We examined how North Korean refugees (NKRs) residing in South Korea and South Korean natives (SKs) perceive expressive speech act with message-oriented utterances and relationship-oriented utterances. Unlike most previous literature, we focused on the pragmatic heterogeneity and illustrated possible pragmatic failures that NKRs may encounter in South Korea. The 47-SKs and 43-NKRs responded to the survey with videoclips that shows combinations of the speech acts (thanking, compliment/response, and apology) and the utterance type (message-oriented and relationship-oriented). Each video entails three survey questions asking for participant's perception of conversations and their evaluation on the speaker's personality. The analysis revealed that SKs' perception of relationship-oriented utterances is more positive than NKRs. Also, NKRs' evaluations did not change significantly over time, showing that explicit instruction on the difference may be required. These findings suggest that for successful communication between two groups with different sociocultural backgrounds, instruction in language use can be helpful.

An individual's food-related personal traits play an important role in influencing personal food choice and habits. According to culture, their influence can manifest differently. To ascertain personal traits about food, FNS (food neophobia scale) and FIS (food involvement scale) were employed in recent studies. This study aimed to understand the food culture and food choices of East-South Asians who live or stay in Korea through comparison of FNS and FIS. Eighty Koreans and 233 East-south Asians (Indonesians, Filipinos, Malaysians, Vietnamese, Thai, Singaporeans, and Bangladeshi) completed a questionnaire to measure FNS (10 questions), FIS (12 questions), and sociodemographic conditions (9 questions). ANOVA was conducted to ascertain FNS and FIS between the groups, and regression analysis was carried out to determine which sociodemographic factors had an effect. The items were analyzed to determine the differences according to gender, age, marital status, nationality, religion, occupation, educational background, monthly income, and length of residence in Korea. FNS showed significant differences between the groups with regard to sociodemographic characteristics, except gender, age, and marital status, whereas FIS showed significant differences in gender, nationality, religion, occupation, educational background, monthly income, and length of residence in Korea. The results of the regression analysis suggest that nationality strongly affected FNS and FIS, and FIS was also affected by gender.

This article is a research that surveyed and compared everyday customs, such as food, clothing and shelter, rites and seasonal rituals, and awareness of daily issues, such as views on family values, marriage, education and career, of South Koreans with that of North Korean defectors, in order to better understand the characteristics of living culture of South Koreans and North Korean defectors and to search for ways for the two groups to communicate better and culturally integrate. The results of the research show that, in relation to everyday customs such as clothing, food and shelter, rites and seasonal rituals, both South Koreans and North Korean defectors had transformed the traditional living culture to befit the lifestyles of the modern era. It seems that everyday customs of South Koreans had become more westernized while North Korean defectors maintained more traditional customs, but such difference decreased as defectors spent longer time in South Korea. One commonality in everyday customs found between the two was that customs acted as a mechanism maintaining a sense of community among South Koreans and among North Korean defectors, who had lived for a long time in different systems. Due to inter-Korea tensions, and differing experience and habits formed under the different systems of capitalism and socialism, a large gap between the two groups was found in the area of day to day awareness and values. Differences were most pronounced in views on marriage and career. First of all, South Koreans were more negative toward marriage with a North Korean defector than with a Korean of another country whereas the defectors were more negative toward marriage with an overseas Korean and positive toward marriage with a South Korean. Secondly, for South Koreans, the higher the income, the stronger the pride they had over their jobs. However, for North Korean, those with lower income tended to be more proud of their jobs. South Koreans preferred becoming civil servants and professionals. North Korean defectors also added to the list, workers, as a job that made them proud. Thirdly, in choosing their jobs, South Koreans felt the thoughts and advice of their parents to be important while North Korean defectors were more reliant on state policy. The results of this study gives us important insight into how we can promote cultural integration of South Koreans and North Korean defectors. First of all, the negative perspective South Koreans have of North Korean defectors has to be fundamentally revisited. It is essential that the prejudice of equating ordinary North Koreans with the government be overcome and that North Korean defectors be seen with a sense of national solidarity. Secondly, South Koreans and North Koreans defectors need to share the advantages of individualism and collectivism that the two sides had acquired as a result of living under different systems, and be able to use those advantages as a driver of social development. Third, cultural integration between South Koreans and North Korean defectors must be a process of attaining diversity in national everyday customs while respecting the customs of the other, and also of heading toward further expanding and developing national everyday customs.

이 연구는 남북 공유하천의 바람직한 관리 비전과 목표를 수립하기 위해서 북한강의 임남댐 사례를 통해 합리적인 관리 전략을 세우는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법론적으로는, 게임이론의 접근 방법을 통해 남북한 공유하천 문제의 해법을 찾아보았다. 기존의 논의가 주로 남북 간의 비협조적인 상황 하에서의 대응전략을 주요한 관심으로 한 데 비해 본 연구에서는 보상을 연계시킨 협조게임의 접근방법으로 남북 간의 협력의 가능성을 시나리오를 설정하여 분석하였다. 또 남북이