In order to improve the usability of mealworm and the nutritional quality of acorn Mook mostly composed of carbohydrates, we prepared acorn Mook using with different levels of mealworm powder, and the physico-chemical and sensory evaluation were investigated. In the content of proximate chemical composition, moisture content did not show any significant difference. But crude protein, crude ash, and crude fat contents were increased with increasing mealworm content. Carbohydrate content was reduced as mealworm content increased. Lightness showed no significant difference among treatments, redness was increased, and yellowness was decreased as the amount of mealworm powder increased. In physiological properties, hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and springiness were significantly increased as the amount of mealworm powder decreased. However, adhesiveness and cohesiveness were not significantly different. Ascorbic acid content, activities of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were decreased with increasing amount of mealworm in acorn Mook. In sensory evaluation, acorn Mook containing 0.75% of mealworm powder showed highly preference compared with the control.

목 적 : 유방 MRI검사에서 회전 자장(B1)의 불균일성은 코일의 중심에 검사부위가 없고 우측과 좌측으로 나뉘어진 유방의 해부학적 구조의 영향을 많이 받는다. 또한 환자의 유방과 유방사이, 유방과 코일사이의 air-gap이 증가할수록 B1의 불균 일성도 증가하여 영상의 화질을 저하시킨다. 그러나 최근 유방암 환자의 증가에 따라 비대칭유방 환자 및 편측유방 등 small breast 환자들이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 자체 제작한 phantom과 다양한 B1 calibration scan parameter를 이용하여 small breast에서 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변화에 대한 평가와 영상화질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 검사 대상으로는 Invivo사의 breast phantom과 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하였다. 장비 사에서 권고하는 B1 calibration parameter가 최적의 조건을 나타내는지 평가하기 위한 대상으로 breast coil을 가득 채우는 Invivo사의 breast phantom을 사용하였고, 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하여 small breast일 때 최적의 B1 calibration parameter를 확인하였다. 연구에 사용된 장비는 Philips INGENIA 3.0T(Philips medical system, Netherlands)이고, 신호수집 코일은 16channel Breast coil을 사용하였다. 연구방법은 B1 calibration scan parameter 중 slice thickness(두께)를 5, 8, 12, 15, 20 mm로 Flip angle(FA)을 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 degree로 변화시켜가며 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상을 획득하였다. 정량적 평가로 획 득한 영상의 우측(Rt)과 좌측(Lt)에 각각 5개의 ROI를 그려 신호 대 잡음비(signal to noise ratio; SNR)를 비교 분석하였고 one-way ANOVA(SPSS 18.0K for windows)로 통계 검정하였다. 정성적 평가방법으로는 B1 map profile을 통해 B1의 균일성을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Invivo phantom으로 획득한 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두께별 변화에서는 8 mm, FA별 변화에서는 60°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 자체 제작 phantom에서도 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두 영상 모두 두께가 12mm 일 때 가장 높게 나타났으며, FA은 80°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. B1 profile을 통해 확인한 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 균일도는 두께가 12 mm, FA이 80°일 때 가장 균등한 그래프를 나타냈다. 결 론 : 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 map 분석을 통해 장비사에서 권고된 parameter 변화의 필요성을 제고하고, 최적의 B1 calibration scan parameter를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 small breast 환자의 경우에는 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변 경이 필요하며, 이를 통해 SNR과 B1 균일성이 향상된 진단적 가치가 높은 유방 MRI영상을 얻을 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

In this study, the distribution of each facility group, the pollution level of local municipalities and the status of self-measurement were investigated and analyzed using data provided by the Ministry of Environment. It was found that most of the workplaces to be managed are facilities of sensitive class, indoor parking lots and largescale stores. The results of the survey on the total pollution level by facility group showed that the rate of contamination was the highest in the facilities where there are many sensitive users, including the subway station and the underground shopping malls. Through self-measurement, in the case of fine particle matter, it was found that it was present in amounts of 51.71 μg/m3, 50.72 μg/m3, 44.47 μg/m3 and 54.44 μg/m3 in medical institutions, day care centers, elderly care facilities and postnatal care centers, respectively. Also, there were facilities exceeding the standard in the medical institutions. However, most of the pollutants in the facilities surveyed by the municipality are higher than the self-measured concentrations, so it is necessary to examine the cause of such pollution.

