In recent automobile development, vehicle weight reduction has become a very important goal. Seat weight reduction is a large portion of vehicle weight reduction. In this study, a specimen tensile tests were conducted on the Almag material, which is an alloy of aluminum and magnesium, and also conducted on SAFH440, SAFH 590, SAFC780, and SAFH980, which are mild steel materials used in the seat frame. The tensile specimen tests were carried out in two speed; 2mm/s and 4mm/s, and the obtained stress to strain curve was converted to the analysis material card of true stress to true strain curve to be used in the seat structural analysis. The constructed analysis material card was used in the specimen tensile finite element analysis, and the analysis result was able to obtain the stress to strain curve similar to the test result.

The objective of this study is to analyze the difference between the theoretically calculated torque values of lead screws used in vehicle seat rails and the required torque values due to various disturbances that occur in actual systems. Lead screws were classified into square and trapezoidal threads and modeled by two lead type. Dynamic analysis models were constructed by applying contact conditions and rotational joints between the lead screw and nut. The validity of the dynamic model was verified by comparing the torque values obtained from rigid body dynamic analysis with the theoretically calculated torque values. Then, the lead screw was modeled as a flexible body to investigate the torque variation required for the lead screw when dynamic loads are considered. This study will help predict the actual torque values of lead screws for seat rails.

The original third places concept conveyed the offering of much-needed settings for social comfort, thereby complementing the absence of equal opportunities at home (1st place) or in the workplace (2nd place). 3rd place is a crucial term to connect customers’ social needs, perception of service encounters, and the service provider’s managerial operation. Following the Covid-19 outbreak, various distancing forces have impeded previously intense social interactions featuring human-human contact. The increased use of contactless services and social distancing measures has impacted these. Such measurements refer to mandatory actions to maintain a fixed physical distance from others (i.e., two meters or six feet) via seating arrangements or suggested signage. While such compliance practices successfully limited the spread of Covid-19, they were also a signal of regulated behaviors and acceptable personal boundaries. The current study addressed this question by conducting experiments in three scenarios: a café, restaurant, and sports stadium. Following Pine and Gilmore’s experience typology, the three represent a passive absorptive experience, an active absorptive experience, and an immersive experience.

자동차 고급화 추세에 따라 소비자의 차량 실내 환경에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 자동차의 기본적 성능뿐만 아니라 실내 쾌적성 향상에 관심이 증대되고 있다. 또한 자동차 실내 쾌적성에 대한 연구는 운전자에게 만족을 제공하 는데 그치지 않고, 운전자의 불쾌지수 및 스트레스를 낮추어서 교통사고의 위험을 줄이는데 기여할 수 있기 때문에 매우 중요한 연구 주제이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 운전자의 뇌파측정을 통해 통풍시트의 온도변화에 따른 쾌적감 변화와 쾌적온도를 알아보고, 온도변화에 따른 남녀간 쾌적감에 대한 차이를 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구결과 첫째 통풍시 트의 온도가 22℃, 25℃, 28℃에서 각각의 실험군을 비교한 결과 28℃보다 25℃에서 통계적으로 유의하게 쾌적감이 더 높게 나타났다. 둘째 통풍시트 온도 변화에 따른 남녀간 쾌적감에 대한 실험결과 남성과 여성이 온도에 따라 느끼는 쾌적감은 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 자동차의 실내온도와 통풍시트의 온도 변화에 따른 운전자의 쾌적감 변화를 파악하여 상관관계를 분석한다면, 운전자의 쾌적성을 확보하여 휴먼에러로 인한 교통사고를 낮출수 있을 뿐만 아니라 자동차의 전기에너지의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

In this study, the structural analyses were conducted for each model by applying the loads into the design of a large commercial truck seat. Model C with three vertical frames has the smallest total deformation among all models, indicating the strongest stiffness. The maximum total deformation of model C was shown to be 0.68 times smaller than that of model A and 0.79 times smaller than that of model B. The equivalent stress of model C was also shown to be the lowest, indicating the greatest stiffness. The maximum equivalent stress of model C was shown to be 0.8 times smaller than that of model A and 0.91 times smaller than that of model B. At the upper part of the seat or the part where the force was applied, all three models were shown to have the largest total deformations and equivalent stresses. If the result of this study is applied to the design of automotive seat frame, it is thought that the durable and rigid sheets can be manufactured efficiently. By utilizing this study result, the equivalent stress and total deformation are investigated without the real experiment by shape at the seat of large commercial truck, and the durability and rigidity can be seen.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between occupant impact velocities and occupant injury indices under the restraint of an airbag and a seat belt, during frontal crash events. METHODS : The frontal crash test data of 93 tests conducted according to the Korea New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP) were investigated. The test data was measured by using a dummy to obtain occupant injury indices for the head, chest, neck, and upper legs. Occupant impact velocities (OIVx and OIVz) were calculated from the head acceleration of the test dummy. Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to investigate the correlation between occupant impact velocities and occupant injury indices. In addition, the occupant impact velocities at the center of gravity of a vehicle, obtained by using the accelerations measured at the test vehicle's B-pillars, were investigated. RESULTS: The OIVx threshold obtained from the test dummies, which corresponds to the HIC15 of 700, was 70 km/h for a sedan, and 72 km/h for an SUV, which is significantly higher than the occupant impact velocity of 44 km/h, the limit of the domestic guideline on “Installation and management guide for roadside safety facilities”. This difference can be attributed to the influence of the air bags and seat belts. Additionally, the OIVx threshold obtained from the center of gravity of the vehicle corresponding to the HIC15 of 700 was approximately 72 km/h. CONCLUSIONS: Occupant safety performance criteria for the condition that airbags operate and seat belts are restrained, are required for the frontal impact tests of road safety facilities using a collision velocity of 60 km/h or higher.

