This study explored the changes in senescence patterns and vase life of cut roses grown in summer and autumn, aiming to identify the relationship between harvest seasons and flower longevity. We analyzed gene expression profiles associated with lignin, pectin, ethylene, auxin, and sucrose transport to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying senescence symptoms, such as the bent neck, petal abscission, and petal wilting in cut rose flowers. Our results revealed season-dependent occurrences of bent neck and petal abscission, with higher incidence rates in autumn-harvested rose flowers. These increases in bent neck and petal abscission contributed to a shortened vase life for the cut flowers. Gene expression analysis indicated that elevated levels of ethylene biosynthesis genes and reduced expression of lignin, pectin biosynthesis, auxin response factor, and sucrose transport genes accelerated the increased senescence symptoms. Notably, the incidence rates of the bent neck were highly negatively correlated with the transcript levels of key genes involved in lignin and pectin biosynthesis, RhPRXPX and RhGAUT1, in pedicels. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular factors influencing the mechanical strength of flower pedicels and provide insights for postharvest strategies to enhance the ornamental value of cut flowers across seasons.

The environment has increasingly attracted attention and fashion brands need to use new growth models by developing eco-friendly products, along with the drastic climate change. This study drew design guidelines from the factors of clothing disposal and reuse to propose ways to extend the longevity of clothing. It sets the design goals for the longevity extension of clothing as flexibility, originality, durability, and adjustability and drew a specific design guideline. The design methods used to achieve such goals are as follows. First, the design that is flexible in terms of physical changes needs to increase its activity and to be changeable, by applying pleats, rubber bands and elastic materials to the parts with many physical changes and movements. Second, it is necessary to reinforce the brand identity, create design that is flexible in terms of fashion and design very rare and attractive products, for the goal of original design beyond fashion. Third, it is necessary to increase the quality of clothing and improve the durability which can be decreased by washing and wearing. Fourth, it is necessary to create the design that can produce various styles, preserve the state of clothing and maintain its hygienic conditions by using removable detailed designs, shape-transformation designs and the designs which can be adjusted to climate changes and states, for the goal of adjustable design with better functionality. The findings provide ideas for fashion experts to pay more attention to the extending the longevity of clothing products and to develop eco-friendly designs and strategies.

본 연구에서는 주요 발생지인 구례 지역의 산수유, 때죽나무를 중심으로 2018년 8월에서 9월 사이에 갈색날개매미충 월동 난괴를 채집하여 날개매미충알벌(phanuromyia spp.)의 온도별(15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃) 발육기간, 수명 및 우화 후 15일간의 총 산란수를 조사하였다. 날개매미충알벌의 발육기간은 25℃에서 알 2.6일, 유충 5.4일, 번데기 15.0일, 30℃에서 알 1.9일, 유충 7.6일, 번데기 13.7일이 소요되었다. 날개매미충알벌 성충의 온도별 수명은 15℃에서 암컷 77.4일, 수컷 66.6일, 20℃에서 암컷 49.0일, 수컷 44.0일, 25℃에서 암컷 27.6일 수컷 28.4일, 30℃에서 암컷 18.0일, 수컷 14.0일로 암수 모두 사육온도가 높아질수록 수명이 짧아졌으며 15℃와 30℃에서만 암수 수명의 차이가 있었다. 또한 온도별 총 산란 수는 15℃를 제외한 나머지 세 가지 사육온도에서 산란 수 차이는 없었으나 25℃에서 평균 23.2개로 가장 높았다.

본 연구에서는 세 가지 온도(20, 25, 30℃)에서 꼬마남생이무당벌레의 생물적 특성을 조사하였다. 복숭아혹진딧물 약충을 먹이로 사육한 꼬마남생이무당벌레 암컷의 성충기간은 20, 25, 30℃에서 각각 134.0, 101.0, 55.2일이었고, 총 산란수는 각각 508.6, 875.6, 383.4개였고, 수 컷의 성충기간은 각각 128.8, 97.8 및 46.5일이었다. 25℃에서 꼬마남생이무당벌레의 1령, 2령, 3령, 4령, 수컷 및 암컷의 복숭아혹진딧물 성충 의 일일 평균포식량은 각각 2.2, 7.3, 14.5, 29.1, 35.0 및 42.9마리이었고, 목화진딧물 성충의 일일 평균포식량은 각각 2.2, 7.5, 13.9, 29.5, 37.0 및 40.8마리이었다.

