We performed temperature dependent current-voltage (I-V) measurements to characterize the electrical properties of Au/Al2O3/n-Ge metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diodes prepared with and without H2O prepulse treatment by atomic layer deposition (ALD). By considering the thickness of the Al2O3 interlayer, the barrier height for the treated sample was found to be 0.61 eV, similar to those of Au/n-Ge Schottky diodes. The thermionic emission (TE) model with barrier inhomogeneity explained the final state of the treated sample well. Compared to the untreated sample, the treated sample was found to have improved diode characteristics for both forward and reverse bias conditions. These results were associated with the reduction of charge trapping and interface states near the Ge/Al2O3 interface.

This study discusses the length effect of the downward inclined surface to apply the inclined interface surface design of the composite material under shear loading. The fracture parameter is analyzed by finite element method of the ANSYS. If the negative shear displacement is applied, energy release rate is reduced further to about the increasing inclined length, and the positive shear displacement applied, it had increased rather. If the negative shear displacement is applied, the reduction in the energy release rate in crack tip is found to be affected by the reduction in shear stress. If the positive shear displacement is applied, the increasing in the energy release rate in the crack tip is found to be affected by the increase in shear stress.

In this paper, we analyze user's manipulation and reaction in an accelerometer-based game interface, as compared with a touch joystick-based game interface. To roll the ball, the user carefully grabs and adjusts the smartphone with both hands in the accelerometer-based game interface; while the user very quickly clicks the up, down, left, right, buttons in the touch joystick-based game interface, because it is already familiar to the user. The accelerometer-based game interface is relatively more immersive and interesting than the touch joystick-based game interface; because the user gets more desired results by elaborately operating the game with both hands rather than by clicking the buttons with the thumb.

The Interface Hypothesis (Sorace, 2011; Sorace & Filiaci, 2006; Sorace & Serratrice, 2009; Tsimpli & Sorace, 2006, among others) states that the grammar external interface is more vulnerable for advanced L2ers or bilinguals than the grammar internal interface, and L1 discourse influence is one factor responsible for their residual difficulty (Sorace, 2005; Sorace, Serratrice, Filiaci & Baldo, 2009). Their study, however, did not disentangle interface effects from L1 influence and it is unclear whether the residual difficulty of advanced L2ers is due to interface effects or L1 influence. The results of the present study which teases the two factors apart show that L1 influence is stronger than interface effects. The results without L1 influence show that the syntax-discourse interface is more vulnerable than the syntax-morphology interface, supporting the Interface Hypothesis. This study examines two sets of data, cross-sectional and longitudinal, on overpassivization of L2 English unaccusative verbs by Chinese and Korean speakers.

Tour application have a lot of information to offer. Because smart phones’ screen is small, it is necessary to efficiently organize user interface(UI). To have a quantity analysis on human's' attention affected by layout position in tour application UI design, an experiment was proposed and then the data analysis was done. Thirty subjects took part in our experiment and 20 tour application layout images divided into four area of interest (AOI) were taken as the stimulus randomly. Data was recorded by the Tobi Pro X2-30 eye tracker system. The heat maps and gaze plot results were analyzed. And then One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) statistical method was applied to finding out the significant difference in factor levels. Results show that the active area and eye movements tracking roads within statistic meaning. Moreover, ANOVA (F = 24.28, p = 2.21267e􎂡15 < 0.01) shows that the different positions have significance difference effect on subjects' attention and mean of AOI (4) is a significant difference from other three area. And then the influence degree of AOI (4) (F = 13.90, p = 0.098 > 0.05) is weaker than other regions through the simple test. In conclusion, the tour applications should be considered the layout position effects on improving the attraction for corresponding users.

In this paper, a 2-DOF electromechanical impedance model of PZT material-aluminum interface member is proposed. The primary motivation is to control the effective frequency range in impedance-based local health monitoring practices. The proposed method focuses on the predetermination of the effective frequency band and the wireless impedance sensing possibility for damage detection in structural connections like tendon anchorage, etc. Firstly, a 2-DOF impedance model is proposed for modelling the PZT interface-host structure system. Secondly, the prototype design of the PZT interface is developed based on the analysis of the 2-DOF impedance model and the local dynamic characteristics of the composite aluminum interface-host structure system. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed 2-DOF impedance model is numerically verified by predetermining the effective frequency band for the impedance monitoring in a cable-anchorage connection.