Infiltration is a popular technique used to produce valve seat rings and guides to create dense parts. In order to develop valve seat material with a good thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, Cu-infiltrated properties of sintered Fe-Co-M(M=Mo,Cr) alloy systems are studied. It is shown that the copper network that forms inside the steel alloy skeleton during infiltration enhances the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the steel alloy composite. The hard phase of the CoMoCr and the network precipitated FeCrC phase are distributed homogeneously as the infiltrated Cu phase increases. The increase in hardness of the alloy composite due to the increase of the Co, Ni, Cr, and Cu contents in Fe matrix by the infiltrated Cu amount increases. Using infiltration, the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient were increased to 29.5 W/mK and 15.9 um/moC, respectively, for tempered alloy composite.

Structural analyses were performed for a movable seat mechanism applied in a new type shower commode wheel chair. The wheel chair has slide rails below the wheel chair seat to help patient move to bed side. The slide rails and seat were modeled for the structural simulation. Experiments were performed to validate simulation results by using strain gage Rosettes. Student t-test was performed to the experimental data, which showed that the stresses obtained from the simulation were not significantly different from those obtained from the experiments. The slide rail structure was found to give a safety factor of 2.4 under 80Kg user weight with ten rollers used for seat support. The safety factor much increased by placing more rollers under the wheel chair seat. Our simulation revealed that rollers installed only in the central and corner regions were used as supports due to the bending deformation of the seat.

The research study explores the concept of storytelling as a method to facilitate the communication of the art of the traditional upholsterer to add value to professionally restored chairs and sofas within the context of design and sustainable practice.

In the present study, FE analysis was performed for characterising structural strength of a seat frame w.r.t. varying sectional shapes as well as different materials of the seat back frame based on the FMVSS 207 regulation in order to obtain the design outline of a lightweight seat frane structure. Four types of materials, i.e., SAPH440, Al7021, Al6082 and carbon/epoxy composites were applied to the seat back frame type beams and their bending behaviours were compared by three point bending FE analysis. Consequently, the lightweight structure of seat back frame with the equivalent strength characteristics of conventional frame was suggested.

When the driver sits on the seat, the cushion supports more than 70% of body weight. Based on this the driver feels discomfort due to the pain and numbness caused by body pressure concentration in the ischial tuberosity. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze the stiffness of the seat cushion according to sitting strategy and to obtain basic data that can be reflected in the design of the seat cushion pad. First, the static stiffness characteristics of the seat cushion pad were determined through a static load test. Next, we measured the body pressure distribution of 20 subjects. Based on this, we derived 7 types of average body pressure distribution. And as the hardness distribution of the seat cushion, it was judged that it would be less hard feeling at the pressure concentration region. Finally, we compared the deflection and stiffness of the seat cushion using the average body pressure distribution and the static stiffness data of the seat cushion.

This study investigates the safety and life during the fatigue load by the configuration of seat frame. On back frame at seat frame, the life and damage are analyzed. The deformation and equivalent stress are compared with each other through the vibration analysis, The result of this study through the analysis can be applied to develop the automotive seat frame with durabilty and safety.

An aluminum with the light weight has been used at the automotive car body. As the aluminum is applied to the automotive seat, the optimum design becomes important by investigating the mechanical properties. This study aims at suggesting the basic data for the optimum design of automotive seat frame. In this study, the mechanical properties are investigated through the simulation analysis on the entire structure of seat frame. Two study models using the real commercial vehicles are designed with CATIA program and analyzed with ANSYS program. The harsh condition during the driving state is supposed by using the analyses of natural frequencies and harmonic responses. As the real frequency ranges in this study are set by selecting the natural frequencies through modal analysis. The critical frequencies are analyzed by harmonic response on which the driver is seated. The values of maximum equivalent stresses at models 1 and 2 are shown to be 18.073MPa and 2259.2MPa respectively. The critical frequency at models 1 and 2 are also shown to be 77 Hz and 206 Hz. The maximum stress at model 1 becomes far bigger than model 2. By comparing two models, model 1 has more critical condition than model 2. At the design of automotive seat frame at the dynamic vibration condition, the material of design with the durability and safety can be secured through this study result.

Finite Element analysis were carried out to investigate the deformation behaviours of a buckled automotive seat frames made of three different types of materials, i.e., SAPH440, Al6082-T6 and Al7021-T7, when they were subject to external load, based on the ECE R14 regulation to achieve lightweight structure. Also, several thicknesses were applied to the seat frame structures of each material for characterising deformations. It was found that light weight seat frame structure was obtained compared to conventional steel structure when it was made of aluminium under the condition of satisfying ECE R14 regulation. Interpretation result, when changing from SAPHH440 material has a thickness of 1.5mm to Al material has a thickness of 3.0mm, that could checking weight lightening about 47%.