The brake system drives the vehicle by converting the kinetic energy into thermal energy. The heat energy generated during the braking process increases the temperature of the structure. It causes thermal deformation due to overheating and causes cracks, noise, and vibration that degrade performance. However, it is not possible to fundamentally prevent the temperature rise of the brakes. There is a need for research on improving the heat dissipation performance by improving the shape of the brake. Therefore, this study analyzed the concentrated stress caused by overheating of the brake disc. In order to improve the performance of the disk, shape optimization design was performed. For stress and thermal analysis, the analysis was conducted using the finite element program ANSYS Transient Thermal and Structural tools. PIAnO (Process Integration and Design Optimization) was used to perform optimal design. In the formulation of the optimum design, the stress was minimized by satisfying the constraints. This study intends to present a new brake disc model by performing perforated shape and arrangement.

In the modern industrial period, the introduction of mass production was most important progress in civilization. Die-casting process is one of main methods for mass production in the modern industry. The aluminum die-casting in the mold filling process is very complicated where flow momentum is the high velocity of the liquid metal. Actually, it is almost impossible in complex parts exactly to figure the mold filling performance out with the experimental knowledge. The aluminum die-castings are important processes in the automotive industry to produce the lightweight automobile bodies. Due to this condition, the simulation is going to be more critical role in the design procedure. Simulation can give the best solution of a casting system and also enhance the casting quality. The cost and time savings of the casting layout design are the most advantage of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE).. Generally, the relations of casting conditions such as injection system, gate system, and cooling system should be considered when designing the casting layout. Due to the various relative matters of the above conditions, product defects such as defect extent and location are significantly difference. In this research by using the simulation software (AnyCasting), CAE simulation was conducted with three layout designs to find out the best alternative for the casting layout design of an automotive Oil Pan_BJ3E. In order to apply the simulation results into the production die-casting mold, they were analyzed and compared carefully. Internal porosities which are caused by air entrapments during the filling process were predicted and also the results of three models were compared with the modifications of the gate system and overflows. Internal porosities which are occurred during the solidification process are predicted with the solidification analysis. And also the results of the modified gate system are compared.

A most important progress in civilization was the introduction of mass production. One of main methods for mass production is die-casting molds. Due to the high velocity of the liquid metal, aluminum die-casting is so complex where flow momentum is critical matter in the mold filling process. Actually in complex parts, it is almost impossible to calculate the exact mold filling performance with using experimental knowledge. To manufacture the lightweight automobile bodies, aluminum die-castings play a definitive role in the automotive part industry. Due to this condition in the design procedure, the simulation is becoming more important. Simulation can make a casting system optimal and also elevate the casting quality with less experiment. The most advantage of using simulation programs is the time and cost saving of the casting layout design. For a die casting mold, generally, the casting layout design should be considered based on the relation among injection system, casting condition, gate system, and cooling system. Also, the extent or the location of product defects was differentiated according to the various relations of the above conditions. In this research, in order to optimize the casting layout design of an automotive Oil Pan_BR2E, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed with three layout designs by using the simulation software (AnyCasting). The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the filling process with three models, internal porosities caused by air entrapments were predicted and also compared with the modification of the gate system and overflows. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities occurring during the solidification process were predicted and also compared with the modified gate system.

For a die casting mold, generally, the casting layout design should be considered based on the relation among injection system, casting condition, gate system, and cooling system. Also, the extent or the location of product defects was differentiated according to the various relations of the above conditions. In this research, in order to optimize the casting layout design of an automotive Oil Pan_DX2E, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed with two layout designs by using the simulation software (AnyCasting). The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the filling process with two models, internal porosities caused by air entrapments were predicted and also compared with the modification of the gate system and overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities occurring during the solidification process were predicted and also compared with the modified gate system.

When manufacturing die casting mold, generally, the casting layout design should be considered based on the relation among injection system, casting condition, gate system, and cooling system. Also, the extent or the location of product defects was differentiated according to the various relations of the above conditions. In this research, in order to optimizing casting layout design of an automobile part (Oil Pan_DX2E) Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed with two layout designs by using the simulation software (AnyCasting). The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the mold filling with two models, internal porosities caused by air entrap were predicted and also compared by the modification of the gate system and the configuration of overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities caused by the solidification shrinkage were predicted and also compared by the modification of the gate system.

To ensure that the production system of a factory is efficient, the factory layout design should consider the location and material flow plans of facilities, workshops, and storage areas. Highly productive factories need to have an optimized layout planning process, and a customized design methodology of the production system is a necessity for feasible layout planning. This paper presents a method for designing a layout module's size and shape and provides a heuristic location-allocation algorithm for the modules. The method is implemented and validated using a rich internet application-based platform. The layout design method is based on the leisure ship production process; this method can be used for designing the layout of a new factory or remodeling an existing factory and its production system. In contrast to existing layout methods, the inputs required for the proposed method, such as target products, production processes, and human-resource plans, are simple. This layout design method provides a useful solution for the initial stage of factory design.

