This study aimed to a sign device using quantum dot film. We synthesized quantum dots with an absolute quantum yield of more than 95% using the solution process method, coated the quantum dot film by mixing it with acrylate resin, made a sign device, and studied the improvement of visibility, and obtained the following conclusions. Quantum dots with absolute quantum yield of 97.63% at 535 nm and 97.85% at 615 nm were synthesized by doping InP with GaP and stacking ZnSe and ZnS composite shells. The synthesized quantum dots were mixed with acrylate syrup at a weight ratio of 10% to coat a film with a luminance uniformity of more than 95%, and the quantum dot film was attached to a luminous display with an insulation capacity of 500 V, an insulation resistance of 99.9 GΩ, and a luminance of 688.5 ㏅/㎠ at white region and 122.3 ㏅/㎠ at red region.

Tritium is radioactive isotope, emitting beta ray, released as tritiated water from nuclear power plants. Due to the danger of radioactive isotope, the appropriate separation of tritium is essentially carried out for environment and safety. Further, it is also promising material for energy production and research. The tritiated water can be treated by diverse techniques such as water distillation, cryogenic distillation, Girdler-sulfide process, and catalytic exchange. After treatment, it is more desirable to convert as gas phase for storage, comparing to liquid phase. However, achieving complete separation of hydrogen gases with very similar physical and chemical properties is significantly challenging. Thus, it is necessary to develop materials with effective separation properties in gas separation. In this presentation, we present hydrogen isotope separation in the gas phase using modified mesoporous silica. Mesoporous silica is a form of silica that is characterized by its mesoporous structure possessing pores that range from 2 to 50 nm in diameter. This material can be functionalized to selectively capture and separate molecules having specific size and affinity. Here, the silver and copper incorporated mesoporous silica was synthesized to tailor a chemical affinity quantum sieving effect, thereby providing separation efficiency in D2/H2. The adsorption quantities of H2 and D2 were determined by sorption study, and the textural properties of each mesoporous silica were analyzed using N2 physisorption. The selectivity (D2/H2) in diverse feed composition (1:1, 1:9, and 1:99 of D2/H2) was estimated by applying ideal adsorbed solution theory to predict the loading of the gas mixture on bare, Ag- and Cu-mesoporous silica based on their sorption study. Further, the performance of each mesoporous silica was evaluated in the breakthrough adsorption under 1:1 mixture of D2 and H2 at 77 K.

A novel kind of self-assembled graphene quantum dots-Co3O4 (GQDs-Co3O4) nanocomposite was successfully manufactured through a hydrothermal approach and used as an extremely effectual oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst. The characterization of morphology with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that Co3O4 nanosheets combined with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) had a new type of hexagonal lamellar selfassembly structure. The GQDs-Co3O4 electrocatalyst showed enhanced electrochemical catalytic properties in an alkaline solution. The start potential of the OER was 0.543 V (vs SCE) in 1 M KOH solution, and 0.577 V (vs SCE) in 0.1 M KOH solution correspondingly. The current density of 10 mA cm− 2 had been attained at the overpotential of 321 mV in 1 M KOH solution and 450 mV in 0.1 M KOH solution. Furthermore, the current density can reach 171 mA cm− 2 in 1 M KOH solution and 21.4 mA cm− 2 in 0.1 M KOH solution at 0.8 V. Moreover, the GQDs-Co3O4 nanocomposite also maintained an ideal constancy in an alkaline solution with only a small deterioration of the activity (7%) compared with the original value after repeating potential cycling for 1000 cycles.

How to effectively deal with the polluted water by the pollutant of organic dyes is the world problem. It is of great significance if the organic dyes in the polluted water can be directly turned into the useful materials through a facile approach. Herein, the water which contains the common organic dye, Reactive red 2 (RR2), has been chosen to be the model to synthesize graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by a facile route. The comprehensive characterizations, including TEM (HRTEM), XPS, Raman, PL and UV–Vis. spectra, have been performed to confirm the structures and explore the properties of the synthesized GQDs. Meanwhile, the excellent PL properties and low biotoxicity of the GQDs confer them with the potential applications in the biological fields. When the GQDs are excited by the wavelength of 360 nm, the maximum emission is achieved at 428 nm. It is well demonstrated that the synthesized GQDs are able to detect the Al3+ which causes multiple diseases, such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, kidney disease, and even cancer. The detection range is from 90 to 800 μM, which is different from the reported kinds of the literature. Therefore, this work not only provides an economical and environmental route on solving the universal problem from organic dyes, but also facilitates to advancing the synthesis and application of GQDs.

