건강기능성 물질을 함유하며 고유의 색과 향미를 가지는 유색감자 홍영 분말을 첨가한 반죽 및 면의 물리화학적 특성을 확인하였다. 홍영 미세 분말은 ball-milling을 통하여 제조하였으며, 매우 낮은 입자도로 인하여 감자의 세포 및 전분 구조가 파괴되어 손상 전분의 함량이 높았다. 이 같은 손상 전분은 낮은 온도에서 물을 흡수하고 팽창하는 성질이 높아 일반 분쇄를 통하여 얻은 분말로 제조한 반죽에 비하여 BM 분말을 반죽에 첨가하였을 때 탄성이 높고 자유수가 적은 반죽 및 면이 제조되었다. 입자 크기를 달리하여 분쇄한 홍영 분말의 경우 손상 전분이 아닌 첨가 분말의 표면적에 의하여 영향을 받으므로 입자 크기가 클수록 반죽 내의 자유수가 많아 열처리 시 더 많은 호화가 발생하였다. 홍영 분말을 첨가한 경우 홍영 특유의 붉은색이 증가함을 확인하였으며, 홍영 분말의 입자 크기가 커질수록 적색도가 감소하였다. 홍영 분말의 다양한 입자 크기에 따라 손상 전분의 발생 및 입자의 표면적에 의하여 서로 다른 호화 특성 및 면 반죽의 조직감을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 미세 분말(BM)의 경우 손상 전분으로 인하여 생반죽의 탄성이 밀가루에 비하여 매우 높아 성형에 더 많은 힘이 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 미세 분말인 BM 분말과 다르게 생반죽의 성형이 용이하면서 홍영 특유의 붉은 색을 가장 잘 나타내며, 조리 이후 반죽의 탄성을 향상시키고 밀가루와 인장력에 유의차가 나타나지 않는 R1 및 R2 분말로 제조한 면이 우수한 품질을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 전분을 함유하는 대체 분말을 이용한 제면 제품의 개발 시 입자 크기의 결정에 대한 기반이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study is a part of high strength lightweight aggregate concrete researches using lightweight aggregates and the purpose of this study is to find out the basic physical characteristics and tension cracking fracture characteristics of lightweight concrete. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement is measured through three point flexure experiment about embellish notch beam. Load-CMOD characteristics are examined through rules of countries, characteristics of lightweight concrete and tension cracking fracture experiments. The degree of tensile characteristic alteration according to size changes of specimen and the characteristics about crack surface are analyzed. The changes of softening curve are analyzed and fracture energy is drawn through inverse analysis by the obtained Load-CMOD curve. To decide fracture energy and analysis parametric, inverse analysis is conducted and Ant Colony Method is conducted for optimization and then a way to find out optimal parameterization fracture energy is suggested.

F-76 선박용 디젤유와 JP-8 항공유의 연소과정에서 발생되는 입자상물질(PM)의 무차원 광소멸계수를 Transmission Cell를 이용하여 측정하였다. 무차원 광소멸계수의 측정방식은 각각 광원의 파장길이가 633 nm와 853 nm인 대역에서 중력식 필터법에 의해 채집된 PM의 농도와 광학적 방법에 의해 측정된 PM의 농도를 비교하는 방법을 통해 이루어졌다. 광원의 파장길이, 633 nm 대역에서 측정된 무차원 광소멸계수는 F-76의 연료에서 발생된 PM의 경우 8.8인 반면 JP-8 연로부터 생성된 PM의 경우 9.8이였다. 한편 광원 파장길이가 853 nm로 증가함에 따라 두 연료 모두에서 발생된 PM의 무차원 광소멸계수는 각각 8.2 (F-76)와 8.8 (JP-8)로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