This study undertook to evaluate the quality characteristics of rice, to select a variety suitable for porridge. Seven varieties of rice were studied: Dabo, Daebo, Samkwang, Sindongjin, Sukwang, Jinsumi and Haiami were investigated for proximate contents and physicochemical characteristics. The moisture and crude protein contents of the rice cultivars were in the range 11.26-12.66% and 5.34-6.47%, respectively. The amylose content was the highest in the Samkwang (20.83%), and lowest in Haiami (18.32%). The water binding capacity and solubility of Samkwang and Jinsumi cultivars were greater than those of the other samples. Hardness of rice and viscosity of porridge was the least in Samkwang and Sukwang. The pH of porridge in Samkwang and Jinsumi (7.04) was higher than the other varieties (6.80-7.03). The results of this study indicate that Samkwang and Jinsumi are suitable varieties for porridge. We expect this data will be useful in the manufacturing of porridge.

This study was conducted to provide basic data for establishing water pollution prevention for effluent water from soil and stone quarries and downstream river water by investigating waste water and sewage water processing, as well as the state of legislation related to grit chamber installation and water quality analysis. The pH and DO, BOD, T-P, Total coilform of effluent water and stream water showed higher than Ⅲ class but COD and SS, T-N showed less than Ⅲ class. In addition, concentration of BOD and COD, Turbidity were increased following deepened rainfall intensity. And therefore we devise systematic reduction facility and remedy for prevention of water pollution.

This experiment was conducted to obtain information of feed value and fermentative quality of wheat cultivar, ‘Taejoong’ to confirm availability as a whole crop silage. As a result, the heading date of ‘Teajoong’ is April 27, and plant height is longer than whole crop barley, ‘Youngyang’ or whole crop wheat, ‘Cheongwoo’, spike length are also large, fresh and dry matter yield are also high. In case of feed value, ‘Taejoong’ had higher crude protein content than whole crop barley, ‘Youngyang’ or whole crop wheat, ‘Cheongwoo’, lower NDF and ADF contents, and significantly higher digestible nutrient contents(p<0.05). In case of fermentation qulity, pH of ‘Taejoong’ was 4.2, and lactic acid content was lower than ‘Cheongwoo’ silage and significantly higher than ‘Youngyang’ silage(p<0.05). Acetic acid content was significantly lower than ‘Youngyang’ and ‘Cheongwoo’ silage(p<0.01), butyric acid content was significantly lower than that of ‘Youngyang’ silage (p<0.05). The final Flieg's score showed that ‘Taejoong’ silage was the best. Also income of ‘Taejoong’ improved than ‘Youngyang’ or ‘Cheongwoo’. Therefore, ‘Taejoong’ is considered sufficiently available as whole crop for forage.

Recently, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has been recognized as a core technology of smart water grid, and the relevant market is growing constantly. In this study, we developed all-in-one smart water meter of the AMI system, which was installed on the test-bed to verify both effectiveness and field applicability in office building water usage. Developed 15 mm-diameter smart water meter is a magneto-resistive digital meter, and measures flow rate and water quality parameters (temperature, conductivity) simultaneously. As a result of the water usage analysis by installing six smart water meters on various purposes in office building water usage, the water usage in shower room showed the highest values as the 1,870 L/day and 26.6 liter per capita day (LPCD). But, the water usage in laboratory was irregular, depending on the many variables. From the analysis of the water usage based on day of the week, the water usage on Monday showed the highest value, and tended to decrease toward the weekend. According to the PCA results and multivariate statistical approaches, the shower room (Group 3) and 2 floor man’s restroom sink (Group 1-3) have been classified as a separate group, and the others did not show a significant difference in both water use and water quality aspects. From the analysis of water usage measured in this study, the leak or water quality accident did not occur. Consequently, all-in-one smart water meter developed in this study can measure flow rate and water quality parameters (temperature, conductivity) simultaneously with effective field applicability in office building water usage.

