This study was conducted to examine the architectural characteristics of Hak-seong Lee Family's Geun-jae-gong Historic House located in Seok-cheon-ri, Ung-chon-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan. The house is said to have been rebuilt in the early 20th century after it was built in the 18th century, and now there are nine buildings left, including the An-chae, Sa-rang-chae, Sa-dang, storehouses and etc. This house is a large-scale house that is difficult to find similar cases in near region. The division of areas on each building is clear, and it is evaluated that it retains the typical characteristics of the head family in the late Joseon Dynasty in terms of its overall size and layout. In addition, the current wooden structure, which is said to have been rebuilt in the early 20th century, shows the composition method and space utilization method of the 3-Dori type upper structure, which have become more diverse since the late Joseon Dynasty. This has not been dealt with in the previous survey, and should be considered in detail through this paper.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the space composition and landscape structure around the village forests in five villages located on the coast of Wando-gun. The research focuses on field investigation and literature review. The results of this study are as follows In the case of village forests constructed for the protection of villages and cultivated areas in the coastal area of Wando-gun, which is the study area, it is confirmed that there are mountains behind the forests. Through the analysis of landscape elements, it was concluded that two types of layouts exist. Regarding the space composition around the village forest on the coast, it was found that there is a type A arranged in the order of sea → coast → village forest → village → cultivated land → rear mountain, and a type B arranged in the order the sea → coast → village forest → cultivated land → village → cultivated land → rear mountain. In the analysis of landscape characteristics, the elevation angle from the coast to the top of the mountain behind the village forest was measured. Accordingly, elevation angles of approximately 16°–17° in the type A arrangement and 7°–9° in type B arrangement were determined. From these results, it can be confirmed that the space composition and placement of the village forest with disaster prevention function vary according to the distance and elevation (changes in elevation angle) from the coast to the rear mountain.

This paper analyzes the location, landscape elements, and outdoor space composition in the Korean Sosu seowon and Chinese Bailudong seowon. The Sosu and Bailudong seowons were designed to fit well into similar valleys, and they share the approach of Jwa hak woo myo, which means the sacrificial space is on the right and the educational space is on the left. The two seowons each have unique layout characteristics, which reflect topographical features. In the case of the Sosu seowon, the buildings have different orientations, creating a natural arrangement of structures. By contrast, in Bailudong seowon, buildings have a fixed orientation and a formal serial-parallel arrangement along five abscissa axes and one longitudinal axis. Pedestrian systems were established in both seowons, designed to reflect the hierarchical order of the buildings. The Sosu seowon adopted the pedestrian system that encouraged strolling, while the Bailudong seowon’s orthogonal circulation system was set up lengthwise, in parallel with the transverse. The component buildings used for worshiping ancestors and giving lectures, as well as the supporting spaces, were created at the start of the building process, while various other buildings were built to meet the needs of later periods. The two waterscape facilities are also very different: the Takcheongji (pond) at the Sosu seowon symbolizes clarifying the mind through study, while the Panchi (pond) at the Bailudong seowon merges with the Lishengdian (shrine) to contain and represent Confucian culture. The rock carvings at the two seowons differ in both quantity and content. However both sets of rock carvings incorporate Neo-Confucian meanings designed to encourage students to cultivate themselves. From the perspective of earlier literature, both seowons took the meaning of trees very seriously, although they planted different types of trees in their grounds.

A bridge is a space used as a passage. This space should be functional, solid, and beautiful. Since the beginning of human life, bridge architecture has given importance to function as a connection from one place to another. Stepping stones in the stream were the connections between divided spaces in the agricultural life, the bridge on the entrances of a town was the place for separation, expectation, and communication for people gathering around the community. Southern Chinese provinces such as Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan, and Guizhon is famous for it's spectacular scenary, and tribes like the 'Miao' and 'Dong' live in a cooperate community. The 'Dong' tribe is one of the 'Yue' genealogy where the people have settled down in this place in the days of 'Qin Shi Huang(Qin dynasty)'. As the population of the 'Dong' tribe growed, they used a bridge to connect town to town. The scale became larger with additional design, giving splendid achievement to bridge architecture. The 'Fungyu bridge' in Tongdao and 'Chungyang bridge' in Sanjiang are some fine examples. The Fungyu bridge could be defined as a bridge which blocks wind and rain, this has the same function as the lounge bridge in Taishun located in southern Zhejiang province. In Taishun, 5 minority races such as the 'Dong' and 'Miao' people have been living together as a clan society for centuries on mountains as high as 1000m following their own tradition. The 'Xiliu river' flowing thorough has a variety of bridges remaining in it's original form, and it is recently known as a museum of ancient bridges. The formation of the bridges in Tongdao and Taishun shows that it is different with the arch and straight bridges remaining in Korea. In this study, it is readjusting the base data, showing plan characteristics and describing the construction of the wooden structure above the bridge post.

