Insect cuticular extracellular matrices (ECM) including the eggshell and exoskeleton play vital roles in protecting them from natural environmental stresses. However, these chitinous ECMs must be degraded at least in part during embryonic and post-embyonic molting periods to accommodate continuous growth all the way to the adult stage. In this study we investigated the functions of groups I and II chitinases, TcCHT5 and TcCHT10, in turnover of the eggshell and cuticle in Tribolium castaneum. RNAi and TEM analyses revealed that TcCHT10 is required for digestion of chitin in the serosal cuticle for embryo hatching as well as in the old cuticle during post-embryonic molts including larval-pupal and pupal-adult metamorphosis. However, although TcCHT5 is apparently involved in these vital physiological events, TcCHT10 could substitute for TcCHT5 except during the pupal-adult molting when both enzymes are indispensable to degrade chitin in the old pupal cuticle.

After the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) came into effect, international cooperation through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) was required, and each RFMO established and adopted the Conservation and Management Measure (CMM) for the regional Observer Programs to collect data on fishing activities and biological information and to monitor compliance with its CMMs. The observer coverage required by RFMO is set differently for each organization, ranging from 5% to 100%. In addition, tuna-RFMOs recommend increasing observer coverage in longline fisheries by at least 20% for reliable quantitative analysis of not only target species but also bycatch species and ecologically related species such as sharks, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. Therefore, in this study, we discussed ways to improve the national observer programs of Korean distant water fisheries that should be addressed in the future to respond to the RFMO trends.

The development of food packaging materials with mechanical and antimicrobial properties is still a major challenge. N, P-doped carbons (NPCs) were synthesized. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which has an adverse effect on the environment and affects petroleum resources, has been commonly used for applications as food packaging. The development of PBAT composites reinforced with NPCs and studies on their structure and antimicrobial properties are presented in this study. The composite materials in the PBAT/NPCs were processed by solution casting. The plasticizing properties of NPCs enhanced the mechanical strength of composites produced of PBAT and NPCs. The thermal properties of PBAT composites were enhanced with addition of NPCs, according to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After reinforcement, PBAT/NPCs composites became more hydrophobic, according to contact angle measurements. In studies against S. aureus and E. coli food-borne pathogenic bacteria, the obtained composites show noticeably improved antimicrobial activity. The composite materials, according to the results of PBAT and NPCs may be a good choice for packing for food that prevents microorganisms.

Pine Wilt Disease (PWD) is a disease causing mass deaths of pine trees in South Korea, and the dead trees serve as breeding grounds for insect vectors responsible for spreading the disease to other host trees. Because the PWD requires early monitoring to minimize its damage on domestic forestry, this study aims to develop a species distribution model for predicting the potential distribution of PWD by using artificial neural network (ANN) with time-series data. Among the architectures, the Convolutional Neural Network exhibited the highest performance, achieving a validation accuracy of 0.854 and a cross-entropy loss of 0.401, and the InceptionTime model emerged as the second-best performer. This study identified the best-performing ANN architecture for a spatiotemporal evaluation of PWD occurrence, emphasizing the importance for determining hyperparameters with ecological characteristics and data types to apply deep learning into SDMs.

The choice of suitable companion plants is crucial for enhancing pest management strategies in agricultural fields. Riptortus pedestris, an important agricultural pest, has drawn attention for its serious damage on soybean. To identify an ideal companion plant for soybean, we investigated the pest’s behavioral patterns when exposed to corn seedlings in laboratory. Series of choice experiments were conducted for 4th instar nymphs and unmated female adults of R. pedestris when presented with corn and/or soybean pot against soybean or blank pot. In 4th instar nymphs, 56% preferred the treatment of corn pot plus soybean pot over soybean alone pot while 69% of unmated female adults preferred the same combination. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of this insect pest, which could be beneficial for establishing polycultures in agricultural fields.

