that can assess the performance of daily activities at home of elderly people, and is expected to be useful in implementing interventions of training for activities of daily living and home modifications in the field of rehabilitation.

Blanching and freezing of beef are important techniques used in developing frozen home meal replacement (HMR) products. These pre-thermal treatments minimize the deterioration of beef during storage. Beefs are washed, defatted, sliced (5.0×0.5×0.5 cm, fiber direction), and blanched by immersion in hot water for 2 min. Thereafter, the blanched beefs are spin-dried and frozen by individual quick freezing (IQF) method. Finally, the frozen beefs are packed using two methods: vacuum packages and air-containing packages. Packed beefs are stored at -12oC, -18oC, and -24oC for nine months. One in every three months, they are thawed in a microwave (400W). While thawing, vacuum-packed samples possess lower thawing loss than air-containing-packed ones. Compared to raw beef, blanched beef have a higher L* and lower a* value. However, less changes are observed after blanching the beefs as the enzymes get inactivated in the blanching process. Shear force of beef also increase through blanching. Moreover, vacuum-packed samples have maintained their hardness to a greater extent than the air-containing-packed samples. All the samples have met microbial safety standards. Thus, it is inferred that vacuum-packaging and -18oC storage temperatures are the best condition for maintaining beef that is later developed into HMR product.

The present study aimed to figure out current situation and consumer perception on the advertising of functional climbing wear in Korea. Advertising is about showing consumers how products meet their needs. In case of functional clothing, the most basic need of consumer should be a functional need (Lee, 2014;Shimp, 2010). However, research on advertisement of functional clothing, especially focused on the functional information, has not carried out in Korea. Recently research by Liu and Yoo (2014) investigated changing patterns of magazine advertising of functional climbing wear from 2008 to 2013. It is found that advertisements of professional climbing wear had been changed like fashion apparel ads in terms of functional information, celebrity model dependence, and appeal type (Liu&Yoo,2014). On 2013, over 70% of functional climbing wear ads did not provide any functional information and percentage of celebrity model dependence was dramatically increased from 1.48%to35.30%. In this study, 388 adults in their 20-50’s were surveyed in order to figure out general satisfaction on advertisements of functional climbing wear. The survey consisted of eight questions including satisfaction with reliability, communicability, type of expression, model, and contents of functional climbing wear advertisement. For analysis of characteristics of respondents, years of climbing experience, frequency of climbing, average expenses per single purchase, and frequently exposed advertising media types were asked as well as demographic characteristics. Most of respondents (83.85%) were in their 30-50’s and had 3-5 years climbing experience (29.50%).Frequency of climbing was ‘once every two months’ (35.70%) and ‘1~2 times every month’ (25.26%), and the most frequent average expenses per single purchase was ‘100~300 thousand won’ (65.25%). Frequently exposed advertising media types were TV commercials (33.60%), magazine (23.10%), and internet (9.50%). Purchase frequency was ‘once every two tears’ (31.14%), ‘3~4 times in a year’ (29.11%), ‘1~2 times in a year’ (25.06%). Results showed respondents want ‘more precise information for better understanding of performance of functional climbing wears’ (4.22point out of 5.00). Significant differences in ‘advertisement of functional climbing wear is reliable’ were observed across age and gender; male rather than female group and ages 30 are than other age groups showed higher average value. Age 40’s significantly more wanted to be informed precise information via advertisement and preferred celebrity model than other age groups. Overall, ages 20-30’s were more satisfied with the advertisement of functional climbing wear than age 50’s. The results from this study could provide practical insights to establish guidelines for providing product information in the functional clothing industry.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship that exists between salesperson appearance and consumer behavior in the context of in-home product demonstration parties. Researchers (Kim, Ju, & Johnson, 2009; Klassen, Clayson, & Jasper, 1996) have found that the way in which a salesperson dresses has an impact on consumers’ perceptions of the store’s image. Furthermore, consumers intend to purchase more from salespeople who are dressed formally than those dressed informally (Shao, Baker, and Wagner, 2004). Additionally, Cho (2001) suggested that consumers tend to be more satisfied with salespeople who are dressed in a manner (i.e., formal, informal) that is comparable to the way they would dress. Extrapolating from research based in bricks-and-mortar stores, it seems likely that in-home product demonstrators’ appearance would have a similar impact on both consumers’ perceptions of their companies’ image and purchase intentions. To examine these relationships, 155 U.S. female consumers completed an online survey. Participants were first asked to look at one of four randomly assigned photographs of an in-home product demonstrator who was dressed either formally or informally and respond to items designed to measure their perceptions of the business’ image and their purchase intentions (Klassen, Clayson, & Jasper, 1996). Then participants viewed all four photographs and were asked to indicate which of these outfits looked the most similar to one that they would wear if they were going to host a party at their home and attend a party at someone else’s home. A series of t-tests revealed that consumers perceive the in-home product demonstrator’s business’ image to be more positive and express greater purchase intentions when the salesperson is dressed more formally than when she is dressed less formally. Additionally, when similarity exists between the way in which the in-home product demonstrator is dressed and the way in which consumers would dress to host or attend a party, both impressions of the business and purchase intentions are greater than when dissimilarity exists. The results of this investigation may assist non-store retail salespeople. Information gleaned from this study could help these entrepreneurs achieve their goals by using appearance management techniques. By presenting an appropriate, formal, professional appearance to new customers whose individual style they do not know and/or matching their appearance to that of the host and party attendees, the salespeople could increase sales during in-home product demonstration parties.

This study was conducted to investigate the movement and home range of the red-tongued viper snake (Gloydius ussuriensis) from June 2006 to June 2009. This snake species inhabits an islet on Jeju Island, Gapado. A total of 132 individual snakes were marked during the study. Among the marked individuals, the number of snakes recaptured more than once was 22 (16.8 %) and the number of individuals recaptured more than twice was eight (6.1 %), indicating a relatively low recapture rate. The durations from capture to recapture varied from 1 to 710 days. However, the capture points were not much different, indicating that the moved distance of snakes and the interval between capture-recapture were not correlated. The home ranges of the Red-tongued viper snakes calculated from data of the snakes which were captured more than three times using the MCP(minimum convex polygon) method were 8∼167 ㎡(64.0±57.0 ㎡), suggesting that this snake is relatively sedentary. Home range size differences between female (Mean=62.0 ㎡) and male (Mean=66.0 ㎡) snakes were not significant. In the red-tongued viper population of Gapado, there was no statistically significant relationship between body size and home range size although it was positively correlated (r=0.675). Our results provide valuable data to understand life patterns of the red-tongued viper snakes and will be useful when conducting further ecological studies on other snake species.