Industrial wastewater often contains a number of recalcitrant organic contaminants. These contaminants are hardly degradable by biological wastewater treatment processes, which requires a more powerful treatment method based on chemical oxidation. Advanced oxidation technology (AOT) has been extensively studied for the treatment of nonbiodegradable organics in water and wastewater. Among different AOTs developed up to date, ozonation and the Fenton process are the representative technologies that widely used in the field. Based on the traditional ozonation and the Fenton process, several modified processes have been also developed to accelerate the production of reactive radicals. This article reviews the chemistry of ozonation and the Fenton process as well as the cases of application of these two AOTs to industrial wastewater treatment. In addition, research needs to improve the cost efficiency of ozonation and the Fenton process were discussed.

The sewage and wastewater (SAW) are a well-known major source of eutrophication and greentide in freshwaters and also a potential source of thermal pollution; however, there were few approaches to thermal effluent of SAW in Korea. This study was performed to understand the behavioral dynamics of the thermal effluents and their effects on the water quality of the connected streams during winter season, considering domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and hot spring wastewater from December 2015 to February 2016. Sampling stations were selected the upstream, the outlet of SAW, and the downstream in each connected stream, and the water temperature change was monitored toward the downstream from the discharging point of SAW. The temperature effect and its range of SAW on the stream were dependent not only on the effluent temperature and quantity but also on the local air temperature, water temperature and stream discharge. The SAW effects on the stream water temperature were observed with temperature increase by 2.1~5.8℃ in the range of 1.0 to 5.5 km downstream. Temperature effect was the greatest in the hot spring wastewater despite of small amount of effluent. The SAW was not only related to temperature but also to the increase of organic matter and nutrients in the connected stream. The industrial wastewater effluent was discharged with high concentration of nitrogen, while the hot spring wastewater was high in both phosphorus and nitrogen. The difference between these cases was due to with and without chemical T-P treatment in the industrial and the hot spring wastewater, respectively. The chlorophyll-a content of the attached algae was high at the outlet of SAW and the downstream reach, mostly in eutrophic level. These ecological results were presumably due to the high water temperature and phosphorus concentration in the stream brought by the thermal effluents of SAW. These results suggest that high temperature of the SAW needs to be emphasized when evaluating its effects on the stream water quality (water temperature, fertility) through a systematized spatial and temporal investigation.

In this study, we investigated influent and effluent water pollutants in 53 Public Sewage Treatment Works (PSTWs) where industrial wastewater or landfill leachate is combined four times for two years from 2014 to 2015. Also, we analyzed the characteristics of heavy metals and volatile organic carbons at influent and effluent of these PSTWs caused by sewage treatment combined with industrial wastewater or landfill leachate. As a result, six heavy metals such as barium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc, and four volatile organic carbons (VOCs) including phenols, di(2-)ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), formaldehyde and toluene were observed above detection limits in most of PSTWs. Also, it was revealed that six heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium, mercury, cadmium, chromium, nickel and selenium, and four VOCs including 1,1-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, naphthalene, and epichlorohydrin were observed more frequently according to precipitation. As a result of reviewing the monitoring data on “Water Quality Monitoring Networks” in lower watersheds of PSTWs, both heavy metals and VOCs were below detection limits, indicating that the effluent water had little influence on the watershed. Nevertheless for the better management of influent and effluent pollutants in PSTWs, it is necessary to establish the advanced management plans for water pollutants in PSTWs, which include a list of priority substances management, monitoring plans, and guidelines for industrial wastewater and landfill leachate combined in PSTWs.

The predictive capacity of wastewater treatment facility in the industrial park was estimated by the traditional method and on-the-spot survey such as certification of wastewater report and the invoices of water supply and ground water supply. The ratios of a converted wastewater to supplied industrial water between traditional method and on-the-spot survey in the estimation methods were different. By using traditional method, the business type of clothes, accessary and fur production had 77.18 % of waste ratio of wastewater and 10.72 m3/day·1000 m2 unit mass of wastewater as the highest among 9 business types. With the respect to the on-the-spot survey, food manufacturing business type had 75 % of waste ratio of wastewater and 8.35 m3/day·1000 m2 unit mass of wastewater as the highest values. The amount of wastewater from on-the-spot survey method was 541 m3/day less than one from traditional method.

This study was carried out to investigate the response characteristics of a hydrogen sulfide electrochemical gassensor for several wastewater odors. At first, it was found that bubbling sampling method was superior toheadspace sampling method in terms of sensor sensitivity. High correlation between odor concentration and sensorresults was shown for two wastewater which were r=0.977 for food-waste recycling wastewater and r=0.997for food industry wastewater. On the other hand, no correlation (r=0.258) was found for plating wastewater,because hydrogen sulfide was not the main odorant for that.