2021년 우리나라 성범죄 발생은 6,321건, 범죄률 13.5%로 교정시설에서는 성범죄 예방을 위해 다양한 프로그램을 운영하고 있지만, 여전히 성범죄의 재범률은 증가하 고 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 변증법적 행동 치료이론을 기반으로 성범죄자의 재범 예방 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 프로그램의 개발은 선행연구와 요구조사를 바탕으 로 하였다. 프로그램은 변증법적 행동치료(DBT)의 4가지 핵심기술인 마음 챙김, 정서 조절훈련, 고통 감내, 대인 관계 증진 기술로 구성하였다. 연구설계는 비동등성 대조 군 사전-사후 설계(Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design)로 혼 합연구 방법(Mixed Methods Design)으로 프로그램의 효과를 검증하였다. 연구대상 자는 G*Power 3.1 program의 표본 크기에 맞게 G시 교정시설에 수감 된 남성 성범 죄자 중에서 총 28명 선정하고, 무작위 할당 표집으로 실험집단 14명과 대조집단 14 명으로 배정하였다. 하지만 이감과 중도 연구 참여 거부로 인한 탈락자를 뺀 실험집단 13명과 대조 집단 12명의 자료를 최종분석하였다. 양적 분석은 SPSS 27.0 프로그램 독립표본 검증(Independent t-test)으로 동질성을 확보를 확인하고, 집단 간 변화를 이원 혼합설계 반복측정 변량분석(Repeated measures ANOVA)으로 살펴보았다. 질적 자료는 Braun과 Clark(2006)가 제시한 주제 분석방법으로 분석하였다. 연구 결 과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변증법적 행동치료 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단이 대조집단 보다 대인 간의 공감 반응과 성인 애착에서 통계적으로 유의미하였으며, 변화의 효과 는 추후검사에서도 통계적으로 유의미하게 유지되었다. 둘째, 프로그램 참여 경험을 분석한 결과 36개의 하위 주제, 몇10개의 상위 주제가 나타났다. 이를 분석영역인 충 동성, 공격성, 자기통제력에 재배열하였다. 충동성에서는 이성에의 의지 폭력 행동의 자발적 제어, 예측 능력의 강화, 분노의 원인 탐색 주제가 돌출되었다. 공격성에서는 파괴 본능을 건강한 에너지로 전환, 타인에 대한 적대적 감정 없애기, 낮은 자리에 서 기라는 주제가 출연했다. 자기통제력에서는 유혹을 이길 수 있는 힘의 배양, 현재의 만족보다는 미래의 성공, 규범적인 행동 목표설정이 나타났다. 연구자들은 연구 결과에 근거하여 논의하였고, 교정기관 내에서 성범죄자들의 사회 재적응을 지지할 수 있는 실천적 접근을 제안함으로써 재범을 예방하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 기존의 교정시설 에서 시도하지 않은 변증법적 행동 치료이론을 접목한 프로그램의 개발하였기에 성범 죄자 프로그램에 새로운 패러다임을 시도하였다는 점에서 선행연구들과 차이가 있다.

Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) began to operate in earnest in the early 1980s. Since then, the total catch has shown an increasing trend and the target species are skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacare) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Based on the operational data of Korean tuna purse seine fishery from 2016 to 2020, the catch rates of target species (skipjack and yellowfin tunas) were analyzed by operation time for set types (free school and FAD sets). In the case of the free school sets, they were usually made from sunrise to sunset, and the catch rate was high before and after sunrise for skipjack tuna and before sunset for yellowfin tuna. On the other hand, for the FAD sets, more than 90% of them were made just before sunrise, and there were few operations during the daytime. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are differences in the catch rate of skipjack and yellowfin tunas by operation time and by school type for Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the WCPO, which could be helpful in understanding its fishing characteristics and providing useful information for developing the stock indices of the target species.

We report the synthesis and gas sensing properties of bare and ZnO decorated TeO2 nanowires (NWs). A catalyst assisted-vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth method was used to synthesize TeO2 NWs and ZnO decoration was performed using an Au-catalyst assisted-VLS growth method followed by a subsequent heat treatment. Structural and morphological analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning/transmission electron microscopies, respectively, demonstrated the formation of bare and ZnO decorated TeO2 NWs with desired phase and morphology. NO2 gas sensing studies were performed at different temperatures ranging from 50 to 400 oC towards 50 ppm NO2 gas. The results obtained showed that both sensors had their best optimal sensing temperature at 350 oC, while ZnO decorated TeO2 NWs sensor showed much better sensitivity towards NO2 relative to a bare TeO2 NWs gas sensor. The reason for the enhanced sensing performance of the ZnO decorated TeO2 NWs sensor was attributed to the formation of ZnO (n)/ TeO2 (p) heterojunctions and the high intrinsic gas sensing properties of ZnO.

This study analyzed the performance of the national fishing port development project, which lacked ex-post impact evaluation despite a lot of investment in terms of fishery income opportunities. Using micro data from the Census of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, the sales amount of fishery products and the proportion of fishery-related businesses were used as performance indicators. The fishery households in the fishing port area (treatment group) and those not in the area (control group) were classified through data pre-processing, and factors unrelated to the fishing ports were controlled using the propensity score matching difference-in-difference method. The analysis target is six fishing ports with large investment in from 2010 to 2014. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the sales of fishery products increased significantly in four of the six fishing ports, and the proportion of fishery-related businesses increased in two fishing ports. The analysis method of this study can be fully utilized in the evaluation of the Fishing Community New Deal 300 Project, which is in need of performance analysis.