In order to examine how the solid-liquid interface responds to temperature variation depending on the materials characteristics, i.e. faceted phase or nonfaceted phase, the moving solid-liquid interface of transparent organic material, as a model substance for metallic materials (pivalic acid, camphene, salol, and camphor-50wt% naphthalene) was observed in-situ. Plots of the interface movement distance against time were obtained. The solid-liquid interface of the nonfaceted phase is atomically rough; it migrates in continuous mode, giving smooth curves of the distance-time plot. This is the case for pivalic acid and camphene. It was expected that the faceted phases would show different types of curves of the distance-time plot because of the atomically smooth solid-liquid interface. However, salol (faceted phase) shows a curve of the distance-time plot as smooth as that of the nonfaceted phases. This indicates that the solid-liquid interface of salol migrates as continuously as that of the nonfaceted phases. This is in contrast with the case of naphthalene, one of the faceted phases, for which the solidliquid interface migrates in “stop and go” mode, giving a stepwise curve of the distance-time plot.

In this paper, it suggests how to input what it needs under gesture based which is able to put its text 3 times faster than an existing way with voice based by a person who is a visually impaired person with a smart device that is flat display without a physical button. The suggesting way is a text input method based on gesture that after setting the touch display of the smart phone to 8 directions, then, it inputs number, English/Korean tests and special characters with initial location and central point of input texts following drag motion of the users or it controls and processes all applications in the smart devices naturally. It tries to prove efficiency of this method through real test to the visually impaired.

CIn this paper, I discuss the minimization of the user interface of the interactive fairy tale content based on BCI and Motion Sensing Technology. For this reason, 3 version intervention interfaces of the interactive fairy tale content with Microsoft's Kinect as a non-contact motion sensing device and NeuroSky's MindWave EEG biosensor device as a BCI interface were produced and experimented. The experiments have been accomplished for four children of the first or the second graders by examining three different interactive intervention interfaces: 1) attention indicator by sparkling light; 2) the attention indicator plus behavior instructions; and 3) an indication bar for the attention level plus behavior instructions. As a result of this experimental observations, it shows that the visualized interface such as icons helps the participating children communicate with the fairy tale content system. In addition, they do communicate well without the visualized graphical interfaces when they are demanded by the realistic actions. Whereas, some communication problems have been found neither the realistic actions are requested nor the attention indicators are provided definitely.

This research presents assessmental FRP plate, one of materials used for reinforcing damage of RC structure caused by deterioration. in order to investigate effective bonding length and bonding strength according to material property of epoxy used for bonding between FRP-Concrete, experimental tests for 3 specimens with each bonding length of 50,100,150,200and 250mm respectively are performed. test results indicate frat material property of epoxy can affect effective bonding length of FRP-Concrete.

As a macroscopic research for the interaction of TV Console game platform, I have analyzed the differentiation & characteristic of interaction for each platform. “Odyssey” developed by Ralph Henry Baer in Magnavox was the first console which has the propaedeutic user interaction. Development of graphical technology and the release of the Nintendo Famicom which equipped with Yokoi Gunpei cross key & horizontal Pad had provided an opportunity for the development of user interaction methods like as sound & 2D. Also, multimedia function of Sony PlayStation and Nintendo 64 had brought the era of 3D games and multiplay. Finally, Motion technology triggered by Wii had progressed to the gesture recognition interface throughout the Playstation MOVE of SONY & Xbox 360 Kinect of Microsoft.

The surface rheological properties of polymer monolayer show complicated non-linear viscoelastic flow phenomena when they are subjected to spreading flow. These spreading flow properties are controlled by the characteristics of flow units. The kinetics of the formation of an interfacial film obtained after spreading poly(diisobutylene maleic acid) at air-water interface were studied by measuring of the surface pressure with time. The experimental data were analyzed theoretically according to a nonlinear surface viscoelastic model. The values of dynamic modulus, static modulus, surface viscosities and rheological parameters in various area/ monomer were obtained by appling experimental data to the equation of nonlinear surface viscoelastic model.

본 연구에서는 미디어아트, 또는 기술 매체와 신체의 인터페이스를 강조하는 인터랙티브 미디어아트의 해석적 틀로서 현상학적 체현인지의 관점을 제시한다. 메를로퐁티의 현상학과 체현인지 이론에서 영향을 받은 최근의 HCI 연구와 매체 미학의 상통하는 개념들을 발굴하여 미디어아트의 현상학적 도식을 제안해 보았다. 체험된 신체, 현상학적 장, 점진적 체화와 지향성, 시선의 이동성과 가상성 등은 미디어아트를 읽어내기 위한 개념 틀과 어휘의 형성에 이바지할 수 있어 보인다. 이는 탈 경계와 혼종성을 중심으로 한 포스트 휴머니즘이나 기술철학적 관점을 대체하기보다는, 서로 상보적인 관계에서 미디어아트 해석의 다양성을 높이는데 기여할 것으로 보인다.

