Machines are physically or chemically degenerated by continuous usage. One of the results of this degeneration is the process mean shift. Under the process mean shift, production cost, failure cost and quality loss function cost are increasing continuously. Therefore a periodic preventive resetting the process is necessary. We suppose that the wear level is observable. In this case, process mean shift problem has similar characteristics to the maintenance policy model. In the previous studies, process mean shift problem has been studied in several fields such as ‘Tool wear limit’, ‘Canning Process’ and ‘Quality Loss Function’ separately or partially integrated form. This paper proposes an integrated cost model which involves production cost by the material, failure cost by the nonconforming items, quality loss function cost by the deviation between the quality characteristics from the target value and resetting the process cost. We expand this process mean shift problem a little more by dealing the process variance as a function, not a constant value. We suggested a multiplier function model to the process variance according to the analysis result with practical data. We adopted two-side specification to our model. The initial process mean is generally set somewhat above the lower specification. The objective function is total integrated costs per unit wear and independent variables are wear limit and initial setting process mean. The optimum is derived from numerical analysis because the integral form of the objective function is not possible. A numerical example is presented.

Kim, Myung-hee. 2016. “A Study on Style Shift between Honorific and Plain Language in Korean”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 95~123. This study examines the mixed use of honorific forms (nophim-mal) and plain forms (pan-mal) by Korean speakers in task-based conversations. The data taken from ‘Mr. O Corpus’ relate to 20 pairs of Korean female speakers, 10 teacher-student (T-S) pairs and 10 student-student (S-S) pairs. A close examination of the data shows that most speakers alternated between the two forms, even within a single turn of talk, with partners with status differences. It seems that the frequent style shift shows the complexity of the phenomenon and the speakers’ sensitivity to the immediate context, as well as the societal norms that possibly constrain them. The results show that the speakers’ choice to use an honorific form or plain form has mainly four functions, three of which are interactional using honorific forms: (a) use of plain forms in self-directed or spontaneous talk, (b) use of honorifics to involve the addressee in the interaction, (c) use of honorifics to index identity, and (d) use of honorifics in confrontational interactions. Based on these results, it is claimed that Korean speakers strategically use honorific language as “relationship markers” in their interactions. (177)

This study highlights the main effect of job demand, work shift, work environment and stressors on the railway traffic controller's health, and the moderating effect of work0life balance. The result of empirical analysis based on questionnaires received from 328 traffic controllers working at 10 railway operating companies indicates that job demand, work shift, work environment and stressors have significant effect on their health, among which stressors is a major factor. In the respect of moderating effect, WLB showed no significance except for job demand. This result implies that controller's health can not be enhanced through their individual family or leisure life. Therefore, effective countermeasures and policy to mitigate their health problems and heal their symptoms are urgent.

In this paper, a automatic transmission shift quality simulator is developed using MATLAB Simulink. The shift simulator is developed using the dynamic models of the automatic transmission with torque converter, and vehicle dynamics and the hydraulic control system, which consists of solenoid valve, pressure control valve, accumulator and actuator.

We present our efforts for extending the simultaneous multi-frequency receiver system of the Korean Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (KVN) to global baselines in order to measure the frequency-dependent position shifts in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) jets, the so called core shift effect, with an unprecedented accuracy (a few micro-arcseconds). Millimeter VLBI observations with simultaneous multi-frequency receiver systems, like those of the KVN, enable us to explore the innermost regions of AGN and high precision astrometry. Such a system is capable of locating the frequency dependent opacity changes accurately. We have conducted the feasibility test-observations with the interested partners by implementing the KVN-compatible systems. Here we describe the science case for measuring the core shift effect in the AGN jet and report progress and future plans on extending the simultaneous multi-frequency system to global baselines.

