감교선출(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)에 대한 DBCP(Dibromo chloropropane) 유제의 처리방법 및 약량과 회수를 규명코저 시험하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 약량의 증가에 다라, 점주가 관주처리보다 좋은 효과를 보였다. 2. 온주귤원에서는 배수가 나빠서 2회처리로서 좋은 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 3. 점토함량이 낮은 하귤원에는 3.3-4.4l/10a의 1회점주처리가, 점토함량이 높은 온주귤원에는 4.4l/10a씩 2회점주처리가 좋았다.

저항성 및 감수성 콩 품종이 콩씨스트선충(Heterodeta glycines)의 발육에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 시험하였다. 콩 품종별로 선충의 이기유총에 대한 유인성의 차이는 없었다. 다만, 저항성품종에서는 선충의 발육상태가 좋지않아 10주동안에 2세대만 발생하였으며 그 밀도가 매우 낮은 반면에 감수성품종에서는 선충의 발육이 정상이어서 같은 기간에 3세대 발생하는 것을 볼 수 있으며 그 밀도는 매우 높았다.

벼뿌리선충의 벼뿌리갈변에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 벼가 자라는 배지조건을 달리하여 실내시험한 결과, 살균배지조건에서는 선충에 의하여 갈변도가 약간 높아졌으나 무살균조건에서는 선충의 존재여부에 관계없이 뿌리전체가 갈변되었는데 이것은 벼뿌리의갈변이 선충에 의한 다기보다 주로 그외의 토양미생물에 의하여 일어나는 것으로 보인다.

벼 이삭선충(심고선충), Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie의 접종밀도가 벼의 생육 및 본선충의 자성충의 체장에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 온실내에서 포트시험을 수행하였다. 선충을 접종하였을 경우에 벼의 초장, 분벽수 및 지상부의 건물중의 감소를 초래했으며 접종밀도가 높아짐에 따라 자성충의 체장도 감소하였다.

벼 이삭선충의 효율적이고 능율적인 방제를 위한 약제의 종류 및 방법을 구명하기 위하여 본 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 종자에 대한 약제처리 : 선충피해 종자를 Malathion EC 등 6종의 약제 500, 1,000 배액에 각각 12, 24, 36시간 침종한 후 선충을 Baermmann씨법으로 분리, 조사한 결과 Malathion EC, Sumithion EC, Lebaycid EC, 등의 약제에 12-24시간 처리하는 것이 효과적이었으며 실용성이 있었다. 2. 못자리시기의 입제처리 : 의 밧드에 피해종자를 파종하고 모내기 15일전에 PSP-204 G등 6종의 약제를 의 비율로 시용하여 폿트에서 재배하여 효과를 조사한 결과 PSP-204 G, Diazinon G, Nemagon G, Terracurr-P G 등의 약제가 이삭선충의 방제효과가 높았다. 3. 모내기전의 침근처리 : 밧드에서 육묘한 피해묘를 모내기직전에 뽑아서 Sumithion EC 등 6종의 약제 1,000배액에 침근처리한 후 폿트에서 재배하여 효과를 조사한 견과, Sumithion EC, Lebaycid EC Nemagon EC 등의 약제가 가장 효과적이었다.

전국적으로 발생하며 대두에 많은 피해를 주고 있는 콩씨스트 선충의 방제에 보다 능률적인 효과를 얻기 위하여 본선충의 피해를 구명하고 저항성 대두 품종을 선발하여 품종육성에 기여코자 장려품종 8품종을 포함 한 64품종을 공시 저항성을 검정하였다. 1. 장단백목을 공시하여 콩씨스트선충에 대한 피해(감수율)를 조사한 결과, 접종시험(Pot)에서 이었고, 포장시험에서는 으로서 선충의 밀교와 대두 수양과는 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 2. 장려품종은 모두 저항성에 약 하였고 PI-84751, PI-90763, Southern-Proripic, 금강소입, 백태등은 비교적 강하였으며 그외의 모든 공시 품종들은 중간성일 감수성으로 나타났다. 3. 저항성 품종과 감수성 품종 間에 선충의 발육에 차가 있었고 특히 여성충수에 있어서 차가 많았다

