This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact of deforestation and forest restoration on carbon storage in North Korea until 2050, employing rigorous analyses of trends of land use change in the past periods and projecting future land use change scenarios. We utilized the CA-Markov model, which can reflect spatial trends in land use changes, and verified the impact of forest restoration strategies on carbon storage by creating land use change scenarios (reforestation and non-reforestation). We employed two distinct periods of land use maps (2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2020). To verify the overall terrestrial carbon storage in North Korea, our evaluation included estimations of carbon storage for various elements such as above-ground, below-ground, soil, and debris (including litters) for settlement, forest, cultivated, grass, and bare areas. Our results demonstrated that effective forest restoration strategies in North Korea have the potential to increase carbon storage by 4.4% by the year 2050, relative to the carbon storage observed in 2020. In contrast, if deforestation continues without forest restoration efforts, we predict a concerning decrease in carbon storage by 11.5% by the year 2050, compared to the levels in 2020. Our findings underscore the significance of prioritizing and continuing forest restoration efforts to effectively increase carbon storage in North Korea. Furthermore, the implications presented in this study are expected to be used in the formulation and implementation of long-term forest restoration strategies in North Korea, while fostering international cooperation towards this common environmental goal.

Almost all of the water from agricultural dams located to the upper of the Yeongsan river is supplied as irrigation water for farmland and thus is not discharged to the main stream of the river. Also, most of the irrigation water does not return to the river after use, adding to the lack of flow in the main stream. As a result, the water quality and aquatic health of the river have become the poorest among the four major rivers in Korea. Therefore, in this study, several strategies for water quality improvement of the river were developed considering pollution reduction and flow rate increase, and their effect analysis was performed using a water quality model. The results of this study showed that the target water quality of the Yeongsan river could be achieved if flow increase strategies (FISs) are intensively pursued in parallel with pollution reduction. The reason is because the water quality of the river has been steadily improved through pollution reduction but this method is now nearing the limit. In addition, rainfall-related FISs such as dam construction and water distribution adjustment may be less effective or lost if a megadrought continues due to climate change and then rainfall does not occur for a long time. Therefore, in the future, if the application conditions for the FISs are similar, the seawater desalination facility, which is independent of rainfall, should be considered as the priority installation target among the FISs. The reason is that seawater desalination facilities can replace the water supply function of dams, which are difficult to newly build in Korea, and can be useful as a climate change adaptation facility by preventing water-related disasters in the event of a long-term megadrought.

본 연구는 해양스포츠산업이 전라남도 지역경제를 선도할 수 있는 전략산업으로 육성시켜 지역브랜드를 제고할 수 있는 개발전략을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로 문헌조사는 해양스 포츠 관련 정책자료 및 선행연구를 분석하였고 심층면접에서의 답변은 의미단위로 범주(category)화하여 내용을 분석하였다. 이에 대한 결론으로 전라남도는 천혜의 자연조건을 적절히 활용하여 대표적인 해양 스포츠 시설을 구축하고, 관련 산업집약도가 낮은 전라남도는 경쟁력에서 문제점을 있지만 차별화된 해 양스포츠산업 단지를 조성하여 해양스포츠 장비를 개발하고 그에 따른 해양ㆍ문화ㆍ역사 등의 관광자원 과의 연계 노력이 필요하다.

한국이 인태전략 발표 이후 이를 효과적으로 추진하기 위해서는 지역 안보 분야에서 한국이 더 많은 부담을 감당하기를 바라는 미국의 기대를 어떻게 관리하는가의 문제가 현안으로 부상할 것이다. 미국은 공식적으 로 동맹을 바탕으로 한반도를 넘어 인태지역 전체에서 자유와 평화, 그 리고 번영을 위해 협력해야 함을 강조해왔다. 더구나 한국도 자신의 인 태전략을 발표하면서 역내에 기여와 역할을 약속했다. 이제 양국의 관심 은 한국의 역내 군사적 관여에 집중될 것이다. 본 연구는 미국이 역내 군사 적 관여를 요청해올 때 한미동맹의 비대칭적 관계 속에서 미국과의 협상 전략을 도출하고자 한다. 양면게임이론을 바탕으로 과거 유사 협상 사례를 분석하여 비 준과 윈셋이 협상 전략에 미치는 함의를 끌어내고자 하였다. 비준(국익 기여와 동맹 분담 관점에서 국내 집단 간 논쟁하면서 여론을 수렴하는)은 상대국과의 협 상에서 전략이 될 수 있다. 윈셋(국내에서 양보하거나 혹은 상대의 양보를 끌어 낼 수 있는)도 전략으로 유용할 것이다.