현재 대중음악의 패러다임은 빠른 속도로 변화되고 있으며, 청자들의 관심도 또한 변화하고 있다. 이러한 변화를 인식하고 발전방향을 수립하는 것은 중요한 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 대중음악의 패러다임 변화에 대한 고찰과 사례를 분석하여 대중음악의 발전방향 설립에 도움이 되고자 한다. 대중음악의 패러다임 변화는 1960년대 이전 민속음악에서 구전되던 시기와 1970∼1980년대 미군부대를 중심으로 팝을 받아들이던 시기와, 1990년대 대중음악의 부흥기를 맞이하던 시기, 2000년대 이후 한류의 K-Pop로 아시아 시장을 통해 성장하던 시기로 나눌 수 있다. 이에 따라 청자들의 음악을 듣는 패러다임이 변화하고 있다. 첫째, 음원의 구매도가 증가하지만 그 보다 동영상을 통해 음악을 접하게 되었다. 둘째, 인기의 순위가 동영상의 조회 수가 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 셋째, 수익의 배분에 대한 중요도를 공연에 의지하고 있다. 넷째, 온라인 홍보에 중점을 두고 있다. 이러한 패러다임의 변화는 대중음악에서 MTV의 출현 이후 동영상이 무료로 제공되면서 청자에게 빠른 속도로 파급되었다. 또한 youtube의 등장으로 조회 수가 인기의 척도가 되고 있다. 독립채널을 만들어 자신의 콘텐츠를 홍보할 수 있게 되었다. 이로 인해 대중음악의 수익구조를 과거 음원에 의존하던 수익구조가 현재 공연수익에 의지하게 되고, 홍보구조가 과거 TV매체에 대한 의존도를 탈피하여 SNS, youtube, Twitter 등 온라인 홍보를 중요시하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 패러다임의 변화를 인식하고 적용하여 수요자의 욕구를 충족시켜 주고 공급자의 수익에 도움이 될 수 있는 대중음악 콘텐츠를 육성에 활용하고자 한다.

Choi, Jin-sook. 2014. Communicative-Symbolic Language shift Link. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(2), 135-156. This study sets out to investigate whether communicative language shift to English is associated with symbolic language shift from Korean mother tongue. In order to investigate the issue, the length of stay and English proficiency level were used as variables of communicative language shift to English, and the symbolic language shift from Korean was measured by attitudes towards Korean and English in this study. Eighty two Korean-Australian secondary school students whose mother tongue was Korean participated in the questionnaire survey. As a result, the length of stay in Australia turned out to be an important factor in explaining the symbolic language shift from Korean: the participants' attitudes towards Korean were more negative and their perception of Korean language was weaker, as the stay length was longer. English proficiency also seemed to work as a factor that affects symbolic language shift from Korean: the higher degree of English proficiency the participants had, the weaker the perception of their mother tongue was. Therefore, this study suggests that communicative language shift to English and symbolic language shift from mother tongue cannot be separated; the two language shifts are closely related each other. (189)

산업의 빠른 발전 속도에 따라 연구 개발도 함께 발전해야 한다. 따라서 현재 제조공정에 대한 품질 특성치의 분석방법으로 공정 모수의 작은 변화도 쉽게 탐지를 할 수 있는 EWMA 관리도와 Shewhart 관리도보다 공정 변화에 민감하게 탐지 가능한 CUSUM 관리도에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 식스시그마 공정관리에 맞춘 평균, 불량률, 미세 분산을 동시에 감지할 수 있는 동시 관리 체계 연구는 많이 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 CUSUM, EWMA 관리도 기법보다 빠른 이상 감지를 위해서 평균, 불량률, 분산 3가지가 동시에 관리되어질 수 있도록 Zp-s 관리도를 소개한다. Zp-s 관리도는 ARL을 통해 기존 관리도보다 민감함을 확인할 수 있다.