Poor mechanical properties and bacterial infection are the main problems faced by dental restorative resins in clinical use. In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) grafted with imidazole groups and mesoporous silica (MSN) are co-filled in a dental resin to impart excellent antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties to the dental resin. The higher specific surface area of GQDs and MSN results in an increased contact area with the resin matrix, which enhances the strength of the dental composite resin. The introduction of GQDs significantly improves the antimicrobial activity of the resin. The inhibition efficiency of the composite resin against Streptococcus mutans reached 99.9% with the addition of GQDs at only 0.2 wt.%. When MSN and GQDs are co-filled, MSN interferes with the release of GQDs, thus reducing the antimicrobial activity of the dental resin but improving the cyto-compatibility. By reasonably adjusting the amount of GQDs and MSN, the dental composite resin can exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties, mechanical properties and cyto-compatibility at the same time.

In this paper, we presented a hybrid composite of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-modified three-dimensional graphene nanoribbons (3D GNRs) composite linked by Fe3O4 and CoO nanoparticles through reflux and ultrasonic treatment with GQDs, denoted as 3D GQDs-Fe3O4/CoO@GNRs (3D GFCG). In this hybrid, the 3D GNRs framework strengthened the electrical conductivity and the synergistic effects between GQDs and 3D GFCG enhanced the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of the nanocomposite. The results imply that decorating GQDs with other electro-catalysts is an effective strategy to synergistically improve their ORR activity.

Since soil salinization imposes various adverse effects on plants, research on how to relieve salt stress from plants is extremely urgent. We synthesized a new type of cerium-doped carbon quantum dots by a hydrothermal synthesis method. Characterization shows that the carbon quantum dots have a small and uniform particle size, high stability, high water solubility and biocompatibility. Mung bean seeds were soaked in CDs:Ce solutions under a concentration gradient (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 mg/ mL) and germinated under salt stress (150 mM NaCl). Compared with salt stress, the addition of CDs solutions effectively enhanced the ability of plants to relieve salt stress. The relieving effect on mung bean plants was the most significant after treatment with 2 mg/mL CDs:Ce, and the main root length, plant height and leaf length in comparison with the case of salt stress increased by 83%, 80%, and 60%, respectively. Chlorophyll content, peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity, total protein content increased by 90%, 77%, 76%, 77% and 76%, respectively, malondialdehyde and proline The content decreased by 83% and 77%. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy proved mung bean plants absorbed CDs:Ce, but the absorption of NaCl decreased by 21.8%. Fluorescence imaging showed CDs:Ce was absorbed by roots, and transferred from the vascular system and apoplastic pathways to stems and leaf veins, and mainly aggregated in intercellular gaps, the vascular system, leaf veins, cilia and stomata. Stereomicroscopy showed that CDs:Ce induction increased the stomatal opening by 15.7%, and improved metabolic efficiency and NaCl excretion from the plants. Hence, CDs:Ce shows great potential in protecting crops from abiotic stress.

We successfully synthesize water-dispersible CTAB-capped CdSe@ZnS quantum dots with the crystal size of the CdSe quantum dots controlled from green to orange colors. The quenching effect of Fe(DTC)3 is very efficient to turn off the emission light of quantum dots at four molar ratios of the CdSe quantum dots, that is, the effective covering the surface of quantum dots with Fe(DTC)3. However, the reaction with Fe(DTC)3 for more than 24 h is required to completely realize the quenching effect. The highly quenched quantum dots efficiently detect nitric oxide at nano-molar concentration of 110nM of NO with 34% of recovery of emission light intensity. We suggest that Fe(DTC)3-hybridized CdSe@ZnS quantum dots are an excellent fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe for the detection of nitric oxide in biological systems.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia, affecting more than 50 million people globally. The onset of AD is linked to age, smoking, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity, depression, gender, and genetics of an individual. The accumulation of Aβ peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain is one of the critical factors that lead to AD, which is known to disrupt neuronal signaling and causing neurodegeneration. As per the current understanding, inhibiting the accumulation of Aβ peptides and NFTs is crucial in the management/treatment of AD. Latest research studies show that nanoparticles have the potency of improving drug transport across the blood–brain barrier easily. Specifically, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a type of semiconducting nanoparticles, have been established as effective inhibitors for blocking the aggregation of Aβ peptides. The small size of GQDs allows them to pass through the blood– brain barrier with ease. Moreover, GQDs have fluorescence properties, which can be used to detect the concentration of Aβ in vivo. In recent years, compared to other carbon materials, the low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility of GQDs, give them an advantage in the suitability and clinical research for AD. In this manuscript, we have discussed the role of different types of nanoparticles in the transportation of encapsulated or co-assembled compound drugs for the treatment of AD and importantly, the role of GQDs in the diagnosis and management/treatment of AD.