When manufacturing die casting mold, generally, the casting layout design should be considered based on the relation among injection system, casting condition, gate system, and cooling system. Also, the extent or the location of product defects was differentiated according to the various relations of the above conditions. In this research, in order to optimizing casting layout design of an automobile part (Oil Pan_DX2E) Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed with two layout designs by using the simulation software (AnyCasting). The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the mold filling with two models, internal porosities caused by air entrap were predicted and also compared by the modification of the gate system and the configuration of overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities caused by the solidification shrinkage were predicted and also compared by the modification of the gate system.

To date, facility layout problems has been solved and applied for job shop situations. Since flow shop has more restrictions, the solution space is much smaller than job shop. An efficient heuristic algorithm for facility layout problems for flow shop lay

Overhead facility design problem(OFDP) is one of the shortest rectilinear flow network problem(SRFNP)[4]. Genetic algorithm(GA), artificial immune system(AIS), population management genetic algorithm (PM) and greedy randomized adaptive search procedures (GRASP) were introduced to solve OFDP. A path matrix formed individual was designed to represent rectilinear path between each facility. An exchange crossover operator and an exchange mutation operator were introduced for OFDP. Computer programs for each algorithm were constructed to evaluate the performance of algorithms. Computation experiments were performed on the quality of solution and calculations time by using randomly generated test problems. The average object value of PM was the best of among four algorithms. The quality of solutions of AIS for the big sized problem were better than those of GA and GRASP. The solution quality of GRASP was the worst among four algorithms. Experimental results showed that the calculations time of GRASP was faster than any other algorithm. GA and PM had shown similar performance on calculation time and the calculation time of AIS was the worst.

The analysis of an art trend in the principle dimension starts by observing the object of work in the perspective of formative composition and recognizing it as a universal system. It can be said that it is consistent with an interpretation method for a form theory of formal history by Heinrich Wölfflin, a leading form critic in art criticism. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out what are the formative principles in Renaissance Classicism as a design principle to be applicable to modern fashion by reviewing the formative characteristics of Renaissance Classicism Architecture with which Wölfflin directly dealt. As for the theoretical literature review, I used Wölfflin's theoretical framework and looked at the Renaissance Classicism Architecture that he studied and examined the possibility of utilizing his theory as a layout principle and the characteristics. As for analysis of design cases, I applied the aforementioned architecture layout principle to modern fashion and conducted case study analysis to delve into distinctive layout principles found in fashion. The study showed that the Renaissance Classicism Architectural Style is marked by linearity, planarity, closing and multiple unity: linearity was expressed in the observation form in fixed frontal view and an emphasis on a tangible silhouette homeogenous and definite line structures; planarity was achieved in the form of paralleled layers of frontal view element, planarity style, and identical and proportional repetition of various sizes.; closing signified the pursuit of complete and clear regularity, and architecture developed in a constructive phase through organizational inevitability and absolute invariability.; multiple unity was expressed in self-completedness and independent parallel of discrete forms and harmony of emphasized individual elements in a totality. Applying these layout characteristics of the Renaissance Classicism Architectural style and to see their individual expressive features, I found out that in adopting layout principles of the Renaissance Classicism Architecture to modern fashion, it turned out to be an emphasis of individual silhouettes, a flattened space, completed objects, organic harmony among independent parts: the emphasis of individual silhouettes was expressed in individual definitiveness of formative lines of clothes in accordance with body joints and an emphasis on formative lines of clothes; the flattened space was marked by single layer structure, planarity of elements of clothes, and listing arrangement by appropriate proportion.; the completedness of the objects was expressed by the stationary state where overall image is fixed, the construction of homogeneous and complete space, and absolute inevitability of internal layout in proportion; lastly, organic harmony of independent parts was stressed in independent completedness of each detail, and organic harmony of the whole. The expressive features would lead to a unique expression style of linear emphasis, proportion, constructive forms, and two-dimensional arrangement. The meaning of this study is follows: The characteristics of art school of thought are given shape by appling & analysing the architectural layout principles of historical art school of thought to modern fashion in the view point of formal construction dimension. The applied possibility of historical art school of thought as the source of inspiration about the fashion design is extended.

This paper addresses the facility layout problem in multi-bay environments, where the bays are connected at one or both ends by an inter-bay material handling system In most previous studies, the main concern is to allocate facilities or departments to th

The cut tree approach of Montreuil and Ratliff [16] and eigenvector approach [10] are used to automatically draw a feasible facility layout with aisle structure. The department arrangement can minimize an aisle distance criterion considering door location

본 연구의 제 1보에서는 꽃문양 스카프 디자인의 두 레이아웃 변인 (모티브 크기와 반복 배열 방식)의 변화에 따른 소비자 감성을 실증적으로 분석하고,이러한 분석결과를 시장현황 조사 결과와 비교함으로써 꽃문양 스카프 디자인의 레이아웃에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 제 2보네서는 제 1보의 결과를 토대로 하여, 소비자의 감성을 만족시키는 꽃문양 스카프 디자인을 위한 지침과 디자인의 프로토타입을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 꽃문양 스카프 디자인의 레이아웃 기법이 감성에 미치는 효과에 대하여 실증적으로 접근함으로써, 스카프 디자인에 있어 레이아웃 기법 전개에 관련된 실증적 지표를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 사변적 또는 미학적 접근이 주류를 이루었던 기존의 스카프 디자인 연구 분야에 새로운 접근방법을 제시함으로써 최근 주목받고 있는 감성과학 이론이 섬유 제품 디자인 개발에 유용한 방편으로 적용될 수 있는가에 관한 가능성을 타진하였다.

