PURPOSES : This study aimed to perform real-time on-site construction volume management by using Internet of things (IoT) technology consisting of 3D scanning, image acquisition, wireless communication systems, and mobile apps for new and maintenance construction of concrete bridge deck overlays. METHODS : LiDAR was used to scan the overlay before and after construction to check the overlay volume. An enhanced inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method was applied to merge the LiDAR data scanned from multiple locations to reduce noise, and an anisotropic filter was applied for efficient three-dimensional shape modeling of the merged LiDAR data. The construction volume counter of the mobile mixer was directly photographed using an IP camera, and the data were transmitted to a central server via the LTE network. The video images were transmitted to the central server and optical character recognition (OCR) was used to recognize the counter number and store it. The system was built such that the stored information could be checked in real time in the field or at the office. RESULTS : As a result of using LiDAR to check the amount of overlay construction, the error from the planned amount was 0.6%. By photographing the counter of the mobile mixer using an IP camera and identifying the number on the counter using OCR to check the quantity, the results showed that there was a 2% difference from the planned quantity. CONCLUSIONS : Although the method for checking the amount of construction on site using LiDAR remains limited, it has the advantage of storing and managing the geometric information of the site more accurately. Through the IoT-based on-site production management system, we were able to identify the amount of concrete used in real time with relative accuracy.

PURPOSES : Currently, the domestic construction industry is dominated by large-scale projects such as roads, ports, airports, and buildings. Construction on such projects is generally conducted simultaneously, but the process and quality management are led by a small number of responsible managers. In the case of road pavements, owing to rapid industrial development, economic growth, and the expansion of social overhead capital investment in the road construction industry, highways and general national roads have been constructed on a large scale. Therefore, this study aimed to improve and develop domestic concrete production and construction quality management by improving the reliability and transparency of production quality management and simplifying business processes. This was accomplished through the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based cement quality management system capable of automated design and build (D/B) construction and real-time monitoring. METHODS : The "IQ" system is a quality management system for enabling real-time monitoring of D/B quality at the time of concrete production and according to the designated age by utilizing quality test equipment developed with an LTE-Bluetooth function. It is possible to immediately identify and respond to quality problems through real-time monitoring, secure a reliable quality D/B because the quality test results cannot be arbitrarily manipulated, and to simplify the work process through the automatic D/B construction. In addition, improved quality control can be achieved through real-time information sharing and feedback system operations between contractors, managers, and personnel involved in construction. The quality control test items for developing the IQ system are the compression and flexural strengths, as these can be used to determine the design standard strength of pre-curing concretes (such as their slump and unit quantity) and the adequacy of the workability and durability, as well as the air volume to predict the durability, and the chloride content in the sections where reinforcement is used. CONCLUSIONS : This study identified difficulties and limitations in quality management according to the operation method in the domestic quality management systems, and in the real-time monitoring between managers and contractors. Thus, it was necessary to establish an improved systematic and reliable quality management system. The IQ system was developed to solve this problem.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation methodologies for spraying amount and sprayed condition of curing compound based on IoT technology when concrete pavements are constructed. METHODS : To measure the spraying amount of curing compound, a turbine type flowmeter was selected and a number of laboratory experiments were performed to verify the applicability of the selected sensor. To evaluate the uniformity of the sprayed curing compound on the concrete pavement surface, image process technologies were examined using pictures taken from the actual construction sites and from the test specimens. RESULTS : By performing experiments using water and curing compound, the selected flowmeter was verified to properly be applied to measure the spraying amount of curing compound with an acceptable accuracy. By conducting image processing using pictures of the sprayed curing compound on the concrete pavement surface, it was found that the 8 color analysis method was the best to evaluate the uniformity of the sprayed curing compound. CONCLUSIONS : From this study, it was concluded that the spraying amount of curing compound could be accurately measured using a turbine type flowmeter and the uniformity of the sprayed curing compound on the concrete pavement surface could be properly evaluated using an image processing technology.

This study concerns the integrated gas sensor system of wire and wireless communication by using IoT(Internet of Things) technology. First, communication part is that it delivers the detection information, which transferred by wire or wireless communication and required control procedure based on a wireless module that receives the gas leakage information from wired or wireless detector, to administrator or user’s terminal. Second, receiver part is that it shows the location and information, which received from the wired detector formed by a detecting sensor’s node as linking with the communication part, and transfers these to the communication part. Third, wireless detector formed as a communication module of a detecting sensor node is that it detects gas leakage and transfers the information through wireless as a packet.Fourth, wired detector communicated with the receiver part and formed as a communication module of a detecting sensor node is that it detects gas leakage, transfers and shows the information as a packet. Fifth, administrator’s terminal is that it receives gas leakage information by the communication part, transfers the signal by remote-control, and shut off a gas valve as responding the information. Sixth, database is that it is connected with the communication part; it sets and stores the default values for detecting smoke, CO., and temperature; it transfers this information to the communication part or sends a gas detecting signal to user’s terminal. Seventh, user’s terminal is that it receives each location’s default value which stored and set at the database; it manages emergency situation as shutting off a gas valve through remote control by corresponding each location’s gas leakage information, which transferred from the detector to the communication part by wireless.It is possible to process a high quality data regarding flammable or toxic gas by transferring the data, which measured by a sensor module of detector, to the communication part through wire and wireless. And, it allows a user to find the location by a smart phone where gas leaks. Eventually, it minimizes human life or property loss by having stability on gas leakage as well as corresponding each location’s information quickly.

