This study investigated the synergistic effect of single inoculation and co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Burkholderia metallica JH-7 and Burkholderia contaminans JH-15. Phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring phosphorus content in culture media that were singly inoculated or co-inoculated with these strains for 7 days. B. metallica JH-7 was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus (140.80 μg mL-1) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. contaminans JH-15 (135.95 μg mL-1) and co-inoculation of two strains (134.84 μg mL-1). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were observed in the medium inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone compared with that in the medium co-inoculated with both the strains. Results of a plant growth promotion bioassay showed 17.4% and 7.48% higher leaf and root growth, respectively, in romaine lettuce inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone than in romaine lettuce inoculated with a control strain. However, no significant difference was observed between single inoculation and co-inoculation of these strains with respect to phosphorus release and plant growth. Although the results of the present study did not show the synergistic effect of phosphate solubilization by the PSB strains examined, these results indicate that treatment with PSB exerts a beneficial effect on crop growth.

Mill scale, an iron waste, was used to separate magnetite particles for the adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution. Mill scale has a layered structure composed of wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3). Because magnetite shows the highest magnetic property among these iron oxides, it can be easily separated from the crushed mill scale particles. Several techniques were employed to characterize the separated particles. Mill scale-derived magnetite particles exhibited a strong uptake affinity to phosphate in a wide pH range of 3-7, with the maximum adsorptive removal of 100%, at the dosage of 1 g/L, pH 3-5. Langmuir isotherm model well described the equilibrium data, exhibiting maximum adsorption capacities for phosphate up to 4.95 and 8.79 mg/g at 298 and 308 K, respectively. From continuous operation of the packed-bed column reactor operated with different EBCT (empty bed contact time) and adsorbent particle size, the breakthrough of phosphate started after 8-22 days of operation. After regeneration of the column reactor with 0.1N NaOH solution, 95-98% of adsorbed phosphate could be detached from the column reactor.

본 연구에서는 Phytosphingosine(PhS)과 Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate(PhS1P)를 피부 미 용 측면에서 생리활성을 연구하여 화장품 소재로서 가능성 여부를 규명하고자 B16F10 멜라닌 세포, RAW264.7 대식 세포, HDF 섬유아세포를 이용하여 3가지 세포에 대한 독성을 파악하고 항염증, 항 멜 라닌, MMP-1 발현 억제, Western blot analysis 실험을 통해 효과를 확인 하고자한다. 본 실험 결과 B16F10, RAW264.7, HDF 세포에 대한 독성이 낮은 것으로 확인하였으며, 항염증 NO 저해능 실험에 서 PhS1P이 PhS보다 더 강력한 저해활성을 나타냈다. MMP-1 발현 또한 마찬가지로 PhS1P이 더 우수 했고, 그 기작은 ERK 활성 감소에 의한 것임을 확인하였다. 한편, 멜라닌 생성 저해능은 알부틴 보다 우수하였으며, 그 작용은 Tyrosinase 발현을 억제하는 것임을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 생리 활성물질인 PhS과 PhS1P는 주름개선 및 미백화장품의 피부 개선을 위한 기능성화장품으로 활용 가능성 을 확인할 수 있었다.

Removal of phosphate from environmental water has become more important to prevent eutrophication. In the present study, sorption behavior of phosphate onto magnesite was investigated under different conditions. The optimum pH of phosphate adsorption was determined to be 6.0. The adsorption capacity was found to decrease with increasing temperature, which indicates that a low temperature was beneficial for phosphate adsorption. The sorption capacity for phosphate was found to be 10.2 mg/g at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L and a dose of 2 g/L. The first order kinetic equation and Freundlich isotherm model fit the data well. Phosphate adsorption on magnesite was explained by electrostatic attraction and weak physical interactions.

