본 논문은 에너지를 실시간으로 저장할 수 있는 저장장치 중 열에너지 저장 콘크리트를 대상으로 재료의 미세구조와 물성(열전도 도)의 상관관계를 분석하는 연구를 수행하였다. 에너지 저장 콘크리트의 열전도 성능을 증가시키기 위해 혼화재인 그라파이트 (graphite)를 사용하였다. 그라파이트가 시멘트 질량의 10%와 15%를 치환한 시편과 일반 콘크리트(OPC) 시편을 제작하여 그라파이 트의 혼입에 따른 미세구조 변화 및 열전도도의 영향을 마이크로 스케일에서 분석하였다. 마이크로-CT를 활용하여 OPC와 그라파이 트를 사용한 콘크리트의 공극률을 비교하였으며, 확률함수를 사용하여 미세구조 특성을 정량화하였다. 미세구조 특성 차이가 열전도 도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 3차원 가상 시편을 제작하여 열해석을 수행하였으며, 이를 열평판법을 사용하여 측정한 열전도도 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 열해석 수행 시 그라파이트 재료가 지닌 열전도도 성능을 반영하기 위하여 해석 결과와 실험 결과를 기반으 로 고체상의 열전도도를 역해석을 통해 계산하였으며, 그라파이트가 시편의 열전도도에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다.

PURPOSES : In this study, we aimed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of asphalt mixtures by water saturation. METHODS : On the basis of the literature review, the heat transfer characteristics of the samples were analyzed using a thermal accumulation experiment. The types of samples used were WC2 (dense asphalt mixture), ReWC2 (used 30% recycled aggregate), and PA13 (drainage asphalt mixture). The samples were compacted using a gyratory compactor. An infrared lamp simulating insolation was used to continuously heat the asphalt sample. Through this experiment, the upper and lower temperatures and heat flux of the specimen according to its thickness and condition were measured, and the change in its thermal conductivity was analyzed. RESULTS : The results of the laboratory experiment indicated that the dry sample showed lower thermal conductivity than the saturated sample. The amount of evaporation varied depending on the internal pores of the sample. Additionally, the amount of evaporation changed the heat transfer characteristics of the specimen. CONCLUSIONS : An asphalt mixture with high porosity decreased the degree of increase in thermal conductivity, compared to mixtures with low porosity, under semi-saturated conditions; this was attributed to the difference in thermal conductivity between air and water during saturation. The results of this study on the heat transfer characteristics of asphalt pavements could be used as basic data for thermal energy harvesting of asphalt pavements.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to evaluate newly developed Guss mastic asphalt with polymer modifier as a elastomer and a plastomer in to polymer content. METHODS : As polymer modifiers, 10%, 20% of elastomer and 10%, 20% of plastomer, and 10% of elastomer and 10% of plastomer are all added to the binder, and the physical properties of the Guss mastic asphalt mixture with these binders are changed. The properties of mixtures with workability, penetration depth and dynamic stability were compared with the existing Guss mastic asphalt mixture. RESULTS : When using the elastomer and the plastomer, the dynamic stability of the Guss mastic asphalt mixture was improved compared to the conventional asphalt mixture, and when the amount of the elastomer was 20%, the workability was reduced. In addition, when 10% of the elastomer and 10% of the plastomer were used, the workability was not significantly deteriorated and the dynamic stability was increased. CONCLUSIONS : In order to improve the dynamic stability of the Guss mastic asphalt mixture using the polymer-modified binder, it is effective to use an elastomer and a plaststomer.

PURPOSES : This study aims to develop drainage minor-structure materials using asphalt mixtures, and to apply construction methods. METHODS : The AP-5, 120-150A, and 150-200A binders were adopted to select the optimal asphalt binder for the domestic application of asphalt concrete in curb construction. The mixture design of asphalt mixtures has applied the standard for evaluating asphalt curb mixtures in Korea. Test construction utilized asphalt curb equipment to evaluate asphalt mixtures, according to the type of asphalt binder. RESULTS : The results of the asphalt mixture design indicated that the optimum asphalt content was determined at 2–3% air void for each type of asphalt binder, and the quality of the asphalt mixture applied with asphalt curb binder was excellent. In addition, the quality difference was significant, depending on the temperature of the asphalt mixture at each phase of the asphalt curb construction. CONCLUSIONS : Asphalt curb construction using asphalt materials has a large impact on the quality, depending on the temperature of the asphalt mixture, therefore management at the appropriate temperature is important when applying it to the site. Further research is also required on the production, transportation, and dedicated equipment of asphalt mixtures.

