본 연구에 이용되는 국내 재래 흑염소는 유전적 자원을 보존하고 품종을 유지하기 위하여 소규모 집단에서 고도의 근친교배를 수행하고 있어 유전적 자질의 다양성이 저해되고 있을 것으로 우려되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 재래흑염소 경상대계통 집단의 유전체 정보를 활용하여 재래흑염소 집단의 유전적 특성과 유효집단의 크기를 추정하고자 실시하였다. 국내 재래 흑염소의 유전체 정보는 Illumina Goat SNP 50k chip (illumina, inc., San Diego, CA)의 정보를 분석하여 연구에 이용하였다. 각 염색체의 인접 표지인자 와의 연관불평형 (Linkage Disequilibrium)은 0.225로 추정이 되었다. 또한, 표지인자 사이의 거리가 증가함에 따라 연관불평형의 값은 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 재래 흑염소의 유효집단크기는 최근의 세대로 오는 경우 감소하는 추세를 보였으며, 13세대에서 유효집단의 크기는 29두로 추정되었다. 재래 흑염소 경상대계통은 낮은 연관불평형 값과 유효집단 크기를 보여 유전적 자원의 다양성이 낮을 것으로 보이며, 이를 해결하기 위한 계획적인 교배와 품종 집단의 크기를 키우기 위한 대책이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The aim of this study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity and relationships of Korean native black goat (n = 58), compared with the exotic breed, Boer (n = 97). For the analysis of genetic characterization 11 microsatellite markers (MAF065, INRA063, CSRD247, OarFCB20, SRCRSP5, INRA006, ILSTS008, ILSTS011, INRA005, ILSTS087, SRCRSP8) were genotyped. The number of alleles was observed 3 (INRA005) to 10 (SRCRSP8) each markers. The mean expected and observed heterozygosity (Hexp and Hobs) and polymorphism information content (PIC) for the Korean native black goat breed varied from 0.551 to 0.860, 0.517 to 0.948 and 0.464 to 0.835, respectively. Principal Components Analysis (PCoA) and FCA results showed that Korean native black goat breed was confirmed to be clearly separated from bore breed. These results were scientific evidence that Korean native black goat represents a unique and valuable animal genetic resource.

The aim of this research was to investigate the anatomical location of muscles and their meat quality traits, including muscle pH, water-holding capacity, meat color, tenderness, and sarcomere length, of Korean native black goat(KNBG). Five male KNBGs of 18 months of age were slaughtered and four major muscles-longissimus dorsi(LD), psoas major(PM), semimembranosus (SM), and gluteus medius(GM)-were sampled to determine proximate analysis and meat quality traits. There were no significant(p>0.05) differences in chemical components among the four muscles. The water-holding capacity(WHC) of the four muscles was significantly(p<0.05) affected by muscle type, although the pHu and meat color were not significantly(p>0.05) different among the four muscles. The Warner-Bratzler shear force of PM(4.07 kg/㎠) was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of SM(5.57 kg/㎠) muscle. In addition, the sarcomere length of PM(1.99 ㎛) was significantly(p<0.05) longer than that of SM(1.72 ㎛) and LD (1.76 ㎛). Results suggest that the lower shear force of PM muscle is due to its longer sarcomere length.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate amino acids and mineral compositions of the four major muscles (LD: longissimus dorsi, PM: psoas major, SM: semimembranosus, and GM: gluteus medius) from Korean native black goat (KNBG). Five uncastrated male KNBGs of 36 months of age were commercially slaughtered and the four muscles were sampled to determine concentrations of myoglobin, collagen, amino acids and minerals. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in myoglobin and collagen content among the four muscles. Myoglobin content of PM was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of SM and GM. Collagen content of SM was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of LD. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in cystine and leucine concentrations among the four muscles, and PM had the highest concentrations of the two amino acids compared to other muscles (p<0.05). Also, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in K, P, Mg and Fe contents among the four muscles from KNBG. PM had the highest mineral content while the lowest mineral content was observed in LD. In addition, Fe contents of PM and GM were higher than those of LD and SM (p<0.05). These results indicated that amino acids and mineral content vary considerably with the anatomical location of muscles of Korean native black goat.

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period(1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor(hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period (1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.