The purpose of this study is to get basic data for the application of coagulants for treating an industrial wastewater containing NBD COD. The NBD COD concentration of the target wastewater was calculated to be 61 mg/L, which was about 72% of the first stage treated water, and this shows that there must be advanced wastewater treatment process. When Alum(8%) was injected in raw the water, 150ppm was the best dosage and 41% CODmn removal efficiency was obtained. When Alum(8%) was injected in the discharge water, 150ppm was the best dosage, and 19% CODmn removal efficiency was obtained. When powdered activated carbon was injected, 40ppm was the best dosage, 26% CODmn removal efficiency was obtained. The method of injecting Alum(8%) in the discharge water was suitable, when the effluent exceeds the water quality standard by 20%, and the method of injecting the powdered activated carbon was suitable, when the effluent exceeds the water quality standard by 20~40%.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate for performance of biochipfiltration phosphorus treatment process developed by ANT21 and to enhance phosphorus water quality standards to meet the optimum operation conditions of phosphorus treatment process are presented. Alum, FeCl3 as the coagulant used, each with a Jar-Test influent water quality and remaval efficiency of phosphorus treatment process when compared to water quality and removal efficiency of T-P are not a big difference, Alum in the removal efficiency and water quality was the most stable and high coagulant in the case of the removal of CODmn, SS, TN. Alum and Polymer processing efficiency when using the water quality was good and treatment water quality is CODmn 19 mg/L, SS 5 mg/L, TN 26 mg/L, T-P 0.135 mg/L less than water quality standards. If Alum is applied to the field, Alum injection amount per m3 influent unit is 24 g. During the field testing operation period, the influent has average COD mn 27 mg/L, SS 10 mg/L, T-N 22 mg/L, T-P 0.910 mg/L, and the final effluent has average CODmn 22 mg/L, SS 4 mg/L, T-N 20 mg/L, T-P 0.166 mg/L respectively. Average removal efficiency of each water quality item was CODmn 21%, SS 65%, T-N 8%, TP 82% and phosphorus treatment process is effective for the removal of SS and T-P but there is a limit to the removal of CODmn and T-N.

본 연구는 영산강유역 농공폐수처리장 방류수중의 유기오염물질 분포를 관찰하였다. 시료채취 지점은 영산강 유역에 존재하는 4지점의 농공단지 폐수처리장을 선정하였다. 본 연구에서 GC-Ion trap MS로 300종의 일반적인 화학물질을 ppt수준에서 검출할 수 있는 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 농공폐수처리방류수에서 검출된 주요 유기오염물질은 농약류, CH구조의 방향족, CHO구조의 프탈레이트류, 그리고 CHO(N) 구조의 아로메틱 아민류였다. 또한 diethylphthalate를 포함한 17종의 내분비계장애물질이 검출되었다. XTT assay를 이용한 세포독성 결과는 TV로 나타냈으며, 그들의 세포독성은 A지점에서 27.2, D지점에서 24.4로 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편 화학적 분석 결과와 생물학적 독성도와는 일치하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

The application of membrane bioreactors for the depuration of wastewater coming from the washing of mineral oil storage tanks is described. Microfiltration hollow-fibre membranes were used in the submerged configuration. Filtration tests were carried out with a biomass concentration of about 15 g/L in order to assess the critical flux of the hollow fibre membrane used. Then particular care was taken in carrying out the performance runs in the sub-critical flux region. The reactor performance was very high, with removal efficiencies ranging between 93% and 97% also when the concentration of hydrocarbon was very high. Some kinetic parameters for the COD and the hydrocarbon removal were estimated.

유기물이 함유된 공업용 폐수(2차처리수)의 수질을 정화하기 위해 2000년 7～10월에 친환경적인 방법인 식물정화조를 조성하여 하천의 수질 및 지하수를 보전하고 공업단지내에서 생물서식공간과 휴게공간을 제공하고자 본 실험을 진행하였다 식물정화조의 크기는 10m×6m(상부면)로 1일 처리용량은 2.5㎥였다. 폐수는 1일 4회, 6시간 간격으로 0.625㎥씩 나누어 처리하였다. 처리효율을 높이기 위해 수직흐름방식을 채택하였고, 배수층은 모래와 자갈을 2:1의 비율로 혼합하여 깊이 1.0m로 조성하였다. 식물정화조 내에는 갈대, 부들, 골풀, 노랑꽃창포 등의 다년생 정수식물을 20본/㎥ 식재하였다. 처리수 재활용 차원에서 생물종다양성을 증진시키는 자연형 연못을 조성하였으며, 이를 환경교육장으로 활용하기 위해 관찰데크, 안내해설판 등을 도입하였다. 실험결과 BOD5, COD, T-N, T-P 등의 제거에 상당한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 생태계 모니터링 결과, 생물서식공간(비오톱)으로서의 기능이 점진적으로 향상되고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