Ecological restoration is an eco-technology, which heals the nature damaged by human activity by imitating organization and function of the integrate nature and thereby provide an inhabitable space for diverse organisms. Such an ecological restoration has to be carried out by applying restoration plan prepared based on the results of diagnostic evaluation discussed in the diversified respects. This study aims to prepare an ecological restoration plan of the damaged forest ecosystem in Mt. Moodeung National Park. To arrive at the goal, first of all, we diagnosed quality of forest landscape established in Mt. Moodeung National Park based on natural (topography, climate, and distribution of vegetation) and artificial (land use, linear landscape element) factors. In addition, we evaluated the integrity of each zone divided by linear landscape element quantitatively based on geometric property and land use intensity. As the result of analysis, topography of Mt. Moodeung National Park tended to be depended on weathering property of parent rock and vegetation zones were divided to three vegetation zones. Based on land use pattern, deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen needle-leaved forest, and mixed forest occupied about 90% of Mt. Moodeung National Park. Mean score of forest landscape quality was shown in 69.86±11.41. As a result, forest landscape elements in Mt. Moodeung National Park were influenced greatly by human activity and the degree was depended on topographic condition. This study suggested the synthetic restoration plan to improve ecological quality of Mt. Moodeung National Park based on the results of diagnostic evaluation.

목 적 : GRAPPA 기법을 이용하는 검사에서 GRAPPA factor는 k-공간 내에 누락시 킬 신호의 양을 결정하고 검사시간을 줄이는 변수이다. 하지만 GRAPPA factor가 증가할수록 영상의 SNR이 저하되고 인공물이 증가하는 제한점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 GRAPPA factor와 ACS Line 수를 변화시켜 영상 화질과의 상관관계를 평가하여 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : VIBE sequence를 사용하여 GRAPPA factor를 2, 3, 4, 5로 ACS Line의 수는 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120로 증가시키고 검사하였다. 화질 평가를 위해 영상의 SNR을 측정하였고 GRAPPA 기법을 이용하지 않은 영상과 GRAPPA 기법을 이용한 영상의 유사성(SSIM)을 평가하였다. 또한 GRAPPA factor를 2, 3, 4, 5로 고정하였을 때 ACS Line과 SNR, ACS Line과 SSIM의 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : GRAPPA factor가 증가 할수록 SNR은 저하되었고 같은 GRAPPA factor의 조건에서 ACS line의 수가 증가 할수록 SNR은 증가되었다. GRAPPA 기법을 이용하지 않은 영상과 GARPPA기법을 이용한 영상의 유사성 평가에서는 GRAPPA factor가 증가 될수록 SSIM은 저하되었고 같은 GRAPPA factor의 조건에서 ACS Line의 수가 증가 될수록 SSIM은 1에 가까워졌다. ACS Line의 수와 SNR의 상관관계분석 결과 GRAPPA factor가 2일 경우 Pearson 상관계수가 0.291, GRAPPA factor가 3일 경우 0.458, GRAPPA factor가 4일 경우 0.779, GRAPPA factor가 5일 경우 0.88로 나타났다. ACS Line의 수와 SSIM의 상관관계분석 결과 GRAPPA factor가 2일 경우 Pearson 상관계수가 0.787, GRAPPA factor가 3일 경우 0.792, GRAPPA factor가 4일 경우 0.918, GRAPPA factor가 5일 경우 0.946로 나타났다. 결 론 : GRAPPA 기법을 이용하는 검사에서 GRAPPA factor를 증가시킬 경우 검사시간이 감소하지만 SNR이 저하되고 인공물이 증가하는 제한점이 있다. 따라서 GRAPPA 기법을 이용하였을 때 검사에 영향을 주지 않은 시간 내에서 ACS Line의 수를 최대로 사용하면 SNR 증강 효과와 더불어 인공물을 개선할 수 있고 GRAPPA factor가 높을 경우 ACS Line의 수를 증가시키면 개선효과가 더 클 것으로 사료된다.

