본 논문에서는 무도상 철도판형교에 열차하중이 재하되었을 때 변위를 최소화시키는 하부 수평브레이싱의 보강 형상 및 설치 위치를 검토하였다. 우선 거더와 수평 브레이싱으로 연결된 2거더 구조계의 전체 횡좌굴모멘트에 영향을 주는 요소를 검토하였다. 다음 으로는 무도상 철도판형교의 하부를 설치 위치를 달리하여 수평브레이싱으로 보강하였다. 보강된 무도상 철도판형교에 열차하중 및 거 더의 중심과 열차하중의 재하위치간의 편심거리(e)에 따라 발생하는 축방향의 비틀림모멘트를 고려하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 보강모 델별로 지간 중앙에서의 단면의 중심에서 발생하는 변위를 검토하여 변위를 최소화시키는 모델을 선정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 무도상 철도판형교에 열차하중 재하시 변위를 최소화시키는 하부 수평브레이싱의 보강 형상 및 설치 위치를 제안하였다.

This study aimed to suggest a suitable collar pattern by visually evaluating the appearance of the amount of collar drape by the starting position of the lapel line of a double-breasted tailored jacket using a 3d virtual fitting program. It created an avatar based on the mean size of women in their 20s (the 8th Size Korea) using clo network (double fastening: 10cm, collar width: 4.5cm, collar stand: 3cm, and lapel width: 8.5cm). The starting of the lapel twist line was waistline level, the 1/2 level of bustline and waistline, or bustline level, and collar laying amount was 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, or 7.5cm. It was evaluated by garment construction experts using 5, 6, and 4 items on the front, sides, and back, respectively. Descriptive statistics, F-test, Duncantest, and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS 22. When collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. Under waist line, when collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. When collar laying amount was large, the collar’s outline length increased, resulting in unnecessary wrinkles from the neckline to the lapel, affecting the overall collar appearance. When collar laying amount was the smallest, the collar was lifted and the width was narrowed, exposing the seam connecting the collar and neckline. The length of the collar’s outline varied depending on collar laying amount, which was important to make the outline sit comfortably on the body.

최적 운항자세 선정 기술이란 주어진 운항 배수량과 운항 선속에서 최소의 저항을 가지는 즉, 최적의 연료 소비 효율을 가지는 초기 선수흘수와 선미흘수를 제시하는 것이다. 본 논문의 주 목적은 대상선박의 유효동력 데이터를 기반으로 주어진 운항조건에서 최대 의 에너지효율을 가지는 최적의 운항자세를 선정하는 프로그램 개발하는 것이다. 본 프로그램은 인공지능 기법에 의한 파이썬 기반 GUI(Graphical User Interface)로 작성되어 선주가 쉽게 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그 과정에 있어 대상 선박 소개, 전산유체역학(CFD)을 통한 유효동력 데이터 수집, 심층학습을 사용한 유효동력 모델 학습 방법 그리고 심층신경망(DNN) 모델을 응용한 최적 운항자세 제시 프로그 램을 구체적으로 설명하였다. 선박은 운항 별로 화물을 싣고 내리게 되고, 이에 화물 적재량이 변화되고 배수량이 변경된다. 선주는 배수 량 별 예상 선속에 따라 최소저항을 가지는 즉, 최대의 에너지효율을 가지는 최적의 운항자세를 알고자 한다. 개발된 GUI는 해당선박의 태블릿 PC와 앱에 설치하여 최적 운항자세 선정에 활용 가능하다.

Rotylenchus pini Mamiya, 1968 was reported from rhizospheric soils of Zoysia japonica in Korea. Females and males of the characterized population conform to the original species description from Japan and also to other subsequent species descriptions with variations in a few details in morphometrics including the existence of pharyngeal gland overlap in some specimen. Bayesian analysis of all the three DNA markers consistently grouped R. pini together with Rotylenchus species including R. zhongshanensis, a morphologically close species. Additionally, the newly obtained sequences of R. pini were found to be almost identical to the sequences assigned to Rotylenchus aff. devonensis in GenBank. These Rotylenchus aff. devonensis isolates might be representatives of R. pini populations. The current and previous phylogenetic studies supported by the recorded morphological plasticity within populations of the genus validate the proposed synonymy of Pararotylenchus with Rotylenchus.