Cu-doped ZnSe quantum dots were successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution using an internal doping method. The effects of ligand type, CuSe synthesis temperature, and heating time on Cu-doped ZnSe synthesis were systematically investigated. Of MPA, GSH, TGA, and NAC used as ligands, MPA was the optimal ligand as determined by PL spectrum analysis. In addition, the emission wavelength was found to depend on the synthesis temperature of the internal doping core of CuSe. As the temperature increased, the doping of Cu2+ was enhanced, and the emission wavelength band was redshifted; accordingly, the emission peaks moved from blue to green (up to 550 nm). Thus, the synthesis of Cu:ZnSe using internal doping in aqueous solutions is a potential method for ecomanufacturing of colortuned ZnSe quantum dots for display applications.

Food toxins are regarded as a major source of health risks, serious illnesses susceptible to even death. These dangerous pathogens may lead to significant economic impact worldwide. The food production chain undergoes different stages like harvesting, processing, storage, packaging, distribution, and lastly preparation, and consumption. Therefore, each step is susceptible to risks of environmental contamination. Nowadays, the carbon quantum dots (CDs) are regarded as one of the most widely used hybrid carbon nanomaterials due to their different magical physical and chemical properties. The CDs have a size below 10 nm and show the fluorescent property. The CDs find vast applications in different fields like sensing, food safety, drug delivery, bioimaging, catalyst, energy conversion, etc. Compared to other available methods, the fluorescence detection techniques have low cost, easy handling, and safe operating system. There is a need for a review to compile the fluorescence properties of carbon nanodots used to detect food pathogens. This brief review is addressed in that direction and mostly focused on the synthesis of carbon dots-based fluorescence sensors for detecting pathogens and toxins in foods and beverages. The detailed mechanisms and origin of fluorescence properties of carbon quantum dots are also highlighted herewith.

This study described a way of developing a resin for deviceizing quantum dots. Furthermore, the following conclusions were obtained by developing light curable syrup and UV curable syrup. First, The viscosity of the mixed resin decreased as the content of the diluent increased, and the value was bewteen 4,310 and 1,473cps. Second, haze was measured by using NDH 5000, and all of the synthesized syrups were obtained a haze value of 1% or less with a transmittance of 95% or more in the visible light region. Third, the viscosity of the mixed resin decreased as the temperature increased, and at this point, the viscosity showed a value of 4,219 to 1,128cps. Lastly, As a result of measuring the viscosity of the resin before and after mixing the quantum dot nanoparticles, it appears to be little change.

본 논문에서는 반도체 특성의 단일벽 탄소나노튜브(semi-SWNTs)와 페로브스카이트(perovskite) 양자 점을 혼합하여 SWNT의 높은 전하 이동 특성과 양자점의 고효율 광전 특성을 동시에 가지는 용액공정 가 능한 기반 고성능 광센서를 개발하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 직경이 작은 SWNT를 공액 구조 고분자 반도체를 이용해 선택적으로 분리/분산하는 방법으로 제조하여 포토트랜지스터의 반도체 채널 층으로 활 용하고, 가시광 빛에 높은 흡광도를 가지는 양자점을 다양한 조성과 구조를 가지는 광활성층으로 제조하 여 그 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 이 결과 semi-SWNTs와 페로브스카이트 양자점 모두 단독으로 TFT에 사 용하였을 경우 우수한 트랜지스터 특성과는 별개로 광전효과가 크게 나타나지 않았으며, 두 종류 이상의 반도체 소재를 융합하여 사용할 경우 양자점에 흡수된 빛에 의해 엑시톤이 형성되고 이종 접합 계면에서 전자와 정공의 분리가 쉽게 이루어지도록 유도함으로써 낮은 광량에서도 높은 효율을 가지는 포토트랜지 스터를 개발할 수 있었다. 향후 지속적인 연구개발을 통해 고유연/저가 광 센서 제품 개발과 레이더, 이미 지 센서, 웨어러블 헬스케어 등의 다양한 분야에 하이브리드 반도체 포토트랜지스터가 응용될 수 있을 것 으로 기대한다.