The young shoots of Aralia elata, Chaenomeles sinensis fruit and Glycyrrhizae radix are edible and traditionally used as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of an ethanol extract mixture of these three medicinal plants (ACG) against amyloid β protein (Aβ) (25– 35)-induced memory impairment in an ICR mouse model. Memory impairment was induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of 15 nmol Aβ (25–35) and assessed using the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. The step-through latency in the passive avoidance test was decreased and the latency to reach the hidden platform in the Morris water maze test was increased in mice treated with Aβ (25–35), indicating memory impairment. This memory impairment induced by Aβ (25–35) was significantly prevented by chronic treatment with ACG (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o., 8 days). In memory impaired mice brain, cholinesterase activity and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, a lipid peroxidation marker, were increased and glutathione level was decreased. These biochemical changes in Aβ (25–35)-treated mice were reversed by chronic administration of ACG. The present results suggest that antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of ACG might be responsible for the inhibition of Aβ (25– 35)-induced memory impairment and that ACG preparation may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

Spirodelae Herba (SH) and Perilla Frutescens (PF) extracts have been widely used in clinical practice with various disorders for thousands of years. There are some reports regarding the anticancer effects of SH and PF each by each, but their mixture have not been investigated and their mechanisms also have not been clear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anticancer mechanisms and their effects of the mixture of SH and PF extracts on head and neck cancer cell line. Head and neck carcinoma KB cells were treated with SH, PF and their mixture. Anticancer effects were investigated by searching cancer cell death pathway; apoptosis and autophagy, which have been regarded to be effective and safe methods. Apoptosis, which is termed a programmed cell death, was observed by TUNNEL assay. Autophagy, which is termed a type II programmed cell death, was observed by acridine orange red staining. Additionally, the protein expressions associated with apoptosis and autophagy were detected for their mechanism by western blots. The mixture of SH and PF extracts induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death simultaneously in cancer cells. And 0.4 mg/ml of the mixture with SH and PF extracts down-regulated the expression of mTOR, however, the expressions of ATG5 and LC3-II, which induced autophagy, up-regulated. The mixture of SH and PF extracts also down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2, but up-regulate the expressions of PARP-1 cleavage, Caspase-9 cleavage, Caspase-3 cleavage and BAX, which induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggested that the mixture of SH and PF extracts induce autophagic and apoptotic cell death simultaneously in head and neck cancer cells and it could be used as an alternative for anti-cancer drugs.

본 연구에서는 설탕 대체 비율에 따른 알룰로스의 이화학적 특성 변화를 연구하였다. 알룰로스의 설탕 대체비율을 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%로 설정한 후 수분함량, pH, Brix 의 변화를 측정하였다. 설탕 100%를 사용하였을 경우 0.11%로 가장 낮은 수분함량을 나타냈으며, 알룰로스의 함량이 높아질수록 수분함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. pH 는 설탕 100%와 알룰로스 100%를 제외하고 알룰로스 대체에 따른 시료간의 유의적 차이는 없었으며, brix는 알룰 로스의 함량이 높아질수록 낮은 값을 보였다. 상대습도에 따른 흡습량의 정도를 측정한 결과, 모든 실험조건에서 알룰로스 함량이 높아질수록 흡습량이 높아졌으며, 상대습도가 높을수록 흡습량의 증가가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 상대습도가 높고 알룰로스의 함량이 높을수록 흡습이 일어나 는 기간이 긴 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 알룰로스와 설탕의 혼합 비율에 따른 수분함량 및 흡습량의 자료는 앞으로 제빵 공정에 있어서 최종제품의 품질을 결정할 수 있는 기초자료로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합물의 조골세포 분화 활성 및 파골세포 형성 억제를 조사하였다. 차조기와 백출 복합물은 MG-63 세포에서 ALP 활성 및 arlizarin red 염색을 확인하였고 조골세포 형성의 영향은 RAW 264.7 세포에서 TRAP 활성과 TRAP 염색을 진행하였다. 세포 독성 시험에서 차조기와 백출 복합물은 50 ㎍/㎖ 농도 이하에서 안전한 것으로 확인되었다. ALP 활성 및 골석회화 형성 능력은 대조군보다 활성이 낮았으나, 파골세포에서 TRAP 활성을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며, 효과적으로 TRAP(+) 다핵세포를 억제하였다. 따라서 차조기와 백출 복합물은 골 흡수 억제 활성을 향상시켜 뼈 관련 질환의 예방 및 치료에 효과적인 것으로 보여진다.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the visibility of a mixed-color asphalt pavement. METHODS : The visibility was compared and evaluated using a color pavement specimen, i.e., a pigment was added to the asphalt binder, which was used to fabricate a color pavement specimen, with red aggregate as the coarse aggregate, and the resultant difference in visibility was quantitively evaluated. The color asphalt mixture to which the pigment was added was prepared by varying the amount of pigment added — i.e., 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % of the total weight of the mixture — to confirm the change in visibility according to the amount of pigment added. For the color asphalt mixture with color aggregates, red-colored mudstone coarse aggregates(13mm and 10mm) were used. It is assumed that the surface of the produced specimen simulates the initial performance periods and the cut section of the specimen simulates the state of completion of the performance periods. RESULTS : The initial ΔE for the colored pavement exhibited the best visibility of WC-2-R. However, when considering the value of a in the red color pavement, the visibility of SMA13-R and WC-2-R was assessed as best; this is because SMA13-R exhibits a lower color difference than WC-2-R at the beginning of the performance periods but the red color is better. Upon completion of the colored pavement performance periods, the ΔE of each specimen using the SMA13-0C specimen as the reference specimen was high in SMA13-RC and ΔE using the WC-2-0C specimen as the reference specimen was also high in SMA13-RC. In addition, the a value is also higher than that of other mixtures so it is judged that the visibility of SMA13-RC is best when the performance periods are completed. CONCLUSIONS : The a value tended to increase with the increasing amount of pigment added at the beginning of the performance; however, it was found to decrease rapidly as the performance was completed. However, in the case of using SMA13-RC as the colored aggregate, since the color of the aggregate itself is red, it exhibits a constant value of 5.67 from the performance start to completion. Therefore, it is judged that a constant red color can be expressed during the performance period when the colored pavement using red colored aggregate is applied to the exclusive bus lane.