살모넬라증은 가축에 심각한 피해를 유발하는 질병으로, 축산업과 식품산업에 많은 경제적 손실을 초래하고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 복합 인산염을 주성분으로 하는 분말 소독제의 Salmonella Typhimuriums에 대한 살균효과 시험을 수행하였다. 배지희석법을 이용한 살균효력시험은 4℃에서 30분 동안 시험 세균을 희석 소독제에 노출시켜 소독제의 가장 효과적인 낮은 희석배수를 결정하는 시험이다. 본 분말 소독제와 시험 세균을 처리조건에 따라 경수와 유기물로 희석하여 반응을 시켰다. 유기물 조건에서, Salmonella Typhimurium에 대한 소독제의 살균력은 경수조건에서의 살균력과 비교하여 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 유기물들에 의한 소독제의 살균 유효성분에 대한 저해작용에 따른 것으로 사료된다. 분말 소독제는 Salmonella Typhimurium과 같은 병원체에 대해 살균효과를 가지므로, 살모넬라증과 같은 세균성 질병의 확산을 제어하는데 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infects the cells lining the small intestine of a pig and, causes porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Owing to its highly infectious nature, PEDV has a substantial economic burden, which results in significant morbidity and mortality in piglets. In this study, the virucidal efficacy of a powder disinfectant containing a phosphate compound against PEDV was investigated. Virucidal efficacy was assessed as the infectivity of PEDV toward Vero cells after exposure of the virus to the disinfectant. PEDV was exposed to the disinfectant in the presence of either hard water (HW) or an organic matter suspension (OM). In the HW condition, PEDV was inactivated by 4-fold dilution of the disinfectant. In the presence of OM, the disinfectant showed virucidal activity with a 2-fold dilution. As the disinfectant possessed virucidal activity against PEDV, it should be an effective reagent for limiting the spread of animal viral diseases.

Coagulation/precipitation process has been widely used for the removal of phosphate within domestic wastewater. Although Fe and Al are typical coagulants used for phosphate removal, these have some shortages such as color problem and low sedimentation velocity. In this study, both Fe and Al were used to overcome the shortages caused by using single one, and anionic polymer coagulant was additionally used to enhance sedimentation velocity of the precipitate formed. Batch experiments using a jar test were conducted with real wastewater, which was an effluent of the second sedimentation tank in domestic wastewater treatment plant. Response Surface Methodology was used to examine the responsibility of each parameter on phosphate removal as well as to optimize the dosage of the three coagulants. Economic analysis was also done on the basis of selling prices of the coagulants in the field. Phosphate removal efficiency of Fe(III) was 30% higher than those of Fe(II). Considering chemical price, optimum dosage for achieving residual phosphate concentration below 0.2 mg/L were determined to be 18.14 mg/L of Fe(III), 2.60 mg/L of Al, and 1.64 mg/L of polymer coagulant.

This study aimed to indentify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon region of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene and to evaluate their associations with meat yield and quality traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Two SNP markers, g.2766C>T and g.5105A>G were identified in the exons 5 and 8, respectively. Genotyping of the two SNPs was carried out using PCR-RFLP analysis in 309 Hanwoo steers to evaluate their associations with meat yield and quality traits. As a result, g.2766C>T in exon 5 was significantly associated with carcass weight (CW) and marbling score (MS). Animals with the CC genotype of g.2766C>T had heavier CW than those with the CA or AA genotype. Animals with the CC genotype of g.2766C>T also had higher MS than those with the CA or AA genotype. Additive effect was also observed with CW and MS traits. We constructed haplotypes by linkage disequilibrium analysis and analyzed association between haplotypes and meat yield and quality traits. Haplotype of GPD1 gene was associated with CW. As a result, animals with CA haplotype had heavier CW than TG haplotype. These findings suggest that the SNPs of bovine GPD1 gene may be a useful molecular marker for selection of meat yield and quality traits in Hanwoo.

대칭막이 가지는 유량 한계성과 비대칭막이 가지는 한계 압력 향상을 위한 분리막 제막 방법으로 인산 및 인산 에스테르 화합물을 포함한 PSF 고분자 지지층을 제조하였다. 활성층 두께와 구조를 조절하기 위하여 냉각판의 온도와 캐 스팅 용액의 두께가 조절되었으며 비대칭성 확보를 위하여 VIPS-NIPS 공정을 적용하였다. 상전이 안정성을 확인하기 위하여 용매 비교 실험이 진행되었으며 가장 비대칭 구조가 우수한 것은 NMP, 재현성이 뛰어난 용매는 DMAc로 확인 되었다. 운전 조건에 가장 민감하게 변화하였다. DMAc 용매 역시 Template 표 면층– 최소기공층– 비대칭 거대 기공층의 구조를 가지면서 BP 13 – 18 psig, 통기성 3140 cc/sec의 고유량 비대칭성 정밀여과막을 제조할 수 있었다.

Magnetite particles were synthesized by co-precipitation of water-soluble 밀 스케일-derived precursor by various concentrations of (0.5, 0.67, 1, 2 N) NaOH and (0.6, 0.8, 1.2, 2.4 N) NH4OH. It is theoretically known that as the concentration of the alkaline additive used in iron oxide synthesis increases, the particle size distribution of that iron oxide decreases. This trend was observed in both kind of alkaline additive used, NaOH and NH4OH. In addition, the magnetite synthesized in NaOH showed a relatively smaller particle size distribution than magnetite synthesized in NH4OH. Crystalline phase of the synthesized magnetite were determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD). The particles were then used as an adsorbent for phosphate(P) removal. Phosphorus adsorption was found to be more efficient in NaOH-based synthesized magnetite than the NH4OH-based magnetite.