The feasibility study of synthesizing graphene quantum dots from spent resin, which is used in nuclear power plants to purify the liquid radioactive waste, was conducted. Owing to radiation safety and regulatory issues, an uncontaminated ion-exchange resin, IRN150 H/OH, prior to its use in a nuclear power plant, was used as the material of experiment on synthesis of graphene quantum dots. Since the major radionuclides in spent resin are treated by thermal decomposition, prior to conducting the experiment, carbonization of ion-exchange resin was performed. The experiment on synthesis of graphene quantum dots was conducted according to the general hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method as follows. The carbonized ion-exchange resin was added to a solution, which is a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid in ratio of 3:1, and graphene quantum dots were synthesized at 115°C for 48 hours. After synthesizing, procedure, such as purifying, filtering, evaporating were conducted to remove residual acid from the graphene quantum dots. After freeze-drying which is the last procedure, the graphene quantum dots were obtained. The obtained graphene quantum dots were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The AFM image demonstrates the topographic morphology of obtained graphene quantum dots, the heights of which range from 0.4 to 3 nm, corresponding to 1–4 graphene layers, and the step height is approximately 2–2.5 nm. Using FT-IR, the functional groups in obtained graphene quantum dots were detected. The stretching vibrations of hydroxyl group at 3,420 cm−1, carboxylic acid (C=O) at 1,751 cm−1, C-OH at 1,445 cm−1, and C-O at 1,054 cm−1. The identified functional groups of obtained graphene quantum dots matched the functional groups which are present if it is a graphene quantum dot. In Raman spectrum, the D and G peaks, which are the characteristics of graphene quantum dots, were detected at wavenumbers of 1,380 cm−1 and 1,580 cm−1, respectively. Thus, it was verified that the graphene quantum dots could be successfully synthesized from the ionexchange resin.

Herein, a facile bottom–up approach for producing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) was carried out by the hydrothermal treatment of microcrystalline cellulose, in the presence of different nitrogen sources (blank/urea/ammonia water/ethanediamine(EDA)/Hexamethylenetetramine). The result showed that the fluorescence intensity and quantum yields (QYs) of N-CQDs with different nitrogen sources are all higher than that without nitrogen source. Compared with the other three nitrogen sources, N-CQDs prepared by EDA not only have the highest fluorescence intensity but also the largest QYs of 51.39%. Therefore, EDA was chosen as the nitrogen source to prepare N-CQDs. The obtained N-CQDs are uniform spherical particles with a diameter of 2.76 nm. The N-CQDs also exhibit excitation-dependent and long-wave emission properties. The emission range of N-CQDs is 470–540 nm. Moreover, N-CQDs as fluorescent agents successfully acted on purple LEDs (λem = 365 nm) to achieve white LEDs light emission. At the same time, a fluorescent thin layer chromatography plate was successfully prepared using N-CQDs, silica gel G and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose as raw materials. The separation trajectory of mixed sample of Sudan red III and kerosene on the fluorescent TLC plate is obviously clearer than that of the TLC plate.

An extract of fresh guava leaves (Psidium guajava) was used as a green carbon precursor to fabricate blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (GCQDs) by hydrothermal process. The GCQDs show bright blue fluorescence emission under UV light with an excitation wavelength of 350 nm and emission at 450 nm. The physical structure of GCQDs was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). GCQDs 80 μg inhibited the growth of waterborne pathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. We also investigated the catalytic activity of the GCQDs on the removal of two azo dyes, namely Congo red and bromophenol blue, with and without NaBH4. The GCQDs showed an excellent reduction of color intensity of both dyes without NaBH4 within 30 min of treatment.

The mercury ion ( Hg2+) is regarded as one of the toxic cations that is extremely harmful and dangerous to human health and the environment. With this growing awareness, it is imperative that facile and rapid sensing systems developed for the detection of Hg2+. Due to excellent sensitivity and selectivity, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, are attracting the attention of researchers as promising candidates as fluorescent probes for Hg2+ detection. This study aimed at conducting an in-depth review of recent advances into GQD-based materials as fluorescent probes in Hg2+ sensing. This systematic review was carried out by covering three main databases, namely, Scopus and Science Direct as the dominant databases, followed by Google Scholar as the supporting database. GQD-based materials encompassing bare GQDs, N-GQDs, B, N-GQDs, N, S-GQDs, N, K-GQDs, RhB-GQDs, Cys-GQDs, PEHA-GQD-DPA, Gly-GQDs, Mn(II)-NGQDs, NH2– Ru@ SiO2- NGQDs and FA-GQDs were discussed thoroughly with regard to their synthesis strategies, along with their potential application in the detection of Hg2+. The doping of heteroatoms is envisaged to enhance the quantum yield and selectivity of bare GQDs. This review might unlock a wide range of opportunities for the application of various GQD-based materials as an adaptable, feasible and scalable approach to the detection of Hg2+.

In this study, a mixed resin containing Bis-GMA was developed to produce a light-emitting sign using quantum dots. As a result of measuring the viscosity, color coordinates change, and luminance of the mixed resin, the following conclusions were obtained. The viscosity of the mixed resin decreased as the content of the diluent increased, and viscosity values ​​ranged from 3,627 to 1,349cps showed as a result. The viscosity of the mixed resin decreased as the temperature increased, and the viscosity showed a value of 5,156 to 1,132cps. For the optical properties of InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots, the absolute quantum efficiency was 91% at 522nm and 90% at 618nm when the gallium was 0.01%. The luminance of the light-emitting sign using the resin mixed with quantum dots was showed 142.6cd/m2 in white and 104.2cd/m2 in the red region.