The varroa mite, Varroa destructor, is a small ectoparasitic mite which attacks honeybee, Apis mellifera, and also known to harbor small RNA viruses which infect honeybees. To survey the transcriptome of varroa mite, total RNA of female adult mites was subjected to RNA-seq to construct an in silico cDNA library. 2 × 8.3 Gbase of quality filtered paired-end nucleotide sequences were obtained to construct 28,302 of protein-coding contigs by de novo assembly, and subsequent BLAST search revealed the viruses infect honeybee or associated with varroa mites. Six of the contigs showed high sequence identity to Iflavirus, picorna-like virus, rhabdovirus, and macula-like virus were discovered. It implies that the viral flora in varroa mites and honeybees might be more complex than previously studied, and suggests the importance of further virome studies for better understanding of honeybee health.

Previously, we have performed de novo RNA sequencing of Scolpendra subpinipes mutilans using next generation sequencing technology and identified several AMP candidates. Among them, a synthetic peptide (scolopendrasin I) was designed based on SVM algorithm. In this study, we reported that the synthetic peptide scolopendrasin I had an antimicrobial and anticancer activity. As a result, scolopendrasin I showed antibacterial activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria strains in radial diffusion assay and colony count assay without hemolytic activity. In addition, we confirmed that scolopendrasin I bound to the surface of bacteria via a specific interaction with lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide, which is one of bacteria cell membrane components. In addition, we found that scolopendrasin I had anticancer activities in the human leukemic T lymphocyte cell line Jurkat using MTS assay. In conclusion, our results suggested that scolopendrasin I could be useful for developing peptide antibiotics and anticancer agents.

Wheat is the third largest crop in the world behind corn and rice. Wheat is grown over a wide range of environments, and an essential source of carbohydrates. However, the genomics of wheat, a non-model species, is still challenging despite of corn and rice was done. The recent advent of RNA-Sequencing, a massively parallel sequencing method for genome and transcriptome analysis, provides opportunity to identify gene discovery and molecular mechanisms of cellular processes. We performed a RNA-Seq experiment to find differentially expressed genes under high temperature condition. More than 344 million shot reads were generated using Illumina HiSeq technology. A comprehensive and integrated 285,324 transcripts were assembled via Trinity by combining tentative consensus sequences. Transcripts annotated by BLAST2Go and differently expressed transcripts were analyzed. A total of 208 up-regulated and 182 down-regulated transcripts were found that involve in plastid, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and glycerolipid and dicarboxylate metabolism. Our results demonstrate that RNA-Seq can be successfully used for gene identification, transcript profiling in wheat. Furthermore these sequences will provide valuable resources for wheat researchers.