벼의 Lipoxygenase-3 (LOX-3)는 벼의 저장 후 종자 수명과 고미취 발생에 관련이 있다. LOX-3 결핍은 저장 후 종자수명 향상과 고미취 발생 저감에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 국내 대면적 재배 품종인 새누리의 근동질계통으로 LOX-3가 결핍된 전주624호의 고온 저장 후 종자 수명과 고미취 관련 특성을 분석함으로써 LOX-3 결핍 대립유전자 도입에 따른 저장 후 효과를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 건열 처리 및 고온 저장 후 발아율 검정에서 LOX-3 결핍 자원인 다우담과 전주624호가 LOX-3 보유 품종인 남평과 새누리에 비해 발아율이 높았다. 고온 저장 후 지방산가 함량은 저장 전후 모두 전주624호가 가장 낮았고, 함량 차이는 다우담(2.0 KOH mg/100g), 전주624호(2.2), 남평(4.0), 새누리(4.2) 순으로 LOX-3 결핍 자원이 LOX-3 보유 품종에 비해 적었다. 고온 저장 후 LOX 효소 활성은 저장 전후 모두 다우담이 가장 낮았고, 활성 차이는 다우담(4.8 unit/mg protein), 전주 624호(8.9), 남평(20.30), 새누리(22.72) 순으로 LOX-3 결핍자원이 LOX-3 보유 품종에 비해 적었다. 고온 저장 후 hexanal 함량은 저장 전후 모두 전주624호가 가장 낮았고, 함량 차이는 전주624호(1,333 peak), 다우담(1,839), 새누리(5,238), 남평(36,427) 순으로 LOX-3 결핍 자 원이 LOX-3 보유 품종에 비해 적었다. 전주624호는 새누리 유전 배경에 LOX-3가 결핍된 근동질계통으로 저장 후 종자 수명 향상과 고미취 저감효과가 확인되었다. 이를 통해 LOX-3 결핍 대립유전자의 도입은 저장 후 종자 수명 향상과 고미취 저감에 효과가 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

집박쥐 (Pipistrellus abramus)는 인간의 주거 지역을 중심으로 서식하는 대표적인 종으로, 우리나라에 광범위하게 분포하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 박쥐류가 유사한 크기의 다른 포유동물보다 상대적으로 긴 수명을 가지는 것에 반하여 집박쥐는 매우 짧은 수명을 가지는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 지금까지 집박쥐의 장기 수명에 관한 내용으로는 암컷 5년, 수컷 3년의 확인 기록이 전부였다. 그러나 본 연구자들은 284개체에 대한 밴딩을 통하여 지금까지 알려진 집박쥐의 최대 수명보다 2배 이상 생존한 개체를 재포획 하였으며, 그 결과를 정리하였다. 집박쥐는 인간의 생활권과 가장 밀접한 종으로 서식지의 환경은 본 종의 수명에 직접적인 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 향후 서식지 환경에 따른 수명과의 연계성에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되며, 본 자료는 집박쥐의 장기 생존과 수명에 관한 국내 첫 보고로써 향후 박쥐의 수명에 관한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

Sow longevity is important for efficient and profitable pig farming. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in social genetic effect (SGE) of pigs on stress-tolerance and behavior. The present study aimed to estimate genetic correlations among average daily gain (ADG), stayability (STAY), and number of piglets born alive at the first parity (NBA1) in Korean Yorkshire pigs, using the SGE model. The phenotypic records of ADG and reproductive traits of 33,120 and 11,654 pigs, respectively, were evaluated. The direct effect on ADG had a significantly negative genetic relationship with STAY, whereas the social effect on ADG had a neutral genetic relationship. In addition, the genetic correlation between the social effects on ADG and NBA1 tended to be positive, unlike the direct effects. The genetic correlation of the total effect on ADG with that of STAY was negative but non-significant, owing to the social effect. These results suggested that total genetic effect on growth in the SGE model might reduce the negative effect on sow longevity owing to the growth potential of pigs. We recommend including social effects as selection criteria in breeding programs to obtain satisfactory genetic changes in both growth and longevity.

