Ethyl formate (EF) is a potent fumigant replacing methyl bromide. The use of EF is limited to a quarantine process. Appling EF to agricultural field as a safe insecticide in greenhouse give us valuable benefits including less residual concern. In this regard, residual pattern after EF fumigation in greenhouse should be undertaken. In the previous study, we have established agricultural control concentration of EF to control pests in a greenhouse. EF was fumigated at 5 g m-3 level for 2 h. The concentration of EF inside a greenhouse was analyzed to be 4.1-4.3 g m-3 at 30 min after fumigation. To prepare an analytical method for residues in cucumber crops and soil in the greenhouse, the limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 100 ng g-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method was 300 ng g-1. R2 values of calibration curves for crops and soil were 0.991-0.997. In samples collected immediately after ventilation, EF concentration was determined to be below LOQ level. In addition, EF level was below LOQ in samples collected at 3 h after ventilation except that leaf samples of melon during the flowering period showed a level of 1,068.9 ng g-1. Taken together, these results indicate that EF used in quarantine can be applied to agricultural fields without residual issue as an effective fumigant for insect pest control.

D-D외 3종의 토양훈증제를 인삼의 연작토에 15cm, 30cm 깊이로 처리하였을 때 2년생인삼의 생육과 화학적조성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 본 시험을 실시하였다. 1980년 3월 7일 처리, 4월 1일 이식, 8월 19일에 채취하여 근, 경, 엽으로 나누어 일반 무기성분(N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn)을 분석한바 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 훈증제처리가 2년생인삼의 지상하부의 생육을 촉진하였는데, 지하부 생체중의 경우 , 건물중의 경우 증가하였다. 2. 지상하부의 질소와 인산의 함량은 훈증제처리구에서 무처리구에 비하여 증가하였으나, a의 경우에는 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. K의 경우에 있어서는 지하부에서는 함량이 감소하였으나, 지하부에서는 증가하였다. 3. 미량요소의 경우에 있어서는 Mn, Fe의 함량은 훈증제처리구에서 증가하였으나, Na, Zn의 함량에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 4. 훈증제의 처리깊이(15cm, 30cm)에 따른 차이에서 보면 2년생인삼의 생육과 화학적조성에는 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었다.

Background: Dazomet are widely used as soil fumigant to solve soilborne problems, and the degradation intermediates are toxic to nematodes, fungi, bacteria, insects and weeds. Methods and Results: The effects of cultivation of green manure crop, maize before and after soil fumigation on the control of ginseng root rot disease were compared using soil where 6-years-old ginseng was harvested. Fumigant (dazomet) were used for soil fumigation in May and September, respectively. Maize was grown for soil management before and after soil fumigation. After May fumigation, the sowing date of maize was delayed by 15 days and thus its dry weight was decreased significantly. Maize cultivation after May fumigation increased pH but decreased EC, NO3, P2O5, and K significantly. Maize cultivation after May fumigation decreased fungi population and the ratio of fungi and bacteria. Growth of 2-years-old ginseng was improved and the incidence of ginseng root rot was significantly decreased by maize cultivation after May fumigation. After harvesting 2-years-old ginseng, the population of Cylindrocarpon destructans was not different between treatment of May and September, but Fusarium solani showed a significant increase in September fumigation after maize cultivation. Conclusions: Maize cultivation after soil fumigation was effective in inhibiting ginseng root rot by the amendment of mineral composition and microorganism in fumigated soil.

Background : Replant failure of ginseng is caused by soil-born pathogens causing root rot such as Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani. Dazomet are widely used as soil fumigant to solve soilborne problems, and the degradation intermediates are toxic to nematodes, fungi, bacteria, insects and weeds. Methods and Results : The effects of cultivation of green manure crop, maize before and after soil fumigation on the control of ginseng root rot disease were compared using soil of field where 6-years-old ginseng was harvested. Fumigant (dazomet) were used for soil fumigation in May and September, respectively. Maize was grown for soil management before and after soil fumigation. Maize cultivation after May fumigation was delayed the sowing day by 15 days, and the fresh and dry weight decreased significantly. Maize cultivation after May fumigation increased pH but decreased EC, NO3, P2O5, and K significantly. Maize cultivation after May fumigation decreased fungi population and ratio of fungi and bacteria. Growth of 2-years-old ginseng was improved and the incidence of ginseng root rot was significantly decreased by maize cultivation after May fumigation. After harvesting 2-years-old ginseng, the population of Cylindrocarpon destructans was not different among treatments, but Fusarium solani showed a significant increase in September fumigation after maize cultivation. Conclusion : Maize cultivation after soil fumigation was effective in inhibiting ginseng root rot by improvement of mineral composition and microorganism in soils.

Background : Ginseng is a perennial, and damage occurs due to various diseases and pests. As a result, yield decreases and quality deteriorates. In particular, it is impossible to be repeatedly cultivated due to root rot, soil-borne disease. For this, in order to control root rot and repeatedly cultivate ginseng by using soil fumigation from virgin soil, this experiment was conducted. Methods and Results : This experiment was performed in ginseng farm field, Geumsan-gun, Chungnam province. And total area was 3ha. And the experiment was conducted in soil where apple trees had been grown. Apple trees were rooted up in 2006. And soil was fumigated in May 2007. With regard to soil fumigant, soil was treated with Basamid of 40kg/10a. After soil fumigation, 5 ton/10a of cattle manure fermented for 1 year was put in the soil in June, and then the soil was cared for by being plowed and rotary-tilled as occasion. Ginseng seeds were sowed in the soil cared for in October 2007. And 4-year-old ginseng was harvested in 2011. The soil from which ginseng was harvested was fumigated by the same method in May 2012, and then ginseng seeds were sowed in 1.5ha in October 2012 and in 1.5ha in October 2013. In October 2013, 3-year-old and 4-year-old ginseng was harvested. And ginseng growth characteristics and root rot incidence was examined. It was shown that 4-year-old ginseng yield after the fumigation of virgin soil was nearly 2 times as high as that of conventional virgin soil cultivation. And root rot didn't occur. After that time, the soil was fumigated again. And when ginseng was cultivated, 3-year-old and 4-year-old ginseng yield was 650kg and 960kg per 10a. And it was shown that root rot incidence was 1.3% and 15.3% in 3-year-old and 4-year-old ginseng respectively. Conclusion : This study showed the results where ginseng can be cultivated repeatedly if soil was fumigated again after ginseng was harvested following the soil fumigation from virgin soil so as to control the ginseng root rot and cultivate ginseng repeatedly.