When shooting an object with a microscope, the size of the object is large, so it may not be captured on one screen, or the results may not be good due to dust. It is intended to provide a high-resolution image photographing method and correction method using Photoshop 5.0 program. In particular, when the object is large, a method of synthesizing after split photographing when it is not visible on one screen during micrographing will be provided. In addition, when the background is dark, a background color correction method and a color correction method after imaging are also provided. The photographing method and correction method are presented based on Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. The high-resolution images were taken using Nikon D500 16-80mm VR Kit or Leica M205C, Dhyana400DC.

Smartphone camera quality has been progressing alongside the advancement of the smartphone market. Consequently, there has sparked interest in macro photography of insects using smartphones either through using built-in "macro mode" or accessories like macro lenses, mounts, and auxiliary lighting. However, some limitations have become apparent, including challenges in capturing small insects, a short focal distance of no more than 10 cm, a narrow focus range, and lower image quality compared to dedicated cameras. We introduce an effective knowhow to these problems when taking pictures of insects in the field using a smartphone. And it provides a manual for tele-macro photography in the field, and suggestions for the future direction of smartphone and accessory development.

딥러닝을 이용하여 항공 및 위성 영상 속의 다양한 공간객체를 탐지하는 연구들이 증가하고 있다. 매년 급속하게 증가하는 위성 및 항공사진과 같은 원격탐사의 자료 속에서 특정 공간객체들을 수작업으로 탐지하는 것은 한계를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 딥러닝의 객체 탐지기법을 이용하여 토지피복도 내 공간객체들에 대한 탐지를 시도하였다. 데이터는 국토지리정보원의 항공사진을 활용하였고 농경지에 해당하는 논, 밭, 하우스 재배지 등의 객체들을 탐지하였다. 토지피복을 구성하는 다양한 공간객체들에 대한 탐지를 통해 YOLOv5 모델의 활용 가능성을 탐색하였다.

Simulacre means a copy of the original, an ostensible representation of someone or something. This study closely looks at the 2017 <VOGUE like a painting exhibition> hosted by the fashion magazine Vogue. The purpose of this study is to use both theoretical and empirical analysis to analyze the simulacre developed in fashion photographs inspired by famous paintings in the exhibition booklet. The booklet is divided into four sections: portrait, rococo, landscape painting, from avant-garde to pop art. It also contains 55 pieces comparing the original masterpieces to the works of 26 photographers inspired by them. The fashion photographs were analyzed using Jean Baudrillard’s four stages of simulacre transformation: represent, denature, dissimulate, and replace image change theory. The degree of simulacre expression was indicated three times on a four-point Likert scale by five fashion majors, and the results were integrated and analyzed. As a result, in fashion photography, simulacre— due to the development of photography technology and the photographer’s artistry— appeared in various ways; image denature was most preferred, followed by dissimulate, represent, and replace. This study shows that image analysis of fashion photographs and applying the perspective of simulacre when creating artworks can be a way to obtain rich qualitative data in the future.

본 연구의 목적은 딥러닝의 전이학습 모델을 이용하여 항공사진과 토지이용현황도 간의 비교를 통해 토지이용현황의 변화를 탐지하는 방안을 마련하는 데 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 딥러닝의 이미지 예측모델과 라스터와 벡터 자료를 비교하는 공간분석 기능을 이용하였다. 학습모델 구축을 통해 토지이용현황도의 상업지, 농지, 임지 및 수계에 대한 예측결과를 이용하여 토지이용의 변화를 탐지하는 방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 분석 방안은 라스터 형태의 최신 정보와 벡터 형태의 기존 자료와의 비교를 통해서 자료의 변화를 확인하는 방안으로 활용이 가능하다.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 다양한 방법들을 이용하여 토릭렌즈 마킹 회전량을 평가할때 일치도를 평가측정하고자 하였다. 방법 : 모형안과 콘택트렌즈 착용이 가능한 57안(평균 24.79±1.29세)을 대상으로 토릭소프트렌즈를 제조사의 가이드라인에 따라 피팅한 후, 사진 촬영, 각도기 어플리케이션, 휴대용 돋보기와 세극등 현미경을 사용하여 회전 평가를 진행했을 때의 서로 다른 검사자 간의 검사 결과값을 비교 분석하였고, 서로 다른 회전평가 방법 간의 일 치도는 블랜드 알트만 분석을 사용하였다. 결과 : 서로 다른 검사자 간 같은 회전평가 방법으로 토릭소프트렌즈의 회전량을 측정하였을 때, 측정값의 평 균 차이가 사진 촬영, 각도기 어플리케이션, 휴대용 돋보기, 세극등 현미경 평가 방법 각각 –0.50, -0.70, -0.30, -0.13°로 유사한 결과를 보였다. 회전평가 방법 간 비교에 대해서는 사진 촬영과 각도기 어플리케이션을 사용했을 때, 허용 오차 범위(5°) 내의 측정값이 각각 74.56%, 75.44%로 비교적 낮은 신뢰도를 보였고 휴대용 돋 보기를 사용한 방법에서는 95.61%로 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. 결론 : 토릭소프트렌즈 처방에서 세극등 현미경을 사용할 수 없어도 사진 촬영, 핸드폰 각도기 어플리케이션, 휴대용 돋보기를 통해 토릭소프트렌즈 회전평가에 대한 임상적으로 유용한 결과를 얻을 수 있다.