PURPOSES : The cooling characteristics of the asphalt mixture in a moving dump truck were analyzed using a numerical simulation method. The cooling characteristic can be used to determine the optimum transport path for minimizing the temperature drop of the asphalt mixture. METHODS : In this research, a coupled analysis of the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied for cooling characteristic analysis of asphalt mixtures in transit. Two different transit speeds, 30 km/h and 60 km/h, were considered to evaluate the effect of speed on the temperature drop of the asphalt mixture. Velocity, pressure, and temperature contours were plotted and temperature variations were compared. RESULTS : Most of the temperature drops in the asphalt mixture were observed in the middle of the dump box in the longitudinal direction. It was confirmed that a faster speed causes a greater temperature drop for the same travel time and a slower speed causes the more temperature to reach the same travel distance as expected. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that the coupled analysis method can be used to quantitatively evaluate the effect of vehicle speed on temperature drop in asphalt mixtures. In addition, the method can be used to determine the optimum travel path considering environmental conditions and traffic congestion.

After ethanol (BM-E and RW-E) and hot-water (BM-HW and RW-HW) extracts were fractionated from two herbal mixtures (BM and RW), their physiological activities were investigated. All extracts consisted of more than 50% of neutral sugar, with their total polyphenol levels higher than flavonoid levels. Radical scavenging activities of EtOH extracts remained significantly higher compared to that of hot-water extracts, and in particular, RW-E showed consistently higher antioxidant activity than BM-E. When anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were evaluated by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at 10~500 μg/mL non-cytotoxicity doses, BM-E showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide inhibitory activity than those of hot-water extracts and RW-E. Murine peritoneal macrophage cells were shown to be enhanced in crude polysaccharides (BM-CP and RW-CP fractionated from BM-HW and RW-HW) compared to hot-water extracts and polysaccharide K (PSK, positive control). Especially, RW-CP exhibited higher activity than BM-CP, and component sugar analysis showed that BM-CP mainly contained galacturonic acid, glucose, arabinose, galactose, and xylose (34.5%, 33.9%, 16.1%, 7.1%, and 6.3%, respectively), whereas RW-CP showed different measurements (29.5%, 59.2%, 5.0%, 4.5%, and 0.2%). In conclusion, two herbal mixtures could contain varying sets of physiological activities dependent on different extraction and fractionation methods.

PURPOSES : This paper presents a quality evaluation of Korean foamed asphalt, which uses the maximum expansion ratio and half-life method. The maximum expansion ratio and half-life method are used to determine the optimum water content to produce a foamed asphalt mixture. The foamed asphalt mixture according to determine an optimum water content with this method; the mixture quality was compared with hot mix asphalt mixture. METHODS : For the foamed asphalt mixed design, the water content was determined in addition to the Marshall mixing design method. The water content was determined using the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume and the time for the volume to decrease to half of the maximum volume. We conducted stability, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, dynamic immersion, and absorption rate tests to compare the foamed and hot mixed asphalt mixtures. RESULTS : The foam asphalt mixture exhibited less performance reduction due to temperature change than the hot mixed asphalt mixture. Most of the two mixture types exhibited similar performance. In addition, both mixtures should use an anti-stripping agent to improve water resistance. CONCLUSIONS : As a result of the laboratory test, the foamed asphalt mixture was able to ensure a similar performance to the hot-mixed asphalt mixture.