본 연구는 우육 심장근의 수리미 유사물로의 활용 가능성 구명과 인삼염의 첨가가 우육 심장 수리미 유사물의 품질특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 실시하였다. 공시재료로 우육 심장근 수리미 유사 물을 사용하였으며 무처리구(C), 소금 2% 처리구(T1), 소금 1.95% + 인산염 0.05% 처리구(T2) 그리고 소금 1.90% + 인산염 0.10% 처리구(T3)로 나누어 실험을 하였다. 수분함량 결과 대조구에 비해 처리구 에서 낮게 나타났으며 T1에서 가장 낮은 수분함량 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 조단백질 함량은 T3가 가 장 높게 나타났으며 T1에서 가장 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). pH는 대조구에 비해 T1에서 낮게 나타났으며 인산염 첨가수준에 따라 증가하였다(P<0.05). 가열감량은 대조구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 T2에서 가 장 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 보수력 또한 대조구에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 T2 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 명도의 경우 대조구에서 높게 나타나며 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 적 색도는 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며 T3에서 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 황색도는 T1 과 T2 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 또한 백색도는 대조구에서 높게 나타났으며 소금 및 인산염 첨가시 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 경도, 응집성, 검성 및 씹힘성은 T1에서 낮게 나타났으며 소금과 인산 염 0.1% 첨가구인 T3에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 따라서 우육 심장 수리미 유사물에 인산염의 첨가는 단백질 함량을 높이고 보수력을 증가시켜 조직감을 개선시키는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 명도 및 백색 도가 낮아 수세방법의 개선에 대한 연구가 요구된다.

This study was carried out for characterization of MIO synthesized in our laboratory by co-precipitation method and applied isotherm and kinetic models for adsorption properties. XRD analysis were conducted to find crystal structure of synthesized MIO. Further SEM and XPS analysis was performed before and after phosphate adsorption, and BET analysis for surface characterization. Phosphate stock solution was prepared by KH2PO4 for characterization of phosphate adsorption, and batch experiment was conducted using 50 ml conical tube. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied based on adsorption equilibrium test of MIO by initial phosphate solution. Pseudo first order and pseudo second order models were applied for interpretation of kinetic model by temperature. Surface area and pore size of MIO were found 89.6 m2/g and 16 nm respectively. And, the determination coefficient (R2) value of Langmuir model was 0.9779, which was comparatively higher than that of Freundlich isotherm model 0.9340.

MBR 공법의 처리수 중의 총인을 흡착하는 탈인장치를 50m³/일 규모로 운영하였다. 탈인장치는 Ф1m x 2.5mH(2mEH)로 원통형 구조이며, 내부에 모래 및 흡착제가 0.7m³ 및 0.3m³ 충진되었다. MBR 처리수는 탈인장치 하부에서 상부로 이동하면서 총인이 흡착되고, 모래와 흡착제는 중심부의 원형관을 통하여 상부로 이송되고, 재생용액인 ClO2/Ca(OH)2에 의하여 재생된 후 상부로 재 보충된다. MBR 처리수의 총인은 1.0~1.8mg/L였으며, 탈인 장치 처리수 중의 총인은 0.4~0.8mg/L로 나타났다. 흡착제 재생시 발생한 세척수는 약 4% 이내로 운영되었다.

The influencing factors to remove phosphate were evaluated by converter slag (CS). Experiments were performed by batch tests using different CS sizes and column test. Solutions were prepared at the different pH and concentrations. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained over 98% with the finest particle size, CSa within 2 hours in batch tests. The removal efficiency was increased in the order of decreasing size with same amount of CS for any pH of solutions. The adsorption data were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm. From the column experiment, the specific factors were revealed that the breakthrough removal capacity (BRC) xb/mcs, was decreased by increasing the influent concentration. The breakthrough time, tb was lasted shorter as increasing the influent concentration. The pH drop simultaneously led to lower BRC drop during the experimental hours. The relation between the breakthrough time and the BRC to influent concentration was shown in the logarithmic decrease. Results suggested that the large surface area of CS possessed a great potential for adsorptive phosphate removal. Consequently particle size and initial concentration played the major influencing factors in phosphate removal by converter slag.