디지털 기술의 발전에 따라 여러 방식의 무인 감시카메라가 상용화되었지만 기술상의 한계로 식별에 하자가 있는 디지털 증거들이 많은 것이 현실이다. 이러한 증거에 저해상도 사진의 식별력을 높여주는 초해상도 기술을 적용하면 증거의 가용범위를 확장할 수 있다. 초해상도 기술의 정확도가 일정 수준 이상으로 보장되기 시작한 지 얼마 되지 않은 관계로 해당 기술의 결과물에 증거능력을 인정할 수 있을지 여부에 대한 논의가 전무하다. 이 기술의 결과물은 현장의 정보를 그대로 담고 있는 것은 아닌바, 일반적인 증거능력 요건의 만족만으로 증거능력이 긍정되기는 어려울 것이다. 그러나 초해상도 기계학습 전문가가 작성한 검사기록 보고서라는 진술증거로서 증거능력이 인정될 여지가 있다. 이러한 방식으로 증거능력을 인정받기 위해서는 증거능력의 기본 요건인 적법성과 임의성이 갖추어져야 한다. 그리고 여타 전 문증거와 마찬가지로 진술에 대해 전문법칙의 예외의 요건인 필요성과 신뢰성까지 인정되는 경우 에 한하여 증거능력이 긍정될 수 있다. 전문법칙의 예외의 요건 중 신뢰성까지 전문가와 기술 양자에 대하여 요구될 것이다. 본지에서는 기술에 대한 신뢰성을 갖추기 위한 구체적인 기준을 기술적인 관점에서 제시한다.

This study was conducted to explore portion size estimation by comparing the measurement errors of food and macronutrient intake by photography estimation and 24-hour recall from weighing method. A total of 28 female participants aged 20-24 years old were provided a meal that included rice, chard soup with soybean paste, stir-fried squid, japchae, stirfried boiled fish paste, lettuce geotjeori, and kimchi. Each portion was measured accurately, and food intake was measured using three dietary assessment methods. For the photography method, trained researchers estimated remaining food amount by analyzing photographs using a mean of four times. The measurement errors for the stir-fried squid and japchae were larger by the 24-hour recall method, while the error for kimchi was larger by the photography method. The correlation coefficients for each food, except chard soup with soybean paste, between the weighing method and photography method were 0.77~0.99 (p<0.001). The correlation coefficients of energy and intake of macronutrients between the weighing method and photography method were 0.85~0.86 (p<0.001). The results of this study demonstrate substantially less measurement error using the photography method than the 24-hour recall method. However, further research is needed to standardize various kinds of foods, photograph angles, serving plates, and serving style for establishment of reliable and valid portion size estimation using the photography method.

This study is a theoretical research to investigate a methodological framework for analyzing the representation of women in fashion photography. For this study, this article attempts to develop a conceptual framework of the visual representation system through Lacan’s gaze theory, and analyze the representational aspects of women configured by gendered characteristics in the visual representation system. Structuralizing the visual representation system based on that theory, the gaze, the image/screen, and the subject of representation in the Lacan’s triangle diagram are replaced by the camera as the signifier of gaze, the representational image, and the seeing subject respectively. In the visual representation system, the camera creates a male-oriented visual field and structures a relationship of gendered power between male gaze as the seeing subject and female eye as an object to be seen. Looking into the representational aspects of women in this visual representation system structuralized by male gaze, women are represented in a way that reflects male desire through masquerade to comply with the patriarchal gaze, or differences that emphasizes the uniqueness and autonomy of women released from a patriarchal discourse. This study would be significant in that it provides theoretical basis for an analytic approach to the representation of women in fashion photography which we accept as a fixed one through the ideology of naturalization.