경상도, 전라도와 제주도 삼나무 임지에 대하여 임분 내 임분피해특성과 역학적 특성들 간의 상관관계를 분석하고 피해목 발생량을 조사하였다. 임분피해특성 샘플을 정상목, 변색목, 동공, 수간부 굴곡 그리고 상처로 구분하여 표준지에서 채취하였다. 각 샘플의 물리 및 역학적 특성을 분석한 결과, 압축강도 값은 정상목, 부후목, 변색목, 동공, 수간부굴곡, 상처에서 각각 53.22, 40.63, 54.14, 51.65, 59.11, 51.87 Mpa 이었고 평균전단강도 값은 15.65, 12.10, 15.51, 15.47, 16.69, 14.57 Mpa이었다. 부후목의 압축 및 전단강도는 정상목 보다 각각 24%, 23% 감소하였지만 다른 임분 피해요소의 큰 차이는 없었다. 부후목 발생량은 경상남도, 전라도, 제주도에서 각각 16.39, 9.09, 10.00%이었다.

PURPOSES : This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) as a testing method that can predict cracking on pavement. METHODS: Three asphalt binders and one kind of aggregate were used in this study, and all asphalt mixtures were produced using Gyratory Compactor followed asphalt mix design. The ITS test was performed for the mixture which are artificially short-term aged using the oven. The ITS properties were analyzed by air void, compaction temperature, asphalt content, and asphalt binder. RESULTS: The results of this study indicated that (1) the compaction temperature did not show relationship with the ITS test; (2) there was no specific trend between the asphalt content and the ITS test; (3) the ITS could reveal the property of kinds of asphalt binders; (4) the asphalt mixture that were produced at optimum temperature suggested by manufacturer did not exhibit optimum result for all asphalt binder. CONCLUSIONS : The possibility of ITS was confirmed from this study for replacement of the Marshall Stability method. However, it needs to perform in further studies of aggregate and compaction property to suggest a new ITS standard value.

Tuberculation and slime accumulated in water mains play an important role in modifying water quality of drinking water. Therefore, in this study, it was investigated that what materials were accumulated, and what components were included in the tuberculation and slime of water mains. The Various tuberculation and slime sample were collected from the 12 water mains to analyze their physical and chemical properties and crystal structure. As a analysis method, VSS(Volatile suspended solid), SEM(scanning electron microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscope), ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) and XRD(X-Ray Diffractomete) were used. The results of analysis on the samples, the representative materials were verified such as iron corrosion products, the fine sand particles generated during backwash, fine particles of activated carbon, aluminum used in coagulation process, and manganese included in raw water.

Swelling of the heat-treated netting for gillnet was estimated through the netting height in square acrylic tank. Experimental Nylon netting and PBSAT netting were heat-treated by using the high-degree vacuum method in hot water after net making. Heat-treatment temperatures were conducted with Nylon netting 105°C and PBSAT netting 62°C, 65°C, 66°C, 67°C. The swelling measurement method of a netting using the square tank was capable of the reduction measurement errors comparing with measurement methods of a mesh inner angle and the shortening rate of a mesh size. In addition, this method was available to comparison evaluation for each netting more easily. Wet type heat-treatment apparatus with high-degree vacuum was shown higher 7∼8°C inner side temperature than a setting temperature. The tensile strength and elongation of Nylon netting and PBSAT netting were shown higher wet condition than dry condition. The tensile strengths of PBSAT monofilaments in dry and wet condition were sharply decreased at heat-treatment temp. 75°C than heat-treatment temp. 74°C

The study aimed to determine the physical characteristics of estrus mucus and conception rates in dairy cattle. Samples of estrus mucus from the cervix were collected from 108 dairy cattle during heat and were examined for color and consistency. Samples were taken from bred animals at starting from day of breeding to the completion of one estrus cycle. The color of the cervical mucus was studied based on its transparency while the consistency was based on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The dairy cattle were bred and the pregnancy diagnosis was performed at the 60th day post breeding. Findings showed that the estrus mucus of the dairy cattle was transparent in 58.3%, turbid in 31.5% and dirty in 10.2%. It was further observed that the mucus consistency of the dairy cattle was thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9%. In the pregnant group, 67.3% mucus samples were found transparent, turbid in 23.6% and dirty in 9.1%. However, the corresponding figures for the non-pregnant group had 49.1%, 39.6% and 11.3%. The consistency of cervical mucus was found to be thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9% of dairy cattle. The conception rates of dairy cattle with thin and thick consistency of cervical mucus were 81.8% and 18.2%, respectively. Pregnant was associated with consistency of cervical mucus (p<0.10). Findings indicated that dairy cattle with thin consistency of cervical mucus and had clear discharge were pregnant cows.