Political conflicts and trade tensions affect entrepreneurial activities. This paper qualitatively evaluates the success factors of a B2B company’s marketing management strategies within the context of trade policy changes. Results indicate that a strong brand, personal ties to customers, retailers and competitors, and international manufacturing sites reduce the risk. Companies not only face the challenge of disruptive innovation caused by global digitalization activities. In addition, disruptions in the macro-environment are actually increasing. One example that impedes the growth of industrial activities is the current, still escalating, US-China trade war. Unusual forms of marketing coalitions and networks in trans-organizational systems are considered key constellations to ensure future company success (Achrol, 1991). What are the success factors for a B2B company’s marketing management strategies within the context of disruptive economic market and industry conditions, e.g., international trade policy changes?

By using signaling theory, we shed light on how international entrepreneurial ventures co-brand with international players by leveraging multichannel approaches involving social media platforms. The contribution to signaling theory within international marketing literature is multi-fold.

This study explores the role of the digital communication in determining customers’ e-service agent use behavior and examines whether perceived communicator authority interacts with communication style toward strengthening or weakening future e-service agent use intention. The results of this study provide pioneering evidence on the effects of digital service communication strategies. This study contributes to digital service research by exploring the communication strategies of e-service agents. Results also provide implications for practitioners on how to achieve most out of deploying digital communications in the digital customer service platform.

As cryptocurrencies continue to gain viability as an asset class, institutional investors and publicly traded firms are beginning to enter into positions in digital currencies. While generating profits may be the primary purpose, corporations also wish to advertise to their stakeholders that they are keeping up-to-date with latest technological developments, trends, and cutting-edge investment opportunities in enhancing the wealth of the shareholders. The marketing and financial signals with the involvement in blockchain platforms and digital currencies intend to demonstrate the efficiency of corporate operations, and the agility in the utilization of the retained funds. What firms may not be considering however, is the effect these assets may have on their risk profiles. This paper aims at measuring the effect of digital currencies on the risk and returns of publicly traded companies, deciphering the motives behind holding a cryptocurrency as an asset, and determining whether one reason for holding is more impactful than another. Four largest publicly traded holders as well as four of the most prominent digital currencies are explored. The findings from the study contribute to the literature in corporate risk reporting, in marketing and financial motivations of digital currency holdings, and in digital currency risks. The conclusions of the study also make a case for firm transparency through detailed reports of the risk effects of digital currency holdings.

A molten salt reactor (MSR) is a conceptual nuclear reactor that uses molten salt with liquid fuel as its primary coolant. Based on the thermophysical and neutronic properties, MSR has advantages such as high efficiency, safety, combustion of transuranic (TRU) elements, and availability of miniaturization and on-power refueling. Various research on MSR such as system development, neutronic analysis, material development, and molten salt property analysis has been conducted, but the biggest problem is the molten salt corrosion. The molten salt corrosion on structural materials can be explained by two processes; electrochemical and chemical reactions. The reduction of oxidative ions such as fuel and TRU elements is one of the major causes of molten salt corrosion. Contamination by humidity and oxygen is also known as the accelerating factor of molten salt corrosion. Also, molten salt corrosion behaviors on structural material deteriorate when dissimilar alloys are introduced in the molten salt system. Various techniques to mitigate molten salt corrosion in fluoride system has been developed, but these are not well-verified in chloride system. In this research, various methodologies to mitigate molten salt corrosion are studied. The corrosion behaviors of 80Ni-20Cr alloy in molten eutectic NaCl-MgCl2 salt at 973 K are analyzed with various applications such as salt purification, sacrificial metal injection, and salt redox potential control. Oxygen and water impurities that can accelerate molten salt corrosion have been removed by electrochemical and chemical methods; Applying the reduction potential for H+/H2 and oxidation potential for O2-/O2, introducing HCl and CCl4 gas, and introducing the metallic Cr and recovering the ionized Cr. Corrosion acceleration/deceleration effects were analyzed when introducing the reducing reagent such as Mg and Nb or oxidizing reagent such as metallic Mo and the effect of inert metallic element (W) was also investigated. The salt potential was controlled by applying the potential to the salt and adjusting the Eu3+/Eu2+ ratio.