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅱ gene(COⅡ gene) is subunit of cytochrome oxidase, which is complex Ⅳ of mitochondria electron transport system. It has been frequently used in molecular phylogenetic studies because the speed of its DNA variation is faster than that of nucleus. It is especially useful in phylogenetic study of molecular biology in insects. In this study, we cloned and sequenced COⅡ gene of mitochondria DNA from Rhabditidae family nematode. Our results showed that this gene is comprised of 696 base pairs(bp). In the analysis of similarity of this gene with other known genes of 14 species of nematodes in Rhabditida order, we identified that this gene has high similarity with that of Caenorhabditis briggsae(86.0%) and C. elegans(85.6%) in Rhabditidae family. On the meanwhile, it has very low similarity with that of Angiostrongylus cantonensis(31.8%) in Angiostrongylidae family and Metastrongylus salmi(31.6%) in Metastrongylidae family. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that this nematode is closely related with that of Caenorhabditis genus in Rhabditidae family.

Cherry tomato ‘TY Candy’ F₁ Hybrid was bred in Tomato Life Science and Research Institute from 2008 to 2014, which has indeterminate plant type, oblong fruit shape, average fruit weight 17 ~ 22 g and sugar content brix 8 ~ 9. Female line was selected and fixed with vigorous plant, firm fruit texture, Fusarium and Cladosporium resistance. Male line was selected and fixed with medium internode, deep leaf color, high brix, Yellow leaf curl virus and Nematode resistance. F₁ combination was made and pollinated in 2011 year, hybrid selection and sample seed production were progressed in 2012 year, farmers’ field trial was conducted at major tomato cultivation area and resulted good performance in 2013 ~ 2014. The distinctive characteristics of ‘TY Candy’ are higher yield, fruit quality and TYLCV, Nematode, Cladosporium etc. multi-disease resistance compared to existed varieties.

Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is a virulent pest of solanaceaous crops worldwide. The M. incognita resistance gene Me7 derived from Capsicum annuum CM334, is located on chromosome 9. In the present study, an F2 population derived from a cross between ECW03R and CM334 was used to locate the Me7 gene. An F2 population was inoculated using approximately 1,000 second-stage juveniles per individual plant. Phenotype screening was done 45 days after inoculation by using gall index system. The phenotype study of 503 F2 individual showed 391 resistant and 112 susceptible plants. The 3:1 phenotypic ratio confirmed that resistance phenotype is controlled by a single dominant gene. Previously reported two markers were tested to reveal the linkage of markers to phenotype. Two markers, CAPS_F4R4 and SCAR_PM6a were located at 4.3 and 2.7 cM from the resistance gene, respectively. Additional SNP markers were developed using CM334 reference genome information to narrow down the position of the gene, but no closer markers could be developed due to errors of DNA sequence assembly. The closest marker was positioned on telomere of the chromosome 9 long arm, where tens of other NB-LRR genes are clustered. NB-LRR genes are being used as candidates to identify the Me7 gene.

유채 종자에서 기름을 착유한 후 부산물인 유채박을 토양에 처리하여 토양 내 선충을 친환경적으로 방제하기 위하여 실험 한 결과를 보면, 유채박을 혼합한 토양이 OM, Av.P₂O₅, Ca, Mg, CEC 등의 수치가 증가하였으며, 유기물함량은 무처리 토양보 다 3배가량 높게 나타났다. 또한 유채박의 glucosinolate 함량 은 제주재래종 유채박이 199.97 μmol/g로 선망 유채박의 함량 보다 76.62 μmol/g 더 많았으며, 특히 progoitrin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, 및 sinigrin 등의 함량이 높게 나타나기 때 문에 유채박의 선충밀도 감소에 효과가 있으며 ‘선망’ 유채박보 다 제주재래종 유채박이 선충밀도를 더 줄여주었지만 유의적인 차이는 아니었다.