Riptortus pedestris is one of economically important insect pests in soybean fields. The study was conducted at six constant temperatures of 15.8, 19.7, 24.0, 27.8, 32.6 and 35.5℃. We investigated the biological traits of R. pedestris adults. R. pedestris adults survived at all temperatures tested but female did not oviposit under 15.8℃. The longevity of R. pedestris male was longer than that of female. Oviposition model was constructed using nonlinear functions and the number of eggs produced by a cohort of females was estimated in relation to constant temperature and adult age. The life table parameters in relation to temperature were analyzed.

Clothing longevity supports sustainability, but the paper questions the implementation of this strategy. The research, based on industry and expert experiences, posits the technical possibility of achieving longer-lasting clothing, but identifies norms of agency and interaction within the global clothing supply chain as factors limiting the business case and processes.

There is little information about the seed longevity of wild plants, although seed bank storage is an important tool for biodiversity conservation. This study was conducted to predict the seed viability equation of Agastache rugosa. The A. rugosa seeds were stored at moisture contents ranging from 2.7 to 12.5%, and temperatures between 10 and 50℃. Viability data were fitted to the seed viability equation in a one step and two step approach. The A. rugosa seeds showed orthodox seed storage behaviour. The viability constants were KE=6.9297, CW=4.2551 CH=0.0329, and CQ=0.00048. The P85 of A. rugosa seeds was predicted to 152 years under standard seed bank conditions. The P85 predicted by seed viability equation can be used as basic information for optimization of seed storage processes.

Asitic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura, is an important pest in apple orchard, however its reproductive characteristics and seasonal adaption is poorly understood. The longevity and fecundity of P. ringoniella were investigated at seven constant temperatures (13.7, 15.6, 20.5, 23.7, 26.1, 30.2, and 32.3℃), 60-80% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Female adult longevity increased as the temperature decreased. The highest fecundity was obtained at 15.6℃ (65.2 eggs/female), and the fecundity decreased as temperature increased. The oviposition model were comprised by four components: adult aging rate model, total fecundity model, age-specific oviposition rate model, and age-specific survival rate model. Female adult aging rates were well described by an inverse second-order polynomial function and the total fecundity model was well described by an extreme value function. Age-specific cumulative oviposition rate was well fitted to a three-parameter Weibull function and age-specific survival rate to a sigmoid function, respectively. The model would be useful in developing population model for P. ringoniella and establishing management strategy against P. ringoniella in apple orchards.

Protein and carbohydrate are the two most important macronutrients that have profound impacts on fitness and demography in most insects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary protein:carbohydrate (P:C) balance and mating status on feeding behavior, longevity and fecundity in male and female mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In the first experiment, we measured the amount of protein and carbohydrate consumed by mated and unmated beetles of both sexes. Newly emerged beetles were allowed to mate for 24 h before they were simultaneously provided with two nutritional imbalanced but complementary synthetic diets (P:C =1:5 vs. 5:1) for 24 successive days. Mated females not only consumed significantly more nutrients but also exhibited a greater preference for protein than did mated males and unmated controls. In the second experiment, we determined longevity and fecundity from a total of 120 male and female beetles that were confined to feed on one of three no-choice foods differing in P:C balance (P:C=1:5,1:1 or5:1) throughout their entire lives. Fecundity was recorded as the total number of eggs laid by individual females until death. Both male and female beetles lived significantly longer and laid more eggs over the lifetime on a balanced diet (1:1) than on the two imbalance diets (1:5 and 5:1), suggesting that the Darwinian fitness was maximized when the diet was equally balanced in protein and carbohydrate. Mated male and female beetles had a shorter longevity compared to their unmated counterparts, indicating that there was a significant survival cost to mating in this insect.