The mobile device users have been increasing significantly because of the development of social network system. Mobile educational serious games are occupying a large portion of the serious game market but there is a lack of the quality evaluation elements for providing useful quality evaluation information about educational serious game to user or developer. This study conducted prioritizing the quality elements of mobile educational serious game contents. Then, these elements are decomposed into sub-elements and resulted into a hierarchical model with three levels. To evaluate the priorities among elements, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is adopted. Additionally, if the evaluation element of this study would be applied into other game contents, it can provide the fundamental information for quality improvement of total mobile educational serious game contents.

The processing properties of spent hen and broiler chicken were investigated before and after treatment to improve texture characteristics. Each treatment consisted steaming (S) with 85℃ for 20 min, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) with 1.5 KV/cm for 4 sec, and Super Heated Steam (SH) with an oven temp. of 300℃, a steam temp. of 350℃ for 8 min. The yield of spent hen and broiler were 66.85% and 63.80% respectively in the control, but decreased in every treatment was lowest at 61.05% in the PEF treatment (p<0.05). In the color test, L value decreased, but the a and b values increased regardless of the species of spent hen or broiler. In the test of heating loss, the S treatment of spent hen had the highest result of 45.25% but lowest of 30.66% in the SH treatment of the broiler. When it was compared with various treatments, SH after PEF treatment showed the better result in terms of heating loss than the PEF or SH treatment respectively. In the test of texture, the broiler showed the lowest hardness of 5.57 kg in the SH (p<0.05). Otherwise, the spent hen resulted in 14.08 kg of hardness in steaming after PEF, but it improved significantly to 10.73 kg in SH after PEF. In the test of 9 scored sensory evaluation of overall palatability, 7.8 point was the best score with SH treatment in the broiler. The best score in spent hen was 6.3 point which was SH after PEF treatment. With this experiment, SH after PEF was the condition in the treatments to have the better texture of spent hen.

목 적: 펨토초레이저(Fentosecond laser)를 이용한 라식 수술 후 이중경로방식(double-pass technique) 으로 시력의 질을 평가하였다. 방 법: 펨토초레이저를 이용한 라식 수술을 받은 중등도 및 고도 근시안(평균 등가구면굴절력: -3.93 ± 1.48 D) 43명(85 안, 평균연령: 26.35 ± 6.86세)을 대상으로 하였다. 시력의 질은 수술 전과 수술 1주일 및 1개월 후에 Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS) 장비를 이용하였고, modulation transfer function(MTF), Strehl ratio, objective scattering index(OSI) 및 객관적 시력(OQAS values, OVs)을 측 정하여 평가하였다. 결 과: 수술 1개월 후 MTF cutoff 값, Strehl ratio, OSI, OV100%, OV20% 및 OV9% 는 각각 41.67 ± 9.99 cycles/degree, 0.24 ± 0.06, 0.45 ± 0.19, 1.41 ± 0.28, 1.06 ± 0.26, 0.66 ± 0.18로 이 값들은 수술 전과 유의한 차이가 없었다(MTF p=0.23, Strehl ratio p=0.19, OSI p=0.19). 또한 객관적 시력 OV100%, OV20%, OV9% 도 모두 수술 전과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.95, p=0.10, p=0.10). 결 론: 펨토초레이저 라식 1개월 후 시력의 질은 수술 전 안경렌즈로 교정한 값과 차이를 보이지 않아 좋 은 시력의 질을 제공하는 것으로 생각된다.