Efforts to prevent IUU fishing began in 1996 as the IUU Antarctic Marine Living Resources Conservation Committee reported the multilateral efforts of the international community and related international organizations to prevent IUU fishing. Korea has recently been pointed out by the international community as to many problems regarding its will to eradicate IUU fishing. It is true that Korea has ever been designated as an ‘IUU participating country’ or a ‘non-cooperative third country’ by the international community and that there have been considerable difficulties in exporting seafood and using ports along with the deterioration of the national image. In 2020, with the efforts of related organizations and fisheries companies, Korea is now free from being known as a that Korea has recovered some degrees of trust from the international community through strengthening legal sanctions against IUU fishing and thorough implementation of follow-up measures is now free from non-cooperating country it cannot be said that the basic problems have been completely resolved just because it has emerged as a disgraceful country, and the current state of IUU fishing of Korea leaves a room for designation as a ‘non-cooperative third country’ again at any time in the future. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to examine the problems of the IUU fishing-related legal system in Korea and to come up with an improvement plan. Therefore, this paper reviews international norms for IUU fishing regulation (PSMA etc.) and domestic laws with the Distant Water Fisheries Development Act and Propose the improvement methods for related legal systems in Korea.

Fishery products play an important role in Korean food culture, and awareness of the safety of fishery products is increasing in the seafood market. Against this backdrop, Japan has announced a plan to release radioactive water to the sea from 2023. In the case of Korea, it is adjacent to the area to be discharged, so there are concerns about securing the safety of marine products. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the change in perception and impact of marine product consumers due to the discharge of contaminated water and to study appropriate countermeasures when discharging contaminated water from nuclear power plants. In this study, the current status of radioactive contaminated water discharge in Japan was summarized, and a survey was conducted on the change in the consumption perception of marine products according to the discharge of contaminated water to analyze the factors affecting the consumption change of domestic consumers. According to the survey, 85.3% of the respondents said that it will affect the purchase of domestic marine products if Japan starts discharging contaminated water from nuclear power plants. Moreover, 85.5% of the respondents said it will affect the purchase of imported marine products.

The effect of change in exchange rates on an economy is very important, especially, to a small open economy like South Korea. I explore whether Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have positive influences on exchange rate-pass through import price of import market for fishery products in South Korea. Competition among FTA partners is enhanced after FTAs are effective. I expect that the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through (hereafter, ERPT) into import price of fishery products (in terms of Korea currency) would be reduced since the import market for fishery products in South Korea is an oligopolistic market. Specifically, I　investigate two research questions with six South Korea’s FTA partners─Norway, Thailand, Peru, U.S., China and Vietnam. First, whether the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through into import price of fishery products from six FTA partners would decrase in the post-FTA era; seconds, the size of reduction has a negative relation with the size of their market share in the import market for fishery products in South Korea if it decreases. The empirical results indicate that the degree of ERPT into import price from other FTA partners than Norway has been reduced after FTA, statistically and significantly; however, I do not find the evidence that the size of reduction is related to their market share. The findings in this study imply that FTAs have negative effects on producers’ economic welfare in South Korea’s fishery industry by reducing the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through as well as reducing tariff barriers.

P’yohaerok was written by the order of King Sŏngjong in June 1488. It is one of the most important drifting records to China in the Ming era, which was published in six different printed versions in the Chosŏn period. There are two sets of versions, each of which is comprised of three. One is in Toyo Bunko, Yomei Bunko, and Kanazawa Bunko, all of which had been printed before Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Chosŏn in 1592. The other printed and published as a part of Kŭmnamjip after the Invasion has been available in South Korea. P’yohaerok is really an excellent work. For not only does it possess an important historical value of the Ming Dynasty but also allows us to discover a variety of linguistic data and phenomena such as nonstandard forms of characters, vocabulary, grammar and phonemes of native languages in the Ming era, etc. From the perspective of linguistic discourse, the author makes a detailed analysis of the Modern Chinese Linguistics of the work.

ZnO thin-films are grown on a p-Si(111) substrate by RF sputtering. The effects of growth temperature and O2 mixture ratio on the ZnO films are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and roomtemperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. All the grown ZnO thin films show a strong preferred orientation along the c-axis, with an intense ultraviolet emission centered at 377 nm. However, when O2 is mixed with the sputtering gas, the half width at half maximum (FWHM) of the XRD peak increases and the deep-level defect-related emission PL band becomes pronounced. In addition, an n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode is fabricated by photolithographic processes and characterized using its current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curve and photoresponsivity. The fabricated n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode exhibits typical rectifying I-V characteristics, with turn-on voltage of about 1.1 V and ideality factor of 1.7. The ratio of current density at ± 3 V of the reverse and forward bias voltage is about 5.8 × 103, which demonstrates the switching performance of the fabricated diode. The photoresponse of the diode under illumination of chopped with 40 Hz white light source shows fast response time and recovery time of 0.5 msec and 0.4 msec, respectively.