The core principles of Korea’s Saemaul Undong, a model of the agricultural and rural development for developing countries, may be summarized as adoption of organizational approach considering spiritual enlightenment, pursuit of visible change through practical innovations, villager’s voluntary participation and self-help, and introduction of competition-based incentive system. The contents of the Saemaul Undong project include agricultural production technology transfer and agricultural infrastructure building as well as spiritual enlightenment and living infrastructure improvement. Based on the situational characteristics of Myanmar, some measures to apply Saemaul Undong approach can be proposed as follows. The scope of Saemaul Undong needs to encompass agricultural technology transfer as well as infrastructure building for improving agricultural production and living environment. Saemaul Undong is not a panacea for rural development, but it can be a guide for developing agriculture and rural areas by helping lessen trial and errors. Mind-set change by Saemaul Undong training and group decision making with village leaders and villagers need to be actively applied to Myanmar. Emphases need to be put on agricultural productivity and income increase as well as living environment improvement considering unique situations of Myanmar. In addition, income increase measures for landless farmers by livestock raising are required. Empowerment, manpower mobilization and material support need to be flexibly applied to rural villages based on their labor market situation. In developing village leaders, partnership with NGOs needs to be emphasized in suburban areas. Systematic evaluation tools need to be developed for identifying determinants of the success of Saemaul Undong.

It is worth studying the Saemaul Development Undong as a science when it is increasingly gaining a global society interest. The purposes of this research are to frame the project design matrix(PDM) for the Saemaul development project and to suggest underpinning theoretical background which explains the causal relationship of the logical frame approach of the PDM. This research diagramed the driving process of Saemaul projects which indicates the stages of hierarchical logic structures in terms of inputs-activities-outputs-outcomes and goal of the projects. Then it presented governance theory, bottom-up approach, endogenous development and network theory as theoretical backgrounds of the logic model of Saemaul projects. Expected effects of this research suggest that it will be a basic study to give a standardized criteria to evaluate Saemaul and ODA projects to raise the effectiveness of ODA projects, even though it needs more studies to secure the validity of the PDM and to get a generalization of the theory.

Although it has been well known that the Saemaul Undong had a direct relation with the water resources development during 1970’s, its contribution to the water resources and increased income in rural communities has not been thoroughly quantified so far. In order to assess the contribution of the Saemaul Undong in terms of rural water resources development, we investigated various historical data produced by the central and local governments in relation to water resources development. The results show the direct and indirect contribution of the Saemaul Undong to the water resources development in rural communities such as sewage works, water supply facilities, shared wells, and river works. The results also showed a positive relation between per-house income in rural communities and areas of irrigated paddies, which were rapidly increased during 1970’s. These results can be utilized to transplant the positive aspect of the Saemaul Undong to developing countries focusing on water resources development in rural areas.

한국의 종합적인 농촌개발모델로 알려진 새마을운동은 한국의 국가경제 및 농촌지역사회 발전의 토대가 되었고 최근 들어 많은 개도국으로부터 성공모델로써 인정받고 있다. 최근 에디오피아도 한국의 발전경험과 유사한 변혁을 이루고자 노력하고 있다. 1990년대 초반 이후 에디오피아 정부는다양한 전략적인 개발정책을 통해 농업 및 농촌개발을 최우선순위로 실행하여왔다. 지난 10여년간 에디오피아의 농촌개발은 많은 진전이 있었지만, 초기 목표로 하였던 수준은 달성하지 못하였다. 이에 따라 에디오피아에서는 새마을운동과 같은성공적인 농촌개발모형으로부터 교훈을 얻고자 하는 노력이커지고 있다. 본고에서는 농촌개발 접근방식으로서 새마을운동의 성공요인들을 에디오피아의 현재의 농촌개발과 비교하여 검증하고자한다. 1970년대 한국의 새마을운동의 경험과 현재의 에디오피아 농촌개발정책을 비교시 농업·농촌개발정책의 틀은 매우유사한 것으로 평가된다. 반면, 농촌개발현장에서의 실패사례는새마을운동의 정신을 에디오피아 농촌개발시책으로 적용시 좀더 다각적이고 세심하게 고려해야 한다는 시사점을 주고 있다. 특히 본고에서는 새마을운동의 주요 성공요인으로써 농지개혁과 농촌주민의 사회적연대, 강력한 제도개선과 정부의 리더쉽, 그리고 전방위적인 정책지원, 대상마을에 대한 인센티브시책 및 마을간 경쟁유도 등을 들고 있다. 이러한 요소들이에디오피아에 농촌개발전략으로써 종합적이고 유기적으로 실행된다면 한국의 새마을운동과 같은 결과를 도출할 수 있을것으로 기대된다.

In this research, we reappraise saemaul project which is a leading role of rural development in a present perspectives and deduct social and political implications for rural development. For deducting problems and implications, related documents and previous researches are reviewed. Administration statistics are also gathered and analyzed for monitoring detailed projects propulsion progress and results. Samaul project is reappraised based on previous researches such as rural development, regional agricultural production system improvement, agricultural distribution system improvement, leader breeding, income improvement, and governance. Saemaul project has basically positive characteristics because of decreasing growth gap of urban and rural area by empowering cooperation of rural residents, instilling leadership, making village fund, constricting networks of government and urban area for administrative and financial assistant. In conclusion, there are implications that continues interests of most powerful sovereignty and comprehensive assistant of government are needed for overcome agricultural and rural crisis. Saemaulundong is a united and systematic approach in village level. In south korea where most of farms are small size, village or regional level assistants started in saemaulundong are still needed. In regional development, we can infer that will and ability development of participated residents are most basic and important factors for successful project propulsion in saemaul project.