Several nitrile-functionalized ionic liquids have been prepared and characterized. An attempt was made to systematically characterize nitrile-functionalized ionic liquids on the basis of a few kinds of cations and anions. The detailed comparison of the differences in physicical characteristics such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermal stability, viscosity, solubility property, and electrochemical property before and after incorporation of a nitrile group were studied. The results showed that the incorporation of a nitrile group to cations could result in remarkable changes in these properties.

To realize high-performance thin film solar cells, we prepared CIGS by the co-evaporation technique on both sodalime and Corning glass substrates. The structural and efficient properties were investigated by varying the thickness of the Mo:Na layer, where the total thickness of the back contact was fixed at 1μm. As a result, when the Mo:Na thickness was 300 nm on soda-lime glass, the measured Na content was 0.28 %, the surface morphology was a plate-like compact structure, and the crystallinity by XRD showed a strong peak of (112) preferential orientation together with relatively intense (220) and (204) peaks as the secondary phases influenced crystal formation. In addition, the substrates on soda-lime glass effected the lowest surface roughness of 2.76 nm and the highest carrier density and short circuit current. Through the optimization of the Mo:Na layer, a solar conversion efficiency of 11.34% was achieved. When using the Corning glass, a rather low conversion efficiency of 9.59% was obtained. To determine the effects of the concentration of sodium and in order to develop a highefficiency solar cells, a very small amount of sodium was added to the soda lime glass substrate.

이 연구는 3-(1,8나프탈이미도)프로필메타아크릴레이트(NIPM)와 GMA공중합체의 합성과 물성에 관한 과제로서 나프탈이미드 발색단을 가진 공중합체의 조성, 모노머 반응성비, 공명효과(Q)와 극성효과 (e), 형광특성 등을 조사하였다. Azobisisobutyronitronitryl(AIBN) 개시제와 dimethylformamide(DMF) 용매를 60℃에서 공중합하였다. Fineman-Ross(F-R)와 Kelen-Tṻdṏs(K-T)법으로 부터 단량체 반응성비를 구하였으며, r₁값이 r₂보다 크게 나타났다. NIPM이 공중합체내에서 GMA보다 더 많음을 알 수 있다. 380 nm에서 약한 분자 형광띠와 460 nm에서 강한 중합체 엑시머 형광띠가 나타났다.

찰벼 품종 별 파보일드미 제조 후 물리적 특성 및 호화특성을 조사하였다. 경도는 품종 중 신선찰이 가장 높고한강찰이 낮았으며 원료미보다 파보일링 후 약 1.6-3.8배증가되었다. 고형분 함량은 파보일링 후 약 1.1-1.4배 감소되었고, 물결합력은 품종 중 화선찰벼가 가장 높고 파보일링 후 1.9-5.3배 향상되었다. 색도는 L값이 원료미보다감소되어 어두워지는 경향을 나타냈고, 용해도와 팽윤력은원료미의 경우 상온(25oC)보다 75oC에서 높았고, 파보일드미의 경우 팽윤력은 증가되었으나 용해도는 감소되었다.호화 특성 중 호화개시온도는 62.1-69.4oC 범위로 한강찰을 제외한 품종 간 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 파보일링 후낮아졌다. 최고점도는 172.0-234.6RVU로 원료미보다 1.2-3.6배 높아졌으며, 치반 점도는 한강찰을 제외한 모든 품종에서 원료미보다 값이 낮아졌고 −값을 나타내 노화가 느리게 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. X-선 회절 각도는 원료미와파보일드미 모두 A형 pattern을 나타냈고, 전분입자의 상대적인 결정화도 값은 파보일링 후 9-30% 감소되어 결정구조가 파괴되었다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