In order to use nuclear energy stably, high level radioactive waste including spent nuclear fuel that is inevitably discharged from nuclear power plants after electricity generation must be managed safely and isolated from the human living area for a long period of time. In consideration of the accumulated amount of spent nuclear fuel anticipated according to the national policy for HLW management, the area required for the deep geological repository facility is expected to be very large. Therefore, it is essential to conduct various studies to optimize the area required for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel in cases where the nationally available land is extremely limited, such as in Korea. In this study, as part of such research, the strategies and the requirements for the preliminary design of a high efficiency repository concept of spent nuclear fuel were established. For PWR spent nuclear fuel, seven assemblies of spent nuclear fuel can be accommodated in a disposal canister, and high burnup of spent nuclear fuel was taken into consideration, and the source terms such as the amount and time of discharge and disposal were based on the 2nd national basic plan. By evaluating the characteristics, the amount of decay heat that can be accommodated in the disposal canister was optimized through the combination of seven assemblies of spent nuclear fuel. The cooling period of the radiation source for the safety assessment of the repository system was set at 55 years, and the operation of the repository would start from 2070 and then the disposal schedule would be conducted according to the disposal scenario based on the national basic plan. With these disposal strategies described above, the main requirements for setting up the conceptual design of the high efficiency repository system to be carried out in this study were described below. • A combination of seven spent nuclear fuels with high heat and spent nuclear fuels with low heat was loaded into a disposal canister, and the thermal limit per disposal canister was 1,600 W. • In order to maintain the long-term performance of the repository, the maximum temperature design limit in the buffer material was set to 130°C. • In the deep disposal environment, the safety factor [yield strength/maximum stress] required to maintain the structural stability of the disposal canister should be maintained at 2.0 or higher so that integrity of the canister can be maintained even under long-term hydrostatic pressure and buffer swelling pressure in the deep disposal environment. • The repository should have a maximum exposure dose of 10 mSv/yr or less, which is the legal limit in case of a single event such as an earthquake, and the risk level considering natural phenomena and human intrusion, which is less than the legal limit of 10-6/yr. These strategies and requirements can be used to develop the high-efficiency geological disposal concept for spent nuclear fuels as an alternative disposal concept.

The domestic representative nuclear fuel cycle facilities are post-irradiation examination facility (PIEF) and Irradiated Examination Facility (IMEF) at KAERI. They have regularly operated since 1991 and 1993, respectively. Due to the long period of use, the facilities are ageing, and maintenance costs are increasing every year. The maintenance methods have mainly been breakdown maintenance (BM) and partially preventive maintenance (PM). They involve replacing components that have problems through periodic inspections by on-site inspectors. However, these methods are not only uncertain in terms of replacement cycles due to worker’s deviation on the inspection results, but also make it difficult to respond accidents developed through failures on the critical equipment that confines radioactive material. Therefore, an advanced operation and maintenance studied in 2022 through all of nuclear facilities operated at KAERI. Advancement strategy in four categories (safety, sustainability, performance, innovativeness) was analyzed and their priorities according to a facility environment were determined so a roadmap for advanced operation and maintenance could be developed. The safety and sustainability are higher importance than the performance and innovativeness because facilities at KAERI has an emphasis on research and