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in older Korean women. A total of 340 women aged 65 to 74 were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. They were categorized into two groups according to bone status by T-score : a nonosteoporotic group and an osteoporotic group. Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment (MNA). The results are as follows: The mean age of 185 nonosteoporotic women was 69.6 years and that of 155 osteoporotic women was 70.9 years (p<0.001). The mean T-score of the nonosteoporotic group was －1.5 mg/cm3 and that of theosteoporotic group was －3.2 mg/cm3 (p<0.001). Height and body weight in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in BMI, although the BMI in the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher. Waist and hip circumferences in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.01, respectively), and the mid upper arm and calf circumferences were also significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The 5 m walking ability was significantly superior compared to the osteoporotic group. Serum levels did not show any significant differences between the groups and were within normal range. The serum total protein, albumin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) levels of the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). IGF was 104.7 ng/mL for the nonosteoporotic group and 88.1 ng/mL for the osteoporotic group. Physical activity and appetite in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The favorite food groups of the nonosteoporotic group comprised more meats and fish than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, respectively). Nutrient intake was not significantly different, with the exception of niacin intake (p<0.05), but the nutrient intake of the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher than that of the osteoporotic group. The niacin intake of the nonosteoporotic group and the osteoporotic group were 11.4 mgNE and 10.0 mgNE, corresponding to 103.6% and 90.9% of the Korean EAR, respectively. The MNA score of the nonosteoporotic group was significantly more favorable than for the osteoporotic group. In conclusion, it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight and muscle mass. Habitual physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD for older women. Dietary factors, such as meat and fish, higher intake of niacin rich foods and nutrient status for older women also appear to have favorable effects on bone mineral density.

Finding the origin of life-centrism in East Asia, especially a longevity, you can find a harmony of the nature and mankind in Ancient Chinese myth and rarity about a idea of afterlife. In Chinese important trend, Confucianism and Taoism, their attitude to life shows a life-centrism. Confucianists' final aim at life is remaning their name in real life, so they don't care about afterlife. They put emphasis on the immortal fame and the happiness, comport in life. Taoists think the lifespan is the absolute objective because they believe the penalty for faults is lifetime shortening. The Ten Traditional Symbols of Longevity is a group of the long life stuff symbolize the longevity. The first record of them appeared in the royal paintings in Goryeo Dynasty. These symbols used in the folding screen, windows and doors in palace and expand to ordinary people because of the development of commerce after the 18th century. After that, symbols have widespread popular support so appear in the folding screen, woodcraft and embroidery. The Ten Traditional Symbols of Longevity describes the hermit's world, it contains the real organisms of sky, underwater and land. Symbols are the combination of objection to life, desire of longevity and transcendence in life. They show us the concentration of real life.

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

벼의 형태적·생태적 특성을 나타내는 주두색, 망색, 영색,종피색, 입장 및 입폭과 생태적 특성을 나타내는 종실의 탈립성, 배유형, 원산지 및 종실 건조특성이 4oC 저장고에 보존된벼 3,066점의 종자수명에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 그들의 상관관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 벼 종자의 탈립성과 저장력과의 관계는 고도로 유의한(p<0.0001)정의 상관관계를 보였다. 탈립성이 강한 벼 종자일수록 종자수명이 길게 나타났다.2. 벼 종자의 입장이 길고, 입폭이 좁은 것일수록 종자수명이 길었다. 입장이 길고 입폭인 좁은 종자의 건조 특성은 같은 상대습도 조건에서 건조될 때 종자의 평형수분함량이 낮게나타났다. 3. 망색과 종자 저장력의 관계에 있어서 자주색 망을 가진자원이 종자수명이 긴 것으로 조사되었다.4. 종자 저장력에 영향을 끼치는 벼의 형태적·생태적 특성의 상대적 중요도는 탈립성이 50.2로 가장 컸고, 이어서 입장과 망색이 각각 21.9와 7.7로 분석되었다.