This study, which focuses on a masquerade, starts from the concept that all men exist as visual objects as well as visual subjects before discussing an issue of sexuality to inquire into masquerade characteristics of fashion photography. Masquerade is a concept that can describe various and multidimensional attributes of humans in social norms prescribed separately for men and women till now, and the concept has not yet been introduced in the field of fashion. However, it is considered a measure to analyze contemporary expressions of sexuality, on which a need for this research is raised. This study looks into the basic concept of the object and the ego through a psychoanalysis-related literature review. This study, then inquires into Jacques Lacan's notion of gaze and Roger Caillois's theory of mimicry through related specialty publications. This study reinterprets the concept of masquerade from Lacan's perspective and carries out an empirical analysis of masquerade characteristics in contemporary fashion photography based on the result drawn in parallel. Sexual masquerade shown in fashion photography based on the concept of masquerade is as follows: first, it appears as normative sexual description, divided into male and female by social norms; second, sexual ambiguity, obscuring the distinction between the sexes through playful and bombastic forms; and lastly, sexual subversion, disguising as the opposite sex through putting on clothes of the opposite sex.

This paper explores a psychoanalytic reading of the characteristics of Nan Goldin's photography. Goldin, as one of the most prominent artists in new documentary photos in America, has been highly evaluated by her subjects of love and death in her tribes, who are mostly homo-sexual, drag queens, AIDS patients, and drug addicts. She emphasizes her work as a visual diary of her daily life, and attempts to capture a proper memory of her entourage. Upon the loss of her old sister Barbara at the age of 13, Nan left her family and began to take photographs as a desperate effort to forget her tragic loss. Her sister Barbara's premature death due to her suicide left her an indelible trauma, on which she has perpetually pondered. Trauma is a type of damage to the psyche that occurs as a result of a severely distressing event. Sigmund Freud theorized it from physical wounds to psychological symptoms, which might be caused by a depressed sexual desire in early ages and repeats unconsciously in dreams and actions. There are debates on its unique characters, which neither be represented, nor properly remembered, nor verbally claimed, nor clearly experienced. However, Michael White and Judith Herman believed that linguistic expressions could help to heal trauma and that making narrative stories about lives could consolidate the role of the subjectivity. Psychoanalytic studies on trauma and its therapy sheds light on Nan Goldin's photographs of her friends with daily routines. The artist might work as the subject of the story telling. However, her photographs lack the context to develop stories, while providing little concrete meanings or messages. Instead, Goldin communicates with the viewer through her feelings to the image. As the narrator, Goldin strengthens herself as the subject of the emotion and it could enhance sympathy between the artist and the viewer.

인물사진에서 피부 톤은 사진작가가 가장 중요하게 다루는 부분 중 하나이다. 인물사진의 피부 톤 변화에 따른 수용자의 감성과 선호도의 관계를 파악하기 위해 두 가지 실험이 시행됐다. 실험 1은 피부 톤을 어느 정도 변화시 켜야 피실험자들이 그 차이를 감지하는지(JND)를 확인하고, 극단적 단계까지 단계별로 변화시킨 많은 수의 사진들 로 실험하여 대략적 선호 분포를 파악하기 위한 것으로, 밝기가 가장 밝은 사진과 붉은(Red나 Magenta) 피부 톤 선 호를 확인했다. 실험 1의 결과에 따라, 사진의 밝기를 가장 밝은 밝기로 고정하여 실험 사진들의 수를 줄이고, 높은 선호도를 보였던 마젠타는 보색인 그린(Green)과 함께 5단계로 조절하고, 나머지 색채의 샘플은 한 장으로 제한함 으로써 실험 2를 심화했다. 그 결과, 중성색 피부 톤의 공통된 선호와 함께 각 성별집단 간 선호도의 상이점이 발견되었고, ‘행복’하거나 ‘편안’한 감성이 선호도와 긍정적으로 관련이 크다는 결론을 얻었다. 본 연구를 통해 같은 인물사진의 피부 톤의 조정이 그 사진에 대한 사용자의 선호에 유의미한 결과가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of distance measurements from the medial border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae when obtained using tape and photography measurements. The study included 20 healthy subjects (10 males, 10 females); for a total of 40 scapula measurements. The distance measurements made using tape or photography methods were conducted with the subject in a standing position. Repeated tape and photography measurements were conducted in two sessions on different days by two examiners to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the two methods. The reliability of scapular distance measured using tape and photography methods was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(3,1)) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). The inter-rater reliability of the tape measurement method was excellent (ICC=.77) and the intra-rater reliability was fair to good (ICC=.74). The inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of the photography measurement method were excellent (ICC=.76 and .76 respectively). Our results suggest that photography measurement is an objective and qualitative measurement tool for scapular distance measurements.

