We study the relationships between the thermal emissivity of nuclear graphites (IG-110, PCEA, IG-430 and NBG-18) and their surface structural change by oxidation using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nonoxidized (0% weight loss) specimen had the surface covered with glassy materials and the 5% and 10% oxidized specimens, however, showed high roughness of the surface without glassy materials. During oxidation the binder materials were oxidized first and then graphitic filler particles were subsequently oxidized. The 002 interlayer spacings of the non-oxidized and the oxidized specimens were about 3.38~3.39a. There was a slight change in crystallite size after oxidation compared to the nonoxidized specimens. It was difficult to find a relationship between the thermal emissivity and the structural parameters obtained from the XRD analysis.

Bombus terrestris was released for pollination of apple flowers at apple orchards in Uileumgol, Milyang-sity, mid spring, 2008. Numbers of out-going bees and in-coming bees were 38heads at 10 a.m. and 23heads at 4 p.m., respectively. 75% bees per total in-coming bees collected the pollens about 10 a.m. and 63% bees per total in-coming bees collected the pollens around 4 p.m.. The SEM photography(A) showed that 82.7% of a pollen load were collected on apple flowers and 17.3% of a pollen load were collected from another plants and trees flowers. The another SEM photography(B) showed that 89.1% of a pollen load were collected on apple flowers and 10.9% of a pollen load were collected from another plants and trees flowers. Therefore these results show that B. terrestris mainly pollinates on the apple flowers but the bee seems to visit flowers of other plant species from time to time.

Mold infestation problems in building are a complex phenomenon due to various causes such as environmental conditions including temperature and relative humidity, substrates (building materials), exposure time, and so on. Earlier studies showed the interrelationship among humidity, temperature conditions and mold growth. However, surface structure also can be a key factor to mold germination. This study conducted experiments on the mold germination and growth on wallpapers with different surface structures. Four wallpapers and two fungal species (Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum) were selected for experiment and observed fungal germination and growth on the different surface structures of wallpapers using scanning electron microscope. The resulfts showed that the shape of the micro structure of wallpaper surface affected to the growth of fungi.

The external ultrastructural morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla and hair-pencils of Palpita indica (Saunder) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The antennal flagellum of male and female has six types of sensilla: long trichodea, short trichodea, chaetica, coeloconicum around spines, camaniformia and styloconica. There are sexual differences in antennae of P. indica. The female antenna has a coeloconicum sensillum without spines nearby the long trichodea sensilla on ninth flagellomere. Otherwise, auricillica sensilla are distribute on the basal segment of male antenna. These structures are not showed in the female antenna. There are a lot of pores on the hair tufts of the male hair-pencils.

Dacetini족의 1미기록종이 Smithistruma japonica(Ito)가 거금도에서 채집확인 되었기에 한국명을 톱니비늘개미속 톱니비늘개미로 명명 기재하여 보고하며, 주사전자현미경을 사용하여 비늘개비와 톱니비늘개미의 형질특성 차이에 대하여 기재한다. 한국산 비늘개비족(Dacetini tribe)은 모두 2속 2종이 된다.