This study developed a user focused interface to improve a temperature regulation smart wear system controlled by a textile switch embedded on the outer surface. Designers need to investigate problems between design and consumers to enhance usability. Companies usually launch a final product where problems are resolved by repeated usability evaluation from the initial stage of product development. A textile switch was made all fabric for natural wear ability and designed for easy control and hands-free operation. Usability evaluation for textile switch design was conducted after reading manual without functioning. The survey selected five possibilities (metaphor, consistency, efficiency, flexibility, and aesthetic) from 10 heuristic evaluation assessment criteria of Nielsen(Feedback, metaphor, control, consistency, error prevention, efficiency, flexibility, aesthetic, recover form error, and help) to evaluate with a 5-point Likert-type rating scale restricted by 17 questions that collected specific opinions about user satisfaction. We randomly selected 20 general users to conduct the survey. A textile switch was made all fabric for natural wear ability and designed for easy control and hands-free operation. Usability evaluation for textile switch design was conducted after reading manual without functioning. The survey selected five possibilities (metaphor, consistency, efficiency, flexibility, and aesthetic) from 10 heuristic evaluation assessment criteria of Nielsen(Feedback, metaphor, control, consistency, error prevention, efficiency, flexibility, aesthetic, recover form error, and help) to evaluate with a 5-point Likert-type rating scale restricted by 17 questions that collected specific opinions about user satisfaction. We randomly selected 20 general users to conduct the survey. Textile switch is suitable for the interface of temperature regulation smart wear systems in terms of usability, because it synthetically presented high user satisfaction standards. We modify the final prototype based on usability problems selected through subjective evaluation.

In this study, the effect of downward inclined interface about interfacial crack of bimaterials are discussed. The fracture parameter are analyzed by finite element method of the ANSYS. The energy release rates, displacement jump and stress distribution were analyzed as the gradient variation of inclined interfaces. As a results, in case of positive shear displacement was applied, the energy release rates not varied with gradient of inclined interface increasing. However in case of negative shear displacement was applied, the energy release rates decreased with gradient of inclined interface increasing. Due to the inclined interface contact, the shielding effect relatively increased as the gradient of inclined interface was increased.

In this study, we study the behavior of CFT subjected to pure bending moment considering the interface character between the materials. We assume that the interface between the materials has 2 cases, one is full-composite the other is non-composite. Through the analysis of the FEM results, we find that CFT’s flexure behavior is unique compared to other composite structures. There is almost similar CFT’s flexure behavior in the pure moment regardless of interface character between steel and concrete. This is because there is no difference in the neutral axis of the full-composite and non-composite in the CFT scetion.

Carbonate-type organic electrolytes were prepared using propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a solvent, quaternary ammonium salts, and by adding different contents of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4). Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were performed to analyze conducting behaviors. The surface characterizations were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From the experimental results, increasing the EMImBF4 content increased the ionic conductivity and reduced bulk resistance and interfacial resistance. In particular, after adding 15 vol% EMImBF4 in 0.2 M SBPBF4 PC/DMC electrolyte, the organic electrolyte showed superior capacitance and interfacial resistance. However, when EMImBF4 content exceeded 15 vol%, the capacitance was saturated and the voltage range decreased.

Klotho (KL) is a single transmembrane protein composed of KL1 and KL2 repeats possessing β-glucuronidase activity and maintains calcium homeostasis in physiological state. It has been implicated in pigs that calcium is important for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and our previous study has shown that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6), a calcium ion transporter, is predominantly expressed in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs. However, expression and function of KL in the uterine endometrium has not been determined in pigs. Thus, the present study determined expression and regulation of KL in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of KL mRNA decreased between Days 12 to 15 of the estrous cycle, and its expression showed a biphasic manner during pregnancy. KL mRNA was expressed in conceptuses and in chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. Explant culture study showed that expression levels of KL were not affected by treatment of steroid hormones or interleukin-1beta during the implantation period. Furthermore, levels of KL mRNA in the uterine endometrium from gilts carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)- derived embryos were significantly lower than those from gilts carrying natural mating-derived embryos on Day 12 of pregnancy. These results exhibited that KL was expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface in a pregnancy statusand stage-specific manner, and its expression was affected by SCNT procedure, suggesting that KL may play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.