Background: Proprioception in the ankle joint is important for maintaining balance. There is a correlation between joint position sense (JPS), balance and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of talocrural joint mobilization (TJM) and muscle energy technique (MET) of plantar flexor muscle (PF) on improving joint position sense (JPS) and static balance. Design: Cross-over randomized trial research. Methods: Sixteen participants (male 10, female 6; 20’s of their age) without ankle instability were recruited. In a randomized, three conditions, no intervention, talocalcaneal mobilization, and PF-MET were all applied to 16 participants. For TJM, the Kaltenborn grade 3 joint gliding method, in which the talus moves posteriorly perpendicular to the tacrocrural joint plane, were used. In the PF-MET, MET method were applied gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle with 25% of 1 Repeat Maximum of each muscle. The all participants performed PF-MET and TJM for 18 minutes. DF-ROM measured the weightbearing lunge test. JPS measured using the active joint angle reproduction test. Static balance was measured displacement of center of pressure parameter. Results: PF-MET and TJM had significant differences in DF-ROM and AP displacements. PF-MET significantly increased at 5° and 15° of plantar flexion and 5° of dorsiflexion, and COP velocity significantly decreased in JPS compared to TJM. Conclusion: PF-MET and TJM are effective in increasing DF-ROM. However, PF-MET has a more positive effect on improving JPS and static balance than on talocrural joint mobilization.

복부 MRI 검사에서 높은 수준의 병렬기법을 적용 시 영상의 질을 떨어뜨리는 둘러겹침인공물을 빈번히 생성한다. 이것 은 구조물이 겹쳐서 나타나는 현상으로 복부 인체 구조상 양쪽 팔이 맞닿아 있어서 FOV를 벗어난 양쪽 팔이 영상의 반대 방향 인공물을 발생하는 문제를 초래한다. 이러한 제한점으로 복부 MRI 검사에서는 두경부 및 근골격 검사 부위와 비교하 여 낮은 수준의 병렬기법을 적용하여 검사 시간을 증가시키는 문제가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 팔을 위로 올리는 자세를 활용하여 환자의 간단한 자세의 변화를 통하여 병렬기법을 극대화하여 검사 시간을 최소화하면서 영상의 인공물을 제거하 는 데 목적을 두었다. T2, T1 강조 영상을 관상면으로 획득하였다. 연구의 재현성을 높이기 위하여 작은 팬텀을 나란히 놓고(팔 내리는 자세), 한번은 작은 팬텀을 제거하고 영상을 (팔 올리는 자세) 각각 병렬기법인 SENSE 가속인자를 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0까지 10번씩 획득한 후 영상의 불균일도를 측정하였다. 팬텀으로 확인하기 어려운 인체 부위 의 영상을 확인하기 위하여 정상인 자원자 1명을 대상으로 팬텀 연구와 같은 매개변수 조건으로 영상을 획득하였다. SENSE 가속인자가 높아질수록 팔을 올리는 자세에서 영상의 불균일도가 낮게 측정이 되었고 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타 났다. 본 연구는 간단한 자세 변화만으로 병렬기법을 극대화하며 영상획득 시간 단축 및 인공물을 개선방안을 제시하는 데 의의가 있다.

In this study, we evaluate artificial neural network (ANN) models that estimate the positions of gamma-ray sources from plastic scintillating fiber (PSF)-based radiation detection systems using different filtering ratios. The PSF-based radiation detection system consists of a single-stranded PSF, two photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) that transform the scintillation signals into electric signals, amplifiers, and a data acquisition system (DAQ). The source used to evaluate the system is Cs-137, with a photopeak of 662 keV and a dose rate of about 5 μSv/h. We construct ANN models with the same structure but different training data. For the training data, we selected a measurement time of 1 minute to secure a sufficient number of data points. Conversely, we chose a measurement time of 10 seconds for extracting time-difference data from the primary data, followed by filtering. During the filtering process, we identified the peak heights of the gaussian-fitted curves obtained from the histogram of the time-difference data, and extracted the data located above the height which is equal to the peak height multiplied by a predetermined percentage. We used percentage values of 0, 20, 40, and 60 for the filtering. The results indicate that the filtering has an effect on the position estimation error, which we define as the absolute value of the difference between the estimated source position and the actual source position. The estimation of the ANN model trained with raw data for the training data shows a total average error of 1.391 m, while the ANN model trained with 20%-filtered data for the training data shows a total average error of 0.263 m. Similarly, the 40%-filtered data result shows a total average error of 0.119 m, and the 60%-filtered data result shows a total average error of 0.0452 m. From the perspective of the total average error, it is clear that the more data are filtered, the more accurate the result is. Further study will be conducted to optimize the filtering ratio for the system and measuring time by evaluating stabilization time for position estimation of the source.