This study was performed to develop and evaluate beverage prepared with optimally roasted seoritae to maximize the isoflavone content and antioxidant activities of the beverage. Isoflavone content was maximized at the roasting temperature of 110℃ for 20 min. Both DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity along with total polyphenol content were highest when seoritae was roasted at 110℃ for 20 min. Western blotting was used to determine the level of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1(NFATc1) involved in controlling osteoclast differentiation. The results showed that NFATc1 had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect when the RoS110 (roasted seoritae at 110℃ for 20 min) samples were processed at varying concentrations (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL). Tea samples were prepared from optimally roasted seoritae by varying brewing times (5~90 min) at 65℃, and tea brewed for 60 min had the highest preference with 65℃ as the preferred temperature for drinking.

This study was performed to evaluate physicochemical properties of model sausages with various levels of pressed cherry fruit extracts alone or in combination with tomato powders as a partial replacement of sodium nitrite. In study 1, physicochemical properties of model sausages were not affected by the addition of pressed cherry fruit extracts(p>0.05), except for Hunter L(lightness) and Hunter a(redness). Model sausages containing pressed cherry fruit extract(T1, 0.5% and T2, 1.0%) decreased lightness, whereas redness of REF(156 ppm sodium nitrite) was not different from T2(p>0.05). However, those with cherry fruit extract at 1% were proper to improve the hunter color values, especially redness values. In study 2, physicochemical properties of model sausages were not affected by the addition of pressed cherry fruit extract and tomato powders in selected nitrite contents, except for color and cooking loss(p>0.05). In color values, REF was the highest level, and T2, T4, and T5 was significantly low level in lightness (Hunter L). T2 was the highest value in cooking loss(%) among other treatments. The redness values(Hunter a) of T5(75ppm, nitrite, 1% pressed cherry fruit extract and 0.5% tomato powder) were not different from REF which had highest redness values(P<0.05). In conclusion, the combination of pressed cherry fruit and tomato powder might be considered as an alternative method to partially replace with sodium nitrite in pork model sausages.

목 적: 후방안내렌즈삽입술 후 이중경로방식(double-pass technique)으로 시력의 질을 평가하였다. 방 법: 중등도 및 고도 근시안(평균 등가구면굴절력: -9.26±1.67 D) 30명(57 안, 평균연령: 26.87± 7.26세)을 대상으로 후방안내렌즈 삽입 전과 삽입 1개월 후 OQAS(Optical Quality Analysis System) 장비 를 이용하여 MTF(modulation transfer function), Strehl ratio, OSI(objective scattering index) 및 객관 적 시력 OVs(OQAS values)를 측정하였다. 수술 전과 수술 1개월 후 모든 측정값을 비교하여 시력의 질을 평가하였으며, 중등도 근시안과 고도 근시군의 수술 후 시력의 질을 비교하였다. 결 과: 후방안내렌즈 삽입 1개월 후 MTF cutoff 값, Strehl ratio, OSI, OV100%, OV20% 및 OV9% 는 각 각 31.23±8.85 cycles/degree, 0.18±0.05, 0.76±0.37, 1.04±0.30, 0.73±0.24, 0.44±0.14로, MTF cutoff 값, Strehl ratio, OSI는 수술 전과 유의한 차이가 없었고(p=0.552, p=0.579, p=0.364), 객관적 시 력 OV100%, OV20%, OV9%도 후방안내렌즈 삽입 전과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.561, p=0.671, p=0.522). 등가구면 굴절력 –6.00 D를 기준으로 나눈 두 그룹 사이에서 수술 1개월 후 MTF cutoff, Strehl ratio, OSI, OV100%, OV20% 및 OV9% 는 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 결 론: 후방안내렌즈 삽입 1개월 후 시력의 질을 나타내는 측정값은 수술 전 안경으로 교정한 시력의 질 과 비교하여 차이가 없었으며, 고도근시안에서도 중등도 근시안과 차이를 보이지 않아 굴절력에 관계없이 좋 은 시력의 질을 제공하는 것으로 평가된다.

