Neighboring living facilities and commercial housing have increased along with the rapid expansion of the city. However, unlike general apartment complexes and planned cities, most buildings are built on a narrow site in neighborhood living facilities and commercial housing areas, so securing sidewalk blocks, which are pedestrian passages, is insufficient. The water supply fire hydrant installed in such a narrow sidewalk block has become an obstacle to pedestrian traffic. As a result of the survey, 62% of the walking passages in places where water supply fire hydrant (including protective frames) are installed in the sidewalk block were less than 1.5m. The "Rules on Road Structure and Facility Standards" stipulate that the minimum width of the sidewalk block is 2m or more, and the obstacles and effective width of passage are 1.5m or more. In addition, it was confirmed that the protective frame was interfering with the connection of the fire hydrant hose according to the media reports and the actual results of this study. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a space where the water supply fire hydrant can be used smoothly in case of fire and a safe walking passage, and to manufacture a protective frame, establish construction standards, and prepare legal and institutional standards for efficient maintenance.

This study presents a truck classification method using panoramic side-view images to meet the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport’s 12-category standard (types 4–12). The system captures a vehicle’s full side profile via a panoramic imaging device, ensuring complete wheel visibility. A YOLOv12-based deep learning model detects wheels, and image processing extracts their center coordinates. Pixel distances between adjacent wheels are calculated and normalized to determine axle spacing patterns, which, together with wheel count, are applied to a rule-based classifier. Tests on 1,200 real-world panoramic truck images (1,000 for training, 200 for testing) achieved a mean average precision of 96.1% for wheel detection and 90.5% overall classification accuracy. The method offers explainable classification through measurable structural features, supporting applications in smart tolling, road usage billing, overloading enforcement, and autonomous vehicle perception.

The K2 tank not only has excellent mobility but also has excellent protection performance. Armor steel is used to provide structural protection, and the turret structure is made of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) plates. Most processes for fabricating structures involve welding, but RHA steel has the problem of being susceptible to thermal deformation. To compensate for this, a plan to apply the bending method was considered. In this study, prior to applying the bending method to an actual vehicle, mechanical property evaluations were performed on materials, welding, and bending specimens. It has been proven that the bending method can achieve performance equivalent to or better than the welding method. The verification tests included hardness tests, tensile tests, fatigue tests, and impact tests. All tests except the impact test confirmed that the bending method was superior to the welding method. In the case of the impact test, the impact value of the bending method was lower, but it satisfied the standard with a value higher than the minimum requirement according to the standard, so it is judged that there will be no problem in applying the bending method.

This study was carried out in a cold storage chamber with a floor space of roughly 3.3 square meters (1 pyeong). The findings revealed that the hybrid cooling system consumed a comparable amount of electricity to that of the conventional vapor compression system. This similarity in power usage can be attributed to the hybrid system’s operational strategy: thermoelectric modules were selectively activated during periods of frost accumulation, effectively minimizing the energy typically used for electric defrosting in vapor compression units. To advance the commercialization of this hybrid system in cold storage applications, several technical improvements must be considered in addition to cost optimization. First, the design should address the bulky nature of the heat exchanger setup. At present, the vapor compression and thermoelectric modules are housed in separate outdoor units; a more efficient approach would involve integrating them into a single, space-saving unit. Second, incorporating a water mist spray mechanism for the outdoor heat exchanger coil could enhance heat dissipation. This method, which leverages latent heat exchange, has demonstrated strong performance in other applications and merits further investigation for use in the proposed system.

본 연구는 북한이탈주민과 남한 주민의 사회통합을 위한 연구로써 연 구자는 통합적 문헌 고찰 방법으로 접근하여 사회통합에 기여할 수 있는 이론적 통찰과 방법론적 함의를 도출하고자 하는 목적에서 출발했다. 본 연구에서는 총 42편의 논문을 분석했다. 문헌 분석은 북한이탈주민의 법 적 지위와 법제 통합, 외국 사례의 분석과 시사점 연구, 대북지원과 통합 정책 평가와 방향 제시, 사회적 자본과 멘토링 연결망, 북한이탈주민의 동질성 회복 및 공생, 학교 적응과 교육, 차별과 취업 불만, 낙인, 문화 적응과 관계 형성, 소통과 심리적 통일, 포섭과 배제의 연구 문제로 나누 어 분석했다. 연구 결과에 근거하여 북한이탈주민들의 정치적 다양성, 주 체사상의 극복과 새로운 시민으로서의 정체성 재구성, 북한이탈주민들의 문화자본 등에 대한 연구의 필요성과 함께 제3국에 거주하고 있는 북한 이탈주민 여성 자녀들의 문제와 지지방안 수립에 관해 논의했다.