During pathogen attack, the host plant induces genes to ward off the pathogen while the pathogen often induces host genes that increase susceptibility to the pathogen. Gene expression studies identified many soybean genes altered in expression in resistant and susceptible plant roots over time during infection by soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines; SCN). However, it is difficult to assess the role and impact of these genes on resistance and susceptibility by using gene expression patterns alone, because the nematode injects proteins into the host. These nematode effector proteins interfere with and subvert the normal molecular mechanisms of the host cell. Therefore, we cloned >110 soybean genes from gene expression experiments using microarrays and RNA-Seq deep sequencing. The genes were overexpressed in soybean roots of composite plants to determine their impact on SCN development. Several overexpressed genes decreased the number of mature SCN females more than 50% at 32-35 days after inoculation; numerous other genes increased the number of mature females by more than 150%. Genes that reduced the number of mature females per plant by more than 50% when overexpressed, included genes encoding a β-glucanase, two lipases, calmodulin, a possible transcription factor, as well as proteins of unknown function. Four genes increased the number of mature SCN females more than 200%, while eleven more genes increased the number of mature SCN females more than 150%. Genes enhancing susceptibility included several transporters, pectate lyase, a Ca-dependent kinase and ACC oxidase. Our data support a role for auxin and ethylene in susceptibility of soybean to SCN. These studies highlight the contrasting gene sets induced by host and nematode during infection and provide new insights into the interactions between host and pathogen at the molecular level. Some genes that conferred resistance to SCN were also tested against the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita. Many of the genes that conferred resistance to SCN also conferred resistance to RKN. This demonstrated that the genes conferred resistance across genera and provides new strategies for developing broad resistance in plants to parasitic nematodes.

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the serious soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pests in major soybean producing countries. The objective of this study was to investigate of Heterodera glycines type using the five SCN infested soybean field soils and was to evaluate resistance to the soybean cyst nematode HG 2.5.7 type on soybean varieties and germplasms. The five SCN contaminated soil samples were collected from the three provinces on November 2011 in Korea, and eggs were cultured on early spring season in 2012. For the second study, a total fifty nine soybean varieties and germplasms were tested by infestation of HG type 2.5.7 in the greenhouse. Soybean cyst nematode HG types were investigated from five locations, HG 2 (race 1) type at Donghae, HG 2.5 (race 1) type at Jeongseon and Hapcheon, HG type 2.5.7 (race 1 or 5) at Yeongwol, and HG 1.2.7 (race 5) type at Haenam locations in present study. No Korean soybean varieties and germplasms were observed with SCN resistant trait to the HG type 2.5.7. Average SCN female index were calculated with 82.7% in 59 plant materials. Our results could be provided useful information to develop a SCN resistant cultivar in Korea.

Root-knot nematodes cause a significant damage on fruit yield and quality of green house growing crops. To asses the effect of eggplant rootstock, Torvum vigor’, ‘TaibyouVF’ and ‘Daitaro’ were grafted on eggplants(Solanum melongena CV. Chookyang) and planted in root-knot nematode infested microplot in green house and compared their fruit yield, quality and plant growth with non-grafted control. Eggplant grafted with Torvum vigor had the highest fruit yield and top growth and followed by Daitaro. Non-grafted eggplant had lower yield but had higher root weight because of heavy root-knot nematode infection. Rootstock grafting in eggplant farming is a good alternative technique in root-knot nematode infested green houses without compromising fruit yield and can be applied instantly as organic farming practice.

Three-year-old seedlings of susceptible Pinus densiflora and resistant Pinus x rigitaeda were each inoculated with the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to compare disease development. Needle dehydration was evident on seedlings of P. densiflora by 20 days after inoculation, 10 days earlier than this symptom was observed on P. × rigitaeda. Xylem drying was more frequent in seedlings of P. densiflora than in that of P. × rigitaeda between 20 and 60 days after inoculation. No significant differences were found between P. densiflora and P. × rigitaeda for stem water content or for stem and leaf relative water content in current-year branches after nematode inoculation, but the average number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems differed significantly between the two groups. The number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems was negatively correlated with the stem water content and with stem and leaf relative water content. By the time the experiment was terminated at 60 days after inoculation, all 3 of the last group of P. densiflora seedlings had died, but 2 of the 3 remaining P. × rigitaeda hybrid seedlings were still alive. Additional studies are needed to further explore the specific mechanisms preventing nematode multiplication in the seedlings of resistant P. × rigitaeda.

Two important loci, designated Rhg1 and Rhg4, are responsible for most resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). The objective of this study was to survey single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and to map the SCN-resistant gene, Rhg4, on soybean genetic ma

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, SCN) is an important soybean pest and the use of resistant cul-tivars is an effective method to reduce or eliminate SCN damage. SCN resistance loci, rhg1 and Rhg4 are generally accepted as anecesity for