N,N,N-Trimethyl-10-nitrophenoxy decylammonium bromide (N10TAB) and N,N,N,N-Tetramethyl-bis-〔10-nitrophenoxy decyl〕-1,6-hexanediammonium dibromide (N10-6-10N), bearing aromatic nitrophenoxy group in the end of their hydrophobic chains have been prepared, and their properties in aqueous solutions have been studied by conductivity and H-NMR spectroscopy. Below the critical micelle concentration N10-6-10N form premicelle with two or three surfactant molecules. Beyond the critical micelle concentration two molecules have strong self-aggregation ability and form micelles of rather small size and with small aggregation numbers. H-NMR at different concentrations give the informations on the environmental changes of the surfactants on their micellization progress.

목 적: 안구건조증의 일반적인 치료제로 사용되는 포비돈과 히알루론산염이 포함된 인공누액이 하이드로 젤 콘택트렌즈에 미치는 영향을 다양한 조건에서 분석 하였다. 방 법: 본 연구에 사용된 친수성 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 제조를 위해 교차결합제인 EGDMA(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)와 HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)를 기본 조합으로 사용하여 참조물을 제조하였다. 또한 20%의 NVP(n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)와 MMA (methyl methacrylate)를 첨가하여 함수율 별로 다양하게 중합하였다. 공중합된 콘택트렌즈를 인공누액에 각각 1시간, 2시간 그리고 72시간 침지시킨후 제조된 렌즈의 함수율과 접촉각을 측정하였다. 결 과: 제조된 콘택트렌즈의 기본 물성을 측정한 결과, 포비돈 참조물의 경우, 함수율 27.22~48.13%, 접촉각 70.48~41.43°의 범위로, 히알루론산염 참조물의 경우, 함수율 26.42~48.42%, 접촉각 70.21~44.66°의 범위로 나타났다. 또한 제조된 콘택트렌즈를 인공누액에 침지시킨 후 측정한 물리적 특성은 포비돈을 포함한 인공누액의 경우, 함수율 26.10~47.90%, 접촉각 43.54~81.23°의 범위로, 히알루론산염을 포함한 인공누액의 경우, 함수율 24.89~48.35%, 접촉각 38.56~68.58°의 범위로 나타났다. 침지 시간에 따른 물성 변화는 포비돈의 경우 함수율의 감소 및 접촉각의 증가, 히알루론산염의 경우 함수율 및 접촉각의 감소를 나타내었다. 결 론: 포비돈과 히알루론산염을 포함한 인공누액은 친수성 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 함수율과 접촉각에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

This study investigated a developed process for producing a composite bipolar plate having excellent conductivity by using coal tar pitch and phenol resin as binders. We used a pressing method to prepare a compact of graphite powder mixed with binders. Resistivity of the impregnated compact was observed as heat treatment temperature was increased. It was observed that pore sizes of the GCTP samples increased as the heat treatment temperature increased. There was not a great difference between the flexural strengths of GCTP-IM and CPR-IM as the heat treatment temperature was increased. The resistivity of GPR700-IM, heat treated at 700℃ using phenolic resin as a binder, was 4829 μΩ·cm which was best value in this study. In addition, it is expected that with the appropriate selection of carbon powder and further optimization of process we can produce a composite bipolar plate which has excellent properties.