산업혁명 이후로 계속해서 문제가 되어왔던 이산화탄소를 저감하기 위한 노력이 전세계적으로 이루어지고 있다. 다양한 이산화탄소 저감 기술 중 이산화탄소를 안정적이고 대량으로 고정 및 재이용할 수 있는 기술 중 하나로 무기탄산화 기술이 있는데 이는 금속이온과 이산화탄소를 반응시켜 무기탄산염을 생성하는 기술이다. 따라서 금속이온 공급원 선택이 핵심 요소 중 하나인데 일반적으로 Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+ 등을 포함한 다량의 금속 이온을 포함하고 있는 해수를 기반으로 한 폐기물의 사용에 대하여 고려하였다. 정제소금 생산 공정에서는 위에 언급된 해수를 사용하여 소금을 생산한다. 이러한 과정에서 Na+가 제거되면서 Mg2+ 및 Ca2+가 농축된다. 따라서 기존의 해수보다 높은 농도의 금속 이온을 가지고 있기 때문에 사용하기에 적합하며 폐수처리라는 장점 또한 가지고 있다. 먼저 해수 내의 Ca이온을 OH-이온을 사용한 pH조절을 통하여 Ca(OH)2로 분리한 후 CO2 포화 아민계 흡수제(Methyldiethanolamine, MDEA)를 사용하여 이산화탄소를 전달한다. 생성물을 여과한 후 고온에서 24시간 건조시킨 후에 XRD, SEM, TGA를 사용하여 결정구조, 모양 및 순도분석을 실시하였다. 또한 포화 아민계 흡수제 제조 과정에서 재이용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 탈거 및 재흡수실험을 진행하였다.

In order to cope with some drawbacks of conventional CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) technologies, the new way to deal carbon dioxide have been studied a lot. One way to deal emitted carbon dioxide is to convert carbon dioxide into metal carbonate salt which can be used for various purposes such as raw materials for construction, additives for paper-making industries and so on. In this method, securing the source for metal cation is important and in this research, concentrated industrial wastewater was used to supply metal cation. In the wastewater, calcium and magnesium ions were dissolved and this could make cpatured carbon dioxide to be converted to metal carbonate salts. As a result of the chemical conversion, the amount of carbon dioxide converted to the precipitated salts and the crystal structures of them were suggested. To verify the crystal structures and the composition of salt mixtures, Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction analysis were utilized.

Many researchers around the worlds are getting their attention on developing carbon dioxide reduction technologies. In this research, the method to utilize captured carbon dioxide was suggested using industrial wastewater which was produced from refined salt production process. High concentrations of metal carbonates such as calcium, magnesium and so on were contained in them and it could lead to carbon fixation which can lead to utilization of precipitated salts for various purposes. In this research, 30 wt% of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and methyl-diethanolamine solutions were used as absorbents and precipitated salts were produced as final product. Using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope, crystal structures of the products were verified.

To treat chromaticity contained in effluents of dyeing wastewater efficiently, potent dye-degrading microorganisms were isolated from influent water, aeration- tank sludge, recycle water and settling-tank sludge located in leather and dyeing treatment plant. Six potent strains were finally isolated and identified as Comamonas testosteroni, Methylobacteriaceae bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp., Kluyveromyces fragilis, Ascomycetes sp. and Basidiomycetes sp. When Basidiomycetes sp. was inoculated into ME medium containing basal mixed-dyes, 93% of color was removed after 8 days incubation. In the same experiment, the 1:1 mixed culture of Basidiomycetes sp. and photosynthetic bacterium exhibited 88% of color removal; however, it showed better color removal for single-color dyes. The aeration-tank and settling-tank samples revealed higher color removal (95-96%) for black dyes. The settling-tank sample also revealed higher color removal on basal mixed-dyes, which resulted in 90% color removal after 6-h incubation. From the above results, it is expected to achieve a higher color removal using the mixed microorganisms that were isolated from aeration-tank and settling-tank samples.

Several adsorbents were tried to remove the selenium ions from industrial wastewater and the following ascending order of the adsorption performance for the selenium at pH 9 was observed: cation exchange resin < chelate resin < zeolite < brown marine algae < granular activated carbon < anion exchange resin. Initial concentration of selenium(146 mg/L) in industrial wastewater was reduced to 63 mg/L of selenium at pH 9 by neutralization process. The maximum uptake of Se calculated from the Langmuir isotherm with anion exchange resin was 0.091 mmol/g at pH 10 and that with granular activated carbon was 0.083 mmol/g at pH 6. The affinity coefficients of Se ion towards anion exchange resin and granular activated carbon were 3.263 L/mmol at pH 10 and 0.873 L/mmol at pH 6, respectively. The sorption performance of anion exchange resin at the low concentration of Se, namely, was much better than that of granular activated carbon. The Se ions from industrial wastewater throughout neutralization process and two steps of adsorption using anion exchange resin was removed to 97.7%.