This study was carried out to explore the accuracy of near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) for the prediction of moisture content and chemical parameters on winter annual forage crops. A population of 2454 winter annual forages representing a wide range in chemical parameters was used in this study. Samples of forage were scanned at 1nm intervals over the wavelength range 680-2500nm and the optical data was recorded as log 1/Reflectance(log 1/R), which scanned in intact fresh condition. The spectral data were regressed against a range of chemical parameters using partial least squares(PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with spectral math treatments to reduced the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected based on the highest coefficients of determination in cross validation(R2) and the lowest standard error of cross-validation(SECV). The results of this study showed that NIRS calibration model to predict the moisture contents and chemical parameters had very high degree of accuracy except for barely. The R2 and SECV for integrated winter annual forages calibration were 0.99(SECV 1.59%) for moisture, 0.89(SECV 1.15%) for acid detergent fiber, 0.86(SECV 1.43%) for neutral detergent fiber, 0.93(SECV 0.61%) for crude protein, 0.90(SECV 0.45%) for crude ash, and 0.82(SECV 3.76%) for relative feed value on a dry matter(%), respectively. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of NIRS method to predict the moisture and chemical composition of winter annual forage for routine analysis method to evaluate the feed value.

K-1계열 전차의 전차장 열상조준경은 주야간 및 연막, 안개 등의 상황에서 포수조준경과 독립적으로 360°회전을 통한 전 방향의 표적 관측과 전차가 정지 및 기동 간 발생하는 진동에서도 조준선을 안정화하여 전차장이 표적의 감지, 식별, 조준 및 추적 할 수 있는 장치이다. 이 장치 의 주요기능 중 하나인 가시상 및 열상을 감지하고 처리하여 최종 영상을 전차장에게 전달하는 것으로 이를 위한 핵심 부품은 주간 및 열상 창이다. 이 핵심 부품은 목표물을 관측하는 광행 로 입구에 장착되어 있으며, 목표물에 대해서 주간에는 가시광, 야간에는 적외선을 통과하여 전 차장 열상조준경의 내부 광학계통으로 전달하는 기능을 수행한다. 이와 같은 핵심부품에 대한 정비는 창 정비 품목으로 선정되어 대부분 재생정비가 아닌 신품 교환 정비를 하고 있는 실정 이다. 즉, 재생정비가 가능한 품목임에도 불구하고 신품교환에 따라 군 예산이 낭비되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 평면연마장비와 DLC(diamond-like carbon) 코딩장비를 활용하여 주간 및 열상 창을 연마·코팅할 수 있도록 장착치구를 개발하였다. 또한 재생공정에 대한 검사기준 정립을 포함하여 재생품에 대한 성능검증을 위해 기 발간된 창 정비작업요구서(DMWR) 수정(안)을 제시 하였다.

Honey bees are affected by a variety of factors, so they have to be thoroughly managed according to their lifestyle. The activity of the honey bee foragers represent an important parameter of the hive state. Here, the real-time and automatic monitoring system using dual infrared sensors was applied for counting the foraging activity of honey bees based on ICT. According to this study, this system is very accurate with a relative error of 3.98% / 4.43% compared to manual counting through video analysis. This system showed the scalability of the system through the internal and external temperature sensors connected through the main board and BLE module. Furthermore, the data measured through this system for one month were analyzed, the monthly average foraging activity and the number of lost foragers were measured (1.88% of outgoing bees), and at the same time, the foraging patterns according to the changes of temperature and time were analyzed. This study suggests that the development of apicultural, scientific and educational materials with more powerful real-time monitoring tools through expansion of a complex monitoring system and big data accumulation.

We report the properties of infrared photodetectors based on two kinds of quantum dots(QDs): i) 2.0 ML InAs QDs by the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode(SK QDs) and ii) sub-monolayer QDs by 4 × [0.3 ML/1 nm In0.15Ga0.85As] deposition(SML QDs). The QD infrared photodetector(QDIP) structure of n+-n−(QDs)-n+ is epitaxially grown on GaAs (100) wafers using molecular-beam epitaxy. Both the bottom and top contact GaAs layers are Si doped at 2 × 1018/cm3. The QD layers are grown with Si doping of 2 × 1017/cm3 and capped by an In0.15Ga0.85As layer at 495 oC. The photoluminescence peak(1.24 eV) of the SML QDIP is blue-shifted with respect to that (1.04 eV) of SK QDIPs, suggesting that the electron ground state of SML QDIP is higher than that of the SK QDIP. As a result, the photoresponse regime(~9-14 μm) of the SML QDIP is longer than that (~6-12 μm) of the SK QDIP. The dark current of the SML QDIP is two orders of magnitude smaller value than that of the SK QDIP because of the inserted Al0.08Ga0.92As layer.

We present various infrared two-color diagrams (2CDs) using WISE data for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and Planetary Nebulae (PNe) and investigate possible evolutionary tracks. We use the sample of 5036 AGB stars, 660 post-AGB stars, and 2748 PNe in our Galaxy. For each object, we cross-identify the IRAS, AKARI, WISE, and 2MASS counterparts. To investigate the spectral evolution from AGB stars to PNe, we compare the theoretical model tracks of AGB stars and post-AGB stars with the observations on the IR 2CDs. We find that the theoretical dust shell model tracks can roughly explain the observations of AGB stars, post-AGB stars, and PNe on the various IR 2CDs. WISE data are useful in studying the evolution of AGB stars and PNe, especially for dim objects. We find that most observed color indices generally increase during the evolution from AGB stars to PNe. We also find that Fe0.9Mg0.1O dust is useful to fit the observed WISE W3-W4 colors for O-rich AGB stars with thin dust shells.