본 연구는 수직 벽체형 콘크리트 구조물의 정밀안전진단을 위한 외관조사시 고품질 정밀영상을 자동화된 방식으로 획득하여 균열손상을 탐지하고 시설물의 상태를 평가하기 위하여 개발된 등벽드론 탑재형 균열진단 시스템에 대한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 영상기반 균열진단 시스템을 이용한 정밀영상 획득기술, 자동화된 영상처리 알고리즘을 이용한 데이터 처리 기법을 제시하였으며, 실험적으로 도출된 지상표본거리를 기반으로 영상처리 자동화 알고리즘을 이용하여 생성된 균열모사 시험벽체의 평면전개 이미지 상 균열손상의 위치 정확도를 평가 분석하였다. 평가분석 결과, 가로축 길이 대비 최대 1.1%, 세로축 길이 대 비 최대 1.4%의 오차율을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 제안된 영상 내 픽셀 좌표와 지상표본거리를 기반으로 균열손상의 위치를 추정하는 기법은 실측 좌표 대비 평균 1.0% 이하의 위치 오차를 가지는 것으로 평가되었다. 최종적으로 영상기반 진단과 긴급 보수와 같은 일반적인 시설물의 유지관리에 요구되는 위치 정확도를 확보하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

The nonlinear simple pendulum is investigated to find the exact closed-form analytical solution, satisfying initial conditions of angular position and angular velocity. While previous numerous studies have been conducted on the nonlinear simple pendulum, the exact closed-form analytical solution still remains not available in public domain for the most general initial condition including initial angular velocity as well as initial angular displacement. In this paper, the exact closed-form analytical solution for the general initial conditions is derived using Jacobi’s elliptic function and elliptic integral. The result was verified by comparing it with previous studies and the numerical solution of the equation of motion through the Runge-Kutta integration method.

This paper proposes a method to improve the position control synchronization performance by synchronizing the controller operation between servo drives based on the synchronization signal of the EtherCAT(Ethernet for Control Automation Technology)distributed clock. In order to synchronize the operation of the controller between the servo drives, the phase of the operating frequency of the PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) module for motor control was synchronized based on the synchronization signal. At this time, the operation sequence of the current, speed, and position controller of the servo drive operating based on the PWM operating frequency was rearranged. Therefore, the servo drives on the network run the same controller at the same time. And the time at which the master's command is reflected to the drive's controller and the time at which the drive's status information is acquired coincided among the drives. After establishing an experimental environment in which servo drives are arranged in the EthercCAT network system, we verified that the position synchronization performance between servo drives applying the proposed method is improved.

To efficiently manage the waste packages like drums, it is meaningful to utilize the data of placement and emplacement of disposed waste in geological storage. For the transparent and real-time management of disposal data, both technical as well as administrative factors must be included. To this end, MIRAE-EN Co., Ltd. has developed a radioactive waste tracking and management system (m-trekⓇ v1.0) through radioactive waste management life cycle which is supported by KETEP. Enhancing the functional features of m-trekⓇ, IoT-based drum location measuring and data of those drums, such as position, radionuclides, activity, and dose etc., are to be collected and monitored through data modeling and visualization, which might be utilized in emplacing the loaded drums according to specifically certain criteria of internal and external data of disposal site. Position measuring using Beacon utilizes Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to locate the correct position in 3D area. Since RSSI is affected by the surrounding environment, it is required to corrective optimization. In addition, error and deviation of previously applied Gaussian filter method, was corrected and improved through AI learning model. According to this location information and those data, the prototype in future provides the visualization of drum position and its relevant data for administrative purpose such as monitoring, emplacement and other management policy.