This paper examines the characteristics of post-modern self-portrait photography. Characteristics of postmodernism associated with the “loss of centeredness,” such as the death of the author, interdisciplinarity, and intertextuality, brought about a number of changes within the self-portrait. The distinction between post-modern and modern self-portraiture can be characterized by the following qualities: appropriation, the use of photography, and the utilization of the human body as an art. The characteristics of post-modern self-portrait photography can be represented through the works of Cindy Sherman, Orlan, and Morimura Yasumasa. By presenting prototypical women in her works, Cindy Sherman not only represents images of those women, but also exposes her fictitious role in the work. She creates a distance between herself in the works and herself in reality and discloses a paternalistic gaze. Meanwhile, Orlan transforms her face into a distorted image and presents it as an alternative identity that is representative of postmodernism. She corrodes the standard concept of identity through plastic surgery and treats the face not as a place where the identity stays, but as a simple body part or fragment of skin. Orlan’s post-human face is malleable according to the artist’s desire to raise the issue of what the human face is, and opposes the structure of modernism. Morimura Yasumasa also appropriates images from masterpieces and presents a hybrid identity between Eastern and Western, male and female, original and replica, and subject and object. In order to dissect social prejudice, he puts forth every single structural dichotomy that coexists in his self-portrait and suppresses a strong ego. He also studies the relationship between ‘seeing’ and being ‘seen’ by trading the painter’s role from that of the subject to that of the object.

Images have invaded nearly every section of our daily lives, from newspapers and magazines to advertisements we see all around. The form that these images take usually is the photograph, accompanied by written (or spoken) words of some sort – and thus actually forming an interaction of text and images. The culmination of this interaction is the so-called “photographic essay”, a series of photographs depicting a specified topic accompanied by text, usually published in a magazine, in a book or on the internet. To understand the potential of both image and word, a close reading of the seminal photo-essay Let Us Pray Famous Men by Walker Evans and James Agee shows that words can be devoid of the logos, the “logic”, argumentative potential of language, whereas images on the other hand can be arranged to make sense in a logical way. Let Us Now Praise Famous Men is read as criticism of the photographic essay as it is used in magazines, a criticism that nonetheless shows why and how the interaction of images with the written word transforms real experiences into experiences of reality, how it makes information happen.

각막 굴절교정수술 전후 각막미란 및 안구건조증에 대한 변화양상을 비교하기 위해 정량적 검사지표와 Diagnostic corneal surface digital photography를 이용한 Oxford corneal stain grading scheme을 사용하여 이들 검사지표의 변화와 유용성을 분석하고, LASIK 과 LASEK 시술군의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 굴절교정수술을 위해 내원한 환자 134명 (267안)을 대상으로 한 명의 술자가 LASIK(110안)과 LASEK(157안)을 시행하였고, 수술 방법에 따라 두 군으로 나누어, 술 전과 술 후 7일, 1개월, 3개월 및 6개월에 각각 Tear break-up time(TBUT), Fluorescein stained corneal surface digital photography를 시행하였고, 또한 술 전과 술 후 1개월 3개월에 Schirmer test를 시행하여, 술 후 각막미란 및 안구건조증 검사지표의 변화양상을 관찰하였다. Digital photography 에서 Corneal staining은 Oxford scheme을 이용하여 하였다. 안구건조증에 대한 정량적 검사 지표는 두 군 모두 수술 초기에 건조증이 심하였다가 시간이 경과할수록 회복되는 양상을 보였다. TBUT와 Schirmer test는 추적 관찰기간 내내 술전 보다 낮았고(p

Naphthothiazolo carbocyanine is of industrial importance as red-sensitizing dye in the spectral sensitization of emulsion microcrystals in negative film-making. In this study, red-sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-4,5-naphthothiazolium(inner salt) with triethyl orthoacetate in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as Elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR spectrometer, TGA and DSC. The maximum absorption peak in methanol solvent was 573nm. Therefore, it was concluded that naphthothiazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as red0sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.