Quality has been a key issue to manufacturers. Many distinguished scholars have defined quality with profound insight. Korean firms struggle to make better products to fulfil requirements and satisfy customers. Korean industries have implemented quality management from Japan in early 70s. Statistical quality control, QCC (Quality Control Circle), and total quality management have also been introduced in succession. Chief executive officers, managers, and field employees have been aware of the importance of quality since then. This quality movement force workers to improve quality. They have to maintain the quality of products and compete with foreign products. Korean industries were able to compete with foreign industries in price. However, Korean firms now have to compete in quality as well as price. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) was established and industries around world have started to implement standardized systems depending on their need. ISO 9000 has continuously been revised and firms around world started to register a ISO 9000 certificate. Today’s quality competitiveness gets more deeply involved. KSA (Korean Standard Association) have launched QCAS (Quality Competitiveness Assessment System) since 1997. Up until now recent status of QCAS have been reported but the characteristics of QCAS results have not been analyzed. In this article we examine the QCAS results of 41 firms in 2014. QCAS consisted of 13 subsections : strategy and management system, organization culture and development of human resource, information management, quality system, customer satisfaction, management achievement, TPM, logistics, product development and technology, PL, QCC, SQC/SPC, and reliability. We performed one way ANOVA to discover the difference among the levels of firm size, business type, and quality hall of fame using the total scores of 13 subsections resulted from QCAS. We also analyzed the scores of 13 individual subsections of QCAS to see if there is any differences based on firm size and business type. We interpret the results and implication of analysis and finally draw a conclusion.

This study was performed to develop and evaluate cookies prepared with various amounts (0 g, 12.5 g, 25 g and 37.5 g) of mealworm powder to serve as not only sports snacks but also for the general population as a new protein source. In the chromaticity of mealworm cookies, lightness and yellowness decreased whereas redness increased with more mealworm powder. The hardness of the mealworm cookies increased as more mealworm powder was added. In sensory evaluation, higher preference was shown with the measure of color, taste, and overall preference for mealworm cookies prepared with 50% mealworm powder (MP2). For the general composition of MP2, the moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were higher compared with the control cookie. For the mineral contents of MP2, the contents of Ca (33.44 mg/100 g), P (225.13 mg/100 g), Mg (82.21 mg/100 g), Na (246.22 mg/100 g), and K (503.49 mg/100 g) were higher compared with the control cookie. The essential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, and histidine) in MP2 were also higher compared with the control cookie. It was concluded that MP2 can be used as a new protein source for not only the maintenance of muscle but also for the prevention of muscle loss in old people.

The study of water environment system using a multivariate analysis in Changnyeong-Haman weir section has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to establish better understanding related water qualities in the Changnyeong-Haman weir section which can provide useful information. The data were consisted of water quality data and algae data including WT(water temperature), pH, DO, EC, COD, SS, T-N, NH3-N, T-P, PO4-P, Chl-a, TOC, d-silica, t-silica, Cyanobacteria, Diatoms, and Green algae. Statistical analyses used in this study were correlation analysis, principal components, and factor analysis. According to correlation analysis on COD and TOC, it revealed that the each value of correlation coefficient was 0.843. On the other result, a negative correlation was observed between diatoms and d-silica. Furthermore, the results of principal component analysis to the overall water quality were classified into four main factors with contribution rate 81.071%.

Pollution in the fresh water system in urban area has the adverse effect on the amphibians population. Restoration activity of amphibian in the urban stream has been growing in Korea as well as western country. For successful restoration water quality of urban stream should be sufficient for survival and normal development of amphibian. To monitor the biological safety of surface water in the Tancheon basin, the capital area of Korea, a 6-day exposure Bombina orientalis embryo developmental toxicity assay was examined. The toxicity of surface water of Tancheon mainstream were lower than those of tributaries of Tancheon. The survival rate of embryos negatively correlated with total dissolved solid, turbidity and electrical conductivity whereas the developmental abnormality and growth retardation of embryos was positively correlated with total dissolved solid, turbidity and electrical conductivity. An amphibian developmental toxicity assay would be helpful for the selection of point for construction of habitat and reintroduction of amphibian in interrupted urban stream.