콜드체인(저온물류)은 일반적으로 온도를 제어하는 공급 사슬로 정의되며, 냉장/냉동 물품의 생산부터 배송, 저장 및 판매에 이르기까지의 일련의 상호 작업을 의미한다. 지구온난화, 소가족 증가와 인구의 고령화, 전자상거래의 성장으로 인하여 콜드체인에 대한 필요성은 높아지고 있으며, 신선식품, 의약품 등은 특히 건강과 직결되어 선택이 아닌 필수적인 솔루션이 됐다. 하지만 콜드체인 도입을 위해서는 고가의 인프라 및 장비를 갖춰야 한다는 점이 콜드체인 시스템 도입의 발목을 잡고 있다. 우리나라의 배송서비스 시장도 이제는 노동력에 의존하기 보다는 4차 산업혁명 기술이 접목된 스마트 배송서비스로 변화가 필요한 시점이다. 내가 주문한 신선 식품에 대한 온도 모니터링을 통하여 얼마나 신선하게 상태를 유지하며 배송이 이뤄졌는지를 고객이 확인할 수 있는 패키지 솔루션을 개발하기 위해선 다양한 이해 관계자들의 니즈를 파악하고 접 목 가능한 IoT 기술을 적용한 신선 패키지 디자인 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 온도관리와 가격을 중심으로 IoT 기술을 활용한 신선 택배 서비스 패키지 디자인 개발을 진행하기 위하여 IoT 기술이 접목된 다양한 온도관련 기술을 적용한 패키지 사례들을 고찰하고 분석하여 온도관리 신선배송에 적용이 가능한 요소를 도출하였고, 디자인 방법론 활용하여 신선 식품 제조기업과 소비자가 배송 온도관리에 대한 신뢰 문제를 해결하는 NFC기술 활용기반의 신선 패키지 디자인 제품을 제안하고자 한다. 기존의 IoT기술을 활용한 제품과 서비스를 분석한 결과 제품들이 실제 신선 택배에서 사용하기에는 제품 가격이나 서비스 사용성이 시장에서 적용하기에 어려움이 있음을 발견할 수 있었다. 그 이유는 백신과 같은 의약품뿐만 아니라 전문적인 물류서비스를 위한 온도관리에 대한 인식 부족과 가격적인 장애물 그리고 사용의 편리성이 배제된 서비스였다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 얼마나 신선하게 상태를 유지하며 배송이 이뤄졌는지 온도를 모니터링하고 이를 소비자가 확인할 수 있도록 하여 배송자와 최종 소비자의 고객 만족도를 만족시키는 서비스 패키지 디자인을 제안 하는데 목표를 두고자 한다. IoT 관련 센서 등에서 접근하는 방식이 아니라 콜드체인의 다양한 이해관계자들이 만족하면서 활용 할 수 있는 고부가가치 서비스를 디자인이 해결할 수 있는 가이드라인을 제시하고 또한 디자인을 활용하여 온도를 지켜야 하는 신선식품, 의약품, 화훼등 다양한 분야에서 응용 가능한 온도관리 신선배송 패키지 솔루션을 개발하는데 가이드 자료로 활용되도록 기여하고자 한다.

환경오염물질 배출 사업장에서는 환경오염 물질 배출에 대한 규제에 대응하고 나아가 자체적인 환경오염 물질 배출 개선을 위한 환경 모니터링 시스템 운영이 필수적이다. 현재 환경관리공단에서는 일정 규모 이상의 사업장을 대상으로 TMS(Tele Metering System)를 설치하여 전국적으로 환경오염 배출 물질을 실시간 감시 중에 있으며, 환경오염 배출 기준치 초과 시에는 예･경보를 발생시키도록 대처하고 있다. 그러나 기존 대부분의 환경 모니터링 시스템들은 환경 배출 물질 초과 발생 시 원인 분석 기능이 없고 특정 측정 장소(굴뚝 상단의 배출구나 특정 수질 측정소 등)에서의 환경오염 물질 농도 데이터만 활용하고 있다. 특히 이력이 제대로 관리되지 않기 때문에 유사 문제 혹은 동일한 문제 발생 시에도 즉각적인 조치가 이루어지지 못한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 환경 모니터링 시스템의 한계점을 적극 보완하여 개선된 시스템을 기획하며, IoT 센싱 기술을 기반으로 하여 실시간으로 사업장 내 이상 상황을 인지하고 원인을 분석하여 해당 조치를 작업자에게 즉각적으로 지원하는 원스톱 환경 모니터링 및 감시 진단 시스템을 개발하고자 한다.

Nowadays, wireless sensor network applications have been used in several important areas, such as healthcare, construction, critical infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and manufacturing. However, due to the limitation of WSNs in terms of memory, energy, computation, and scalability, efficient management of the large number of WSNs data in these areas is an important issue to deal with. There is a need for a high-performance computing and massive storage infrastructure for real-time processing and storing of the data as well as analysis of the information. In this paper, we present a technology and application of sensor cloud computing based on IoT and service to manage monitoring sensor data for the f construction design-build projects. With this IoT sensor cloud platform, the entire project participants can efficiently share information to identify and solve issues in the design build phase.