Radioactive waste is classified into Intermediate level, low level, and very low potential based on the amount of radioactivity per unit gram, that is, the concentration limit. This method of classifying radioactivity per unit weight is not a problem if all packaged wastes are homogeneous. However, the reality is that not all waste is homogeneous. Relative hotspots may exist. Also, when several items are mixed, if one item has a relatively higher concentration than other items, it can become a relative hotspot. In Korea, even if all nuclides in a single radioactive waste package satisfy the low level concentration limit, if even one nuclide exceeds the concentration limit, the radioactive waste package becomes the intermediate level. In case of the United States, the US NRC provides regulations related to obtaining license as well as presents the technical position on the average waste concentration called Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation Branch Technical Position (CA BTP). CA BTP classifies waste into four types : Blendable Waste, Encapsulated items, Single Discrete Items, and Mixture of Discrete Items, and presents each approach to concentration averaging. In general, this is a method that suggests an acceptable ratio in case of the waste, which relatively high concentration waste is mixed. In order to apply this in Korea, we compare the classification standards for low and Intermediatelevel waste in Korea and the United States, related laws and backgrounds, and the application methods of CA BTP.

The role of QR Code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR Codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR Codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR Codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR Codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR Code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses on indoor mobile robot position recognition and driving experiment using QR Code during the development of QR Code-aware indoor mobility robots.

본 연구는 무릎 MRI 검사 시 무릎의 위치가 보어 중심을 기준으로 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 무릎 연골 T2 값의 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 무릎 질환이 없는 정상인 지원자 10명을 대상으로 하였고 보어 중심을 기준으로 무릎을 오른쪽으로 10 cm 그리고 20 cm 이동시키면서 영상을 획득하였다. 무릎 MRI 영상은 스핀에코기법을 활용하였고 무릎 연골의 T2 값을 계산하기 위해 TE 값은 13.8, 27.6, 41.4, 55.2, 그리고 69 ms로 적용하였다. 신호 측정은 무릎의 내, 외측 관절 융기가 가장 크게 나타난 영상의 대퇴 연골과 경골 연골에서 진행하였다. 연구의 결과, 재구성된 T2 값은 보어 중심에서 멀어질수록 감소하였다 (0 cm: 39.16 ms, 10 cm: 32.59 ms, 20 cm: 26 ms). 또한, 신호 값도 보어 중심에서 그 위치가 멀어질수록 감소하였다 (p<0.00). 특히, 보어 중심에서 20 cm까지 멀어짐에 따라 TE 69 ms의 영상에서 신호 값은 46.2%까지 감소하였다. 무릎 위치와 무릎 연골 T2 값의 상관관계분석 결과는 음의 상관관계 (r=-0.736)가 나타났다 (p<0.00). 결론적으로 MRI 검사에서 무릎 위치는 무릎 연골의 T2 값에 상당한 영향을 미치므로 T2 값의 정확도나 재현성 이 감소할 수 있다. 따라서 무릎 MRI 검사에서 무릎 연골의 정확한 T2 값을 획득하기 위해서는 최대한 보어 중심에서 검사가 이루어져야 한다.

Background: During postural control, older adults are more dependent on proprioception than are young adults. Ankle proprioception, which plays an important role in maintaining postural balance, decreases with age. Published studies are insufficient to establish a significant age difference in postural sway resulting from the known age-related decrease in ankle proprioception and do not examine various detailed test conditions. Objects: The present study aimed to compare ankle proprioception between older and younger groups along dimensions of position vs. force proprioception and dorsiflexion vs. plantarflexion. The present study also aimed to compare postural sway between young and older women during quiet standing under two sensory conditions. Methods: We recruited seven young women aged 21–24 and seven older women aged 60–63. Ankle proprioception was assessed as the accuracy of the joint position sense (JPS) and the force sense (FS). Postural sway was assessed using center-of-pressure measurements recorded during quiet standing under two sensory positions: eyes open and eyes closed with head tilted back. Results: Older women had lower JPS in dorsiflexion and lower FS in plantarflexion than did younger women. We found no significant age differences in JPS in plantarflexion or in FS in dorsiflexion. We observed a main effect of group on postural sway in two sway parameters out of three. We observed significant differences in JPS with dorsiflexion, and in FS with plantarflexion. Conclusion: Proprioception for ankle plantar flexor decreased more significantly with aging than did that for ankle dorsiflexor, accounting for the impaired postural balance observed in older women.

In this experiment, the error according to the measurement method was analyzed for the length, angle, radius of curvature, and diameter of the measurement system analysis using a profile projector device used in the field. One-way analysis was performed on each data tested 30 times using a statistical technique. Through the experiment, it was found that an error occurred in each data when measuring the angle according to the measurement method, and the null hypothesis that no error occurred when measuring the length, inside dia and radius was established.