PURPOSES : In this study, various laboratory tests were performed to investigate basic physical properties of the asphalt concrete which uses wasted vinyl aggregates. METHODS : The thermal conductivity, ultrasonic velocity, Marshall stability, flow, indirect tensile strength were measured according to binder content and wasted vinyl aggregate content. An experimental construction was performed to verify construct ability of the asphalt pavement using the wasted vinyl aggregates. RESULTS : The thermal conductivity and ultrasonic velocity decreased showing insulation effect by mixing more wasted vinyl aggregate, whereas stability and flow increased. The void ratio shows similar value regardless of the mixing ratio. The highest indirect tensile strength was measured at 2.5% of wasted vinyl aggregate content. The construct ability was verified by observing the process of mixing, placing, and compaction and the state of the pavement surface. CONCLUSIONS : The basic properties and construct ability of the asphalt concrete using the wasted vinyl aggregates were verified. The temperature according to pavement depth will be measured to verify the insulation effect of the wasted vinyl aggregates. In addition, amount of snowfall, snowmelt area, and ice adhesion strength will be analyzed quantitively.

목적: 인공 누액은 눈의 습윤성을 향상시키기 위한 중요한 재료로 사용된다. 클로르헥시딘 글루콘산염 은 인공 누액에 사용되는 일반적인 재료 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈에 미치는 클로르헥시딘 글루콘산염을 포함한 인공누액의 영향을 다양한 조건에서 분석 하였다. 방법: 본 연구에 사용된 친수성 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 제조를 위해 HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)와 교차결합제인EGDMA(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)를 기본 조합으로 사용하여 참조물 을 제조하였다. 재료의 중합을 위해 oven을 통한 열중합 방식을 사용하였으며, cast mould 방법을 사용하여 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈를 성형하였다. 열중합 조건으로는 교반된 단량체를 몰드에 주입시키고80℃에서 약 1 시간 30분, 100℃에서 약 40분 열처리 공정을 거쳐 중합을 완성하였다. 공중합된 콘택트렌즈를0.9%의 염화나트륨 생리 식염수에 24시간 수화시킨 후 인공누액에 1시간, 2시간, 그리고 72시간 각각 침지시켰다. 결과: 제조된 콘택트렌즈의 기본 물성을 측정한 결과 함수율 26.38~48.22%, 굴절률 1.422~1.455, 가 시광선 투과율 90.0~91.4%로 나타났으며 접촉각은 42.00~70.09°의 범위로 나타났다. 또한 제조된 콘택트 렌즈를 인공누액에 침지시킨 후 측정한 물리적 특성은 함수율 26.39~49.19%, 굴절률 1.420~1.455, 가시광 선 투과율 91.2~87.0%로 나타났으며 접촉각은 29.55~67.16°의 범위로 나타났다. 수화시간에 따른 물성 변 화는 굴절률의 감소, 함수율의 증가 및 접촉각의 감소를 나타내었다. 결론: 안구 내의 습윤성을 향상시키는데 사용되는 클로르헥시딘 글루콘산염을 포함한 인공누액은 친수 성 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 함수율, 굴절률, 접촉각, 그리고 광투과율에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

Weeds are the major hindrance in the adoption of conservation agriculture in a rice wheat cropping system. There exists a conflict in the agronomic and soil requirements between a conventional rice production system and the following wheat crop. Puddling in the conventional rice productions system helps in controlling weeds in rice and following crops, but disturbs the soil structure resulting in poor stand establishment of the following wheat crop. This study was conducted to monitor the soil properties, weed dynamics and stand establishment of wheat grown by conventional and conservation tillage options after different rice production systems. Maximum soil bulk density and root penetration resistance was observed after a conventional flooded rice system with the lowest values in aerobic rice culture. Wheat stand establishment was impeded following flooded rice system; however this was quite better after the aerobic rice. However, after flooded rice, wheat stand establishment was improved with deep tillage. Hydropriming was better in improving the stand establishment than osmopriming. Weed biomass was highest after the aerobic rice; however it was a minimum after the flooded rice. Amongst the tillage systems in wheat, maximum weed flora was observed in zero tillage; however that was a minimum in bed sowing. Conservation agriculture may help in improving the stand establishment in rice wheat cropping system by improving soil physical properties, but weeds are still a major threat to adopting this form of agriculture.