The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in concentrations of leptin and insulin in serum of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) with reproductive disorders and to examine the relationship among leptin, insulin, and body condition score (BCS). The concentration of leptin in serum of pregnant Hanwoo showed insignificant difference from that in serum of Hanwoo with reproductive disorder, such as repeat breeding, follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, ovarian atrophy, and feeble estrus (p>0.05). However, the concentrations of leptin and insulin in serum were changed with different BCS value. In emaciated Hanwoo (BCS ), they were significantly decreased compared to BCS (p<0.05). The leptin showed different genotypes with different BCS value. In BCS , C/T genotype was expressed (83.3%) more than C/C (16.7%) or T/T (0%) genotype, whereas C/C genotype was expressed (62.5%) more than C/T (25.0%) or T/T (12.5%) genotype in BCS . The insulin concentration in follicular fluid obtained from ovary with follicular cyst which has follicles having diameter of was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in normal follicle fluid which has follicles having diameter of . These results showed that concentration of leptin and insulin in serum were related to BCS value and follicular size and suggest that the changes in concentration of leptin and/or insulin in serum could be a potent biomarker for diagnosis of bovine reproductive disorder.

Insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS) complex is reported to improve in vitro development of oocytes and embryos. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ITS during in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos on subsequent developmental capacity in vitro. The electrically activated oocytes were cultured in Porcine Zygote Medium (PZM-3) with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of ITS for 7 days. Also, the electrically activated reconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of ITS for 6 days. Addition of ITS to culture medium did not affect development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos in vitro. To test the effect of ITS on the in vitro development of porcine NT embryos, factorial experiments were also performed for in vitro maturation (IVM) medium (TCM-199) with or without 1% ITS and culture medium (PZM-3) with or without 0.5% ITS. Addition of 0.5% ITS to culture medium increased (p<0.05) the proportion of NT blastocysts compared with non-treated group. In contrast, addition of 1% ITS to culture medium was ineffective or had a detrimental effect. Also, addition of ITS only to maturation medium increased (p<0.05) the percentage of NT blastocysts formation compared with the control group. In conclusion, addition of ITS to IVM or IVC medium could improve subsequent blastocyst development of porcine NT embryos.

Agi ng adversely affects the structure and function of the saliva ry gla nd and leads to ma rked insulin resis t ance that correlates with red uced ins ulin s ignal t ra nsduction, lnsulin-like g rowth factors are k.nown to be regulator involved in embryonic a nd postnatal development with sequences 62% identical t o that of proins ulin , To determine whether i n suli n- like growth facto l' - l, -2, - 1 receptor a l'e involved in the changes in rat salival'y gland by aging, we a na lyzecl the qua nti tation of 19f - 1, -2, - 1 rece ptor mRNA in l'at salivary glancl between 2 weeks and 26 months after bir th using the competiti ve reverse t ra nscriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) methocl Between 2 weeks ancl 2 months age, sharp falls in the qua nt ities of Igf-2 mRNA were observed, W11ereas Igf- 1 receptor mRNA rose by aging, but not sig nifïcantly, The quanti t ies of 19f- l kept by aging, These change seem to be involvecl a role fol' the Igf-2 in sali va ry c1evelopment a ncl earl y growth is incli ca ted, Thus, t he dras tic changes in the qua ntities of Igf-2 mRNA in the ra t sali va ry gla nd by aging seem to be in volved in the development, early growth and homeostasis of sali vary gla nd,

Relaxin과 insulin이 돼지 난포 과립막세포의 스테로이드 호르몬 분비에 미치는 영향을 연구하기위하여 체외에서 황체화된 과립막세포에서 prosesterone과 의 생산을 조사하였다. 돼지난포 과립막세포를 혈청 존재하에 배양접시에 부착 후 48시간 동안 체외배양하고 무혈청 배지에서 24시간 배양하였다. Relaxin과 insulin의 용량의존성을 확인하기 위하여 다양한 농도 (10, 100, 1,000 ng/ml)를 각각 무혈청 배지에 첨가하였다.

To deterrnine the effects of insulin-like growth factor system in the aging process of the rat submandibular gland, expression pattems of 19f-1, 19f-2 and 19f-1 receptor were investigated by immunohistochem엽따. 1n addition, age-related changes of 19f-1 and 19f-2 concentrations in serum were deterrnined by radioimmunoassay 19f-1, 19f-2 and 19f-1 receptor were principally expressed 띠 the duct cells. 19f-1 receptors were strongly expre잃ed in 2-week-old group but were gradually decreased with advancing age. 19f-1 expressions were the strongest in the excretory and striated ducts of 7-month-old and 17-month-old groups. 19f-1 expressions, however, were weakiy expressed in the cells of granular convoluted tubules of 7-month잉ld ， 17-month-old and 27-month-old groups. 19f-2 expressions were found in some cells around duαs of 2-week-old group but were persisted relatively weak. The concentrations of 19f-1 and 1향2 in serum were the highest in 2-week-old group but were decreased and maintained at low level with advancing age. These results show that all components of 19f system were expressed in the rat submandibular giand in an age-related manner. Serum concentrations of all components of 19f system were not dosely related with the intra-밍and비ar expresslon patterns 까lerefore ， 1양 systerns may play important roles in the aging process of the rat submandibular gland in an autocrine/paracrine manner

본 연구는 돼지 체외수정란의 배양시스템의 최적화를 위하여 수행되었다. 기본배양액으로는 NC-SU-23을 사용하였으며, 실험 1에서는 IGF-I이 각각 0, 1, 10, 100 ng/의 농도로 첨가된 배양액에서 배양하여 분할율, 배반포 발달율과총 세포수를 확인하였다. 농도 경사에 따른 분할율은 차이가 없었으나(65.5%~69.5%), 배반포 발달율에 있어서는 10 ng/의 농도로 첨가하였을 경우가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 실험 2는 배 아 유전자 활성

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have been shown to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of various somatic cells, including placental trophoblasts and also to enhance fetal growth and development when maternally administered. Since an increase of the expression of placental EGF and IGF-I receptors in rat, mouse, and human with the gestation advanced, both EGF and IGF-I were considered to play pivotal roles on fetal growth by regulating some function of placental cells. Amino acids are crucial importance for both maternal and fetal requirements of energy source and essential constituent of fetal mass during pregnancy. Impaired fetal and placental uptake of amino acids has been observed in several models of growth retardation in the rat. Amino acid is concentrated in the fetal side through active transport by amino acid transporters and is one of the important metabolic fuels for the fatal growth. Therefore, at first plasma amino acid concentrations in mothers and fetuses were measured as an index of uphill transport across the placenta associated with EGF and IGF-1. The EGF administration at the concentration of 0, 0.1, or 0.2 /g to pregnant rats from day 18 to 21 of gestation apparently increased fetal/maternal ratio of serum proline concentration and also fatal growth in EGF dose-dependent manner. When IGF-I in doses of 0, 1, 2, and 4 /g were administrated, the ratio of leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine and also fetal growth significantly increased with a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that EGF and IGF-I enhanced fatal growth by, as one of its possible mechanisms, promoting placental activity to transfer some amino acid supplies from the mother to the fetus in late pregnancy.