하나의 콘텐츠를 여러 디바이스에서 동일하게 사용하고 싶은 편리함에 대한 요구는 디스플레이 종류에 따라 화면의 크기를 자동으로 최적화하는 웹페이지 기술인 반응형 웹을 탄생시켰다. 유행의 속도가 빠른 한국은 IT기술의 사용 속도 면에서도 세계 어느 나라보다도 빠른 변화를 경험하고 있으며, 2010년 에단 마코트(Ethan Marcotte)에 의해 소개된 반응형 웹의 기 술은 이미 한국에서 상용화 되고 있다. 하지만 반응형 웹의 제작에 대한 표준화된 가이드나 개발 모델은 아직 미비하며, 제작 면에서도 표준화된 프로세스 보다는 제작자 개개인의 역량에 의존한 개발의 성격이 강한 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 반 응형 웹의 대표적 오픈 플랫폼인 부트스트랩(Bootstrap)의 사례를 기반으로 하여 반응형 웹의 그리드 시스템을 분석하고, 황금비율과 유동형 레이아웃을 중심으로 반응형 웹의 그리드 시스템 모델을 제안하였다. 늘어나는 수요와 중요성에도 불구 하고 관련 연구와 프로세스 표준화 작업이 부족한 반응형 웹의 제작환경에서, 프레임워크인 부트스트랩의 그리드 시스템은 반응형 웹 제작의 프로세스 표준화 작업에 좋은 선행연구 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한, 현재 서비스 중인 사이 트인 ‘클라우드 제트(Cloud Z)’에 대한 사례분석은, 부트스트랩을 사용하여 제작되는 반응형 웹 사이트가 현장에서 고객의 요구사항과 어떻게 조율되는지 대한 실제적인 사례라는 점에서 의미 있는 자료로 보여 진다.

울산신항의 평면배치계획은 1995년 4월 전국항만기본계획고시 당시에 반영되어졌으며, 1997년 5월 신항만 예정지역지정 및 신항만건설기본계획이 수립되었고, 1999년 3월 울산신항 건설 기본계획 및 예정지역이 고시되었다. 기본계획 수립후 IMF등 국내여건변화로 인하여 울산신항 개발이 지연되었으나, 2004년 남방파제 건설을 시작으로 현재 남항지역 안벽 9선석 개발이 진행중에 있으며, 북항지역은 북방파제 1, 2공구가 착공하였고 3공구는 2011년 착공예정에 있다. 당초 울산신항의 평면배치계획시 적용된 심해파랑은 1988년 보고된 “해역별 심해파 추정(수산청)”자료이며, 주 파향은 S계열이고 6.4m~7.9m 정도의 파고분포를 적용하여 계획되었다. 2005년 12월 “전해역 심해설계파 추정보고서”에 의해 심해파가 재추정 되면서 울산신항의 주 파향이 SE~E계열의 다방향으로 바뀌었으며, 파고 또한 3.0m이상 상향되어 기존에 수립되었던 평면배치로는 항내정온도 확보가 불가능하게 되었다. 현재 울산신항은 북방파제 1,2공구가 시공중으로 방파제의 평면배치계획 변경이 불가능하였고, 항내정온도 확보를 위하여 울산신항의 평면배치계획이 변경되었다. 이에 수리모형실험을 통해 심해설계파 상향에 따른 울산신항의 평면배치계획을 검토하였다.

In this paper the order picking problem in warehouses is considered, a topic which has received considerable attention from the international academic body in recent years. The order picking problem deals with the retrieval of order items from prespecified locations in the warehouse, and its objective is usually the minimization of travel time or travel distance. Hence, a well-thought order picking policy in combination with an appropriate storage policy will enhance warehouse efficiency and reduce operational costs. This paper starts with a literature overview summarizing approaches to routing order pickers, assigning stock-keeping units to pick locations and designing warehouse layouts. Since the layout design might affect both storage and routing policies, the three factors are interdependent with respect to order picking performance. To test these interdependencies, a simulation experiment was set up, involving two types of warehouse layout, four types of storage policy, five well-known heuristics and five sizes of order picking list. Our results illustrate that from the point of view of order picking distance minimization it is recommended to equip the warehouse with a third cross aisle, although this comes at the cost of a certain space loss. Additionally, we propose a set of most appropriate matches between order picking heuristics and storage policies. Finally, we give some directions for further research and recommend an integrated approach involving all factors that affect warehouse efficiency.