The aim of this study is to understand the original methods of architectural composition in F. L. Wright's works, For this purpose, the principal thoughts based on his organic architecture was examined over all others, and the results of this study are as follows. 1. F. L. Wright knew Taoist Philosophy, especially Lao-tzu's thought about space based on traditional oriental arts included traditional japanese arts by his superior intuition. this is similar to Froebel Thought in the principal theory, that is, his own unique field of abstract architectural education with three-dimensional geometry learned through Froebel Gifts. 2. Space is reality ; such Lao-tzu's thought, reversed the sense of values, influenced F. L. Wright's way to accomplish his own continuous space. that is to say, he attempted taking precedence of spatial organization by the unit of three-dimensional module made the substance, Froebel Blocks (3, 4, 5, 6 Gifts) into non-substance, and trying to do the methods of continuous liberal composition in architecture. which is his original accomplishment, namely his mentioned 'democratic' because of judging the space and the mold of architecture as individualities. 3. F. L. Wright treated the space as a positive entity, so that he created his own architecture organically combined with spaces and forms. : This was the result that he comprehended both formative, physical worth in West and spatial, non-physical worth in East as equivalence. It is understood that F. L. Wright's works combined with East and West are the significance of his architecture and the progress of true internationalities and modernization in modern architecture. 4. From the analyses of his works, we knew the fact that F. L. Wright's architecture, especially in the spatial organization were performed by the reasonable methods with geometric system of Froebel Gifts. In the observation of our fundamental way of thinking on his architecture, this study shows the necessity to let us get out of preconceptions and conclusions that the organic architecture is mysterious and difficult, but to systematize and put his organic methods to practical use.

최근 들어 아토피 피부염, 알레르기 비염, 천식 등 환경성질환이 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이며, 특히 아토피질환의 발생 혹은 악화에 관여하는 환경적 요인은 생물학적 요인, 화학적 요인, 물리적 요인 등으로 분류할 수 있으며 면역력이 약한 어린이, 청소년 및 노인층을 중심으로 꾸준히 발생에 대한 예방관리에 더욱더 많은 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 청소년 복지시설로서의 환경성질환센터 계획에 관한 연구이다. 유아기에서부터 청소년기까지 정규 교육과정 이 외에 가장 가깝게 접하는 생활권 청소년수련시설에 환경성 질환에 관한 예방 및 생활교육으로서의 시설 제안을 통하여 환 경적, 물리적 요인에 의하여 발생되는 환경성 질환을 청소년기에 예방하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 이에 본 연구는 청소년복지시 설로서의 환경성질환센터에 관한 공간디자인 관점에서 적절한 단위공간규모 및 공간 간의 동선계획 및 관계성을 공간구성 도로 만들어 지자체나 정부기관에서 예방적 차원의 시설을 계획할 때 각론적 기준을 제시하는 것에 의의 두고자 한다.

This study focused on the buildings, wharves, and parks of the coastal space of Chongqing based on the ten-year construction draft plan of the alternate capital. From an investigation of these three components according to their type, structure, terrain, function, spatial layer, and so on, the following conclusions were drawn: The coastal space of Chongqing is composed of three different layers. The first and second layers consisted of the two-river intersection basin with the transportation and commemorative space at the center, the Yangtze River basin with the commercial space at the center, and the Jialing River with the military and recreational space at the center. The third-layer is centered around the commemorative space. The coastal space of Chongqing manifested the limitations of the times, its traditionality, and an integrated development process.

This study has been carried out to verify curative effect of lavender and lawn, a green space composition factor. Thus, the physiological index value of blood pressure, heart rate and salivary amylase were measured with object of 16 women in their 20~30s for stress relaxation effect at lavender garden and lawn square, and impression assessment upon SD method as for psychological value was performed in this study. And a survey was conducted on necessity and reason of urban green space with object of 345 men and women urban workers. As a result of variance analysis between groups and multi test of Turkey upon object place, the blood pressure was lowered the same at lavender garden and lawn square, and especially, high blood pressure was greatly lowered to 30 mmHG at lavender garden. On the other hand, low blood pressure group showed the tendency of a little increasing at the same places. And for the pulse, there was difference between high blood pressure group and normal group at the same places. To conclude, at lavender garden and lawn square the blood pressure was made to be lowered when it’s high, and when it’s low, the effect of returning to sound status, the function of increasing, was verified. In case of impression assessment upon SD method, the lawn square was assessed as resting place and lavender garden diversional place. And over 90% of urban workers responded to the green space’s necessity and curative effect, diversion and resting place were adopted for the reason in high-ranking items. As above the green space pattern that urban workers require and curative effect of lavender garden and lawn square were verified. Therefore, the functional green space plan is required, which curative effect, diversion and resting place are considered, for the future green space plan design.

The actual situation of the rural house already improved since 1970's by standard plan of rural house was surveyed, to find out residential problems and farmers'intention to the improvement, and to make some space composition. The floor space of a living room and sanitary and bath facilities be required of larger dimensions than present. Facilities of sanitary and bath should be stayed indoors. The using-much-room is necessary to washing · and dressing after farm working. The space composition of rural house be variously developed on the basis of farmers'characteristies.