This article analyzes the Sino-US Summit in Osaka in 2019 and its influence on trade negotiations between China and the US in the near future. By a look at the reports from China’s side and the US’ side, the article figures out what has been agreed and what are the most controversial issues on table. Having an observation of the new development after the Summit, the article tries to analyze the direction and ways forwards for the Sino-US trade talks, and make predictions based on a certain of factors including challenges faced by the US, the need of China as well as the attitude of the world. It is easy to figure out that agricultural products and the supply of equipment relating to Huawei were the key points at issue in the Sino-US Summit as well as in the future. The exchange and compromises are necessary between China and the US regardless of whether they are happy to admit it or not.

Severe damages will result in human society, when several different critical natural phenomena coincide. One example relates to the resting cysts of Alexandrium species (dinoflagellates that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning), which are preserved in surface sediments throughout Osaka Bay, Japan. These cysts have been found to accumulate particularly densely in shallow areas in the inner parts of Osaka Bay, where a tsunami caused by an earthquake could occur any time. Damage by a tsunami could cause a change of the coastal ecosystems at Osaka Bay including the resuspension of surface sediments containing resting Alexandrium tamarense cysts and the subsequent redistribution of the cysts in newly deposited sediment. Under certain environmental conditions, these cysts could germinate and form dense blooms, leading to paralytic shellfish poisoning. Such a scenario could also affect other coastal areas, including the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula.

The Jeju Teachers' Association and Jeju Island Office of Education also proposes a visit to Japan to learn about their lives in connection with Korean schools in Japan. In 2020, Jeju National University and Ritsumeikan University plan to have the opportunity to jointly study and research the lives of Koreans in Japan from the standpoint of peace and human rights education. Based on the opinions of these international researchers, we should cover the human rights abuses committed under the US military administration and the responsibility for the deaths under US military influence, even after the establishment of the Korean government, and to restore the honor of 4.3 victims and survivors to prevent this from happening again. This is to protect peace and human rights in Jeju and the Korean peninsula.

Ground arthropods are abundant in urban ecosystem, but our understanding on their ecological traits is little. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of urbanization on ground arthropod communities. Ground arthropods were monitored once a week from April to December 2005 in 6 sites: Yamato River riverbank (Site 1), Daisen Park (Site 2), Oizumi forest area (Site 3), Osaka Prefecture University campus (Site 4), Paddy field (Site 5), and Satoyama (Site 6). A total of 221,000 individuals of ground arthropods belonging to 19 orders were collected in 6 sites. Isopoda including Porcellionidae and Armadillidiidae was the 1st dominant and 195161 individuals were collected, representing 88.3% of the total. Mean density of ground arthropods in Site 1- 4, urbanized areas, was much higher than in paddy field and Satoyama. Pattern of ground arthropod community in riverbank did not differ with those of urban park, urban forest area, and campus. Our finding showed that ground arthropods in urban area tend to increase biomass and specific groups in area disturbed and urbanized by human activities.

Four requirements for the operating and supporting system for sustainable landscape management will be discussed through this paper. The requirements are based on multiple case studies on the structure and the process of development of three organizations that have been contributing to the sustainable rural landscape management in Japan since 1989. The first requirement is that the residents should recognize regional problems and voluntarily organize a group which can properly deal with the problems. Secondly, members of the organization should have a solid grasp of the goal of their activities (or founding principal of the organization) and share it among themselves. Founding principal should include the history of natural circulation system in the area, cultural features and a future plan in association with human resources. Thirdly, the administration of the organization should be separated from the founder, the residents. The administration, such as business promotion, becomes more effective when consigned to a separate entity, not to the residents. Lastly, the interaction among separate entities is crucial to promote diverse activities for the local landscape management. The administrators and experts need to cooperate to draw a precise conclusion regarding the way of interaction. These requirements drawn from the Japanese case studies should be localized to the Korean circumstances for further adoption.

The rapid industrialization and urbanization in Osaka Bay have produced many serious water pollution problems since the 1960s. A symbolic phenomenon is algae bloom (red tide), which occurred 53 times in 1976. The special law was enacted in 1973 and a number of administrative steps were taken, such as cutting COD loading, reductions in phosphorus (P) and restriction of land reclamation. As a result, the pollution of Osaka Bay has gradually been reduced, and the environment has been improved to some extent. In this study, to analyze the relations between water qualities as well as a social, economic activity by the coastal zone, the water quality data in Osaka Bay of 70 years past since 1921 were collected. Data such as population, livestock, fertilizer, industrial product etc. were also collected for estimating nutrients flowing into bay from land. It was found that the water quality was changed of a similar trend of estimated nutrients load, with delay of about four or five years.

As an effort to clarify the ecosystem of Osaka Bay, a semi-enclosed coastal area under the influence of stratification, a three-dimensional water quality model with combination of the baroclinic flow model and primitive eco-system model was constructed. The proposed model succeeded in simulating the time-depending flow and density structure and the baroclinic residual currents in Osaka Bay. In present study, we tried to improve the model by taking account of the benthic-pelagic interaction and exchange of nutrients between sea bottom sediments and overlaying water. On vertical structure, the model consists of 13 layers of water and eight layers of sediments. Long-term prediction of water quality was conducted from 1964 to 1985. This period is characterized by rapid water pollution and its decrease by the cutoff reduction of COD and P flowed into Osaka Bay. By combining the sediment model into original model, the numerical model was confirmed to shows more reasonable results in simulating the water quality in Osaka Bay.

Study of the background and state of Osaka's waterfront space development and analysis of the functions of 22 chosen major facilities of development project reveals the following four types: amenity-oriented development, large-scale synthesis type development, renewal compound area type development, exchange communication promotion type development. Osaka bay area has served primely as the base of harbors, industry and energy, while analysis of the ongoing project has found that the city has been making a functional transition to a type of development to live up to the needs of the times, suggesting that is wise that Korea's future direction of waterfront development be oriented toward environmental-friendly development by taking advantage of low-density area's natural resources. Given the plurality and complexity of the law of coastal zone, what is needed is a legal maintenance for coastal zone's clear-cut coordinating function and for environmental-friendly development with the limitations of seaside and coastal functions in mind.