Based on a literature review regarding shift work, it is recognized that it has an adverse effect on workers' health. Especially, the night shift rather than the day shift imposes severe disorders on workers, which are indicated to dyssomnia, maladaptation to social life, and health problems such as gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and depression. As the shift work can be explainable by using workers' labor ability necessarily to maintain company business consistently, it does not consider biorhythm, active mass and health condition of workers Actually duration of shit work would deprive workers of fundamental life rights by causing physical and mental effects. As a result of reviewing previous case studies related to effect of work pattern (day shift and night shift) on workers' health, an incidence of physical diseases like dyssomnia, gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and premature delivery was higher in shift workers than normal workers. Additionally the incidence of mental disorders such as busy brain, social isolation, depression and work stress was also higher in shift workers than normal workers. These adverse physical and mental problems were intensified to night shift workers compared to day shift workers. Considering current various reports and study results, it is recommended that the shift work, especially the night work pattern, should not apply to contemporary work situation for sustaining workers' health condition constantly.

관리도를 사용하여 공정평균, 공정산포 등 여러 가지 공정모수를 관리할 수 있다. 그러나 공정모수의 미세 변동을 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 기법체계는 아직 미완이다. 식스시그마 공정관리 등 정밀공정관리를 위해서는 미세 공정평균과 공정산포관리가 전제되어야한다. 특히 높은 수준의 공정능력을 유지하기위해서는 공정산포관리가 선결과제이다. 본 본문에서는 공정평균과 공정불량률, 공정산포의 미세변동을 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 기술체계의 연구동향을 분석하고 미세공정산포관리를 위한 대안을 제시하고자 한다.

It is very important the collaboration and risk management of supply chain between the parent company and its partners in the supply chain risk management(SCRM). It was known that the SCRM approach is very different between a large enterprise and a small and medium-sized enterprise. This paper deals with the suggestion about SCRM structure for a small and medium-sized enterprise. This SCRM structure consist of risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation. We expect that this SCRM structure promote the collaboration between a parent company and its partners to alleviate the supply chain risk.

팔라듐이 코팅된 V99.8B0.2 합금 분리막을 통해 sweep 가스를 사용하지 않고 수소 투과 시 혼합가스의 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 분리막은 400℃에서 sweep 가스를 사용하지 않고 순수 수소, 수소/이산화탄소, 수소/일산화탄소의 혼합가스를 1.5~8.0 bar의 압력으로 실험하였다. Sweep 가스를 사용하지 않고 수소만을 공급한 투과 실험에서 팔라듐 코팅된 V99.8B0.2 합금 분리막(두께 : 0.5 mm)의 수소 투과량은 40.7mL/min/㎠였다. 또한 수소/이산화탄소를 공급한 투과실험에서 V99.8B0.2 합금 분리막의 수소 투과량은 21.4mL/min/㎠였다. 수소/이산화탄소 및 수소/일산화탄소 혼합가스를 각각 공급할 때 투과량은 압력에 상관없이 수소 분압 감소 만큼 감소하였고 모든 경우 Sievert 법칙을 잘 만족시켰다. 투과 후 분리막의 XRD, SEM/EDX 결과로부터 V99.8B0.2 합금 분리막은 여러 혼합가스에 대해 안정성과 내구성이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of weight shift training with joint mobilization on the ankle joint passive range of motion (PROM), balance capacity and gait velocity in hemiplegic patients. Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with seven subjects in each group. The EG received weight shift training with joint mobilization in the paretic leg's subtalar joint in order to increase ankle dorsiflexion. The CG received general physical therapy training. Both groups received training five times a week over a period of two consecutive weeks. The figures for PROM of ankle dorsiflexion on the paretic leg, the functional reach test (FRT), the timed up and go (TUG) test, and gait velocity were recorded both before and after the training sessions for both groups. The EG's results in gait velocity, the FRT and the TUG test improved after training (p<.05). The PROM of ankle dorsiflexion improved both in the EG and the CG (p<.05), the EG demonstrated a significantly higher increase (p<.05) than that of the CG. The results of this study suggest that increased joint mobilization positively affects balance and gait velocity of hemiplegic patients. Further studies with a greater sample size are necessary in order further prove the accuracy of the results of this study.

This article proposes a novel shift automation mechanism for an automated manual transmission (AMT). The development of an automated manual transmission is currently being paid considerable attention by vehicle manufacturers, with the prospects of combini