The purpose of this study is to select a fishing gear deposit marking method for the gear deposit system implemented for gillnet. The fishing gear deposit system was implemented in Korea for the first time in the world in January 2024 for fish trap, and it is scheduled to be expanded to gillnets and buoys by 2026. In this study, an AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) survey was conducted with 34 experts. The AHP analysis method was used to calculate the weights of each criterion that influence the selection of the deposit marking method, in order to determine the optimal marking method that considers both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Experts prioritized the label-type marking and preferred the weight-based deposit unit for its ease of application and ability to measure multiple gear widths at once. This study quantitatively reflects the opinions of experts on the selection of the gillnet deposit system. Future research should examine the impact of marking method on fishing performance, durability, and institutional improvements.

The launcher of a hard-kill type APS (Active Protection System) requires rapid and precise driving to aim at incoming threats after detection. High angular acceleration is necessary for rapid driving, which demands high energy consumption. However, the capacity of the capacitor bank and power supply unit is limited due to weight and space constraints. If energy becomes insufficient during continuous operation, the voltage of the capacitor bank can drop below the minimum operating voltage of the drive motor, leading to problems such as torque deficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to determine an allowable angular acceleration that satisfies precision within the available energy and generate a driving profile accordingly. This paper proposes a method for deriving an allowable angular acceleration by analyzing the allowable energy and validates it through simulation. We examined the allowable energy by verifying the charged voltage of the capacitor bank, formulated equations for energy at the point of maximum consumption, and derived an equation for allowable angular acceleration through numerical analysis. By applying the proposed algorithm in simulations, we confirmed that the voltage of the capacitor bank did not drop below the minimum operating voltage of the driving motor during three consecutive operations. Therefore, it is expected that the stability of the APS launcher can be improved by applying the proposed algorithm, and continuous operation with limited performance is anticipated to be possible.

Following the implementation of the Act on the Prevention of Light Pollution Due to Artificial Lighting in 2013, local governments designated lighting environment management zones and conducted assessments of the impacts of light pollution on the environment to ensure compliance with acceptable light emission standards. In addition, according to the Act on the Prevention of Light Pollution Due to Artificial Lighting, local governments conduct and manage light pollution assessments every three years. However, measuring and analyzing during nighttime requires a significant amount of time and labor. Therefore, this research aims to improve the current light pollution environmental impact assessment method by utilizing aerial information from satellite data and establishing a database of light pollution assessment methods, thereby laying the foundation for light pollution management. In this study, a reference light source was installed on the ground, and the luminance measurements of the installed reference light source and the advertising light sources on-site were analyzed to derive brightness values for ground light sources using the optical band (R, G, B) values from aerial information derived from satellite images. The analysis produced predictive equations for light pollution from upward lighting and general advertising lighting. When these equations were applied to residential and commercial areas in the lighting environment management area, the results indicated that the predicted rooftop upward lighting prediction brightness exceeded the acceptable standard of light emission of 800 cd/m2 in residential areas, and the advertisement lighting prediction brightness exceeded the standard of 1,000 cd/m2 in commercial areas.

The focus of this study was on the preparation of a clinoptilolite-based adsorbent, utilizing natural zeolite, to adsorb and remove ammonia (NH3) emitted from various environmental facilities, and to evaluate its performance. To create an adsorbent suitable for humid environments, hydrophobicity was introduced through HCl acid treatment. The impact of acid concentration and treatment time was analyzed to optimize the preparation conditions. As a result, the adsorbent treated with 0.5 M HCl for 2 hours demonstrated the highest NH3 adsorption performance. These findings suggest that the developed adsorbent could serve as an effective solution for controlling NH3 emissions in humid environments, contributing to the mitigation of environmental pollution and odor issues.

This study proposes a steel plate retrofit method and a polyurea method to improve the structural stability and usability of a factory floor slab with a thickness of 120mm. To assess vibration changes, vibrations were measured before and after retrofit. A numerical analysis model was also developed to evaluate improvements in structural safety and usability. The natural frequency increased from 11.4Hz to 17Hz through steel plate reinforcement, confirming an increase in slab stiffness. The damping ratio increased from 2.3% to 3.2% with polyurea reinforcement, indicating improved vibration reduction. Additionally, numerical analysis modeling showed that the natural frequency increased from 13.9Hz to 16.2Hz due to the steel plate reinforcement, enhancing the dynamic characteristics of the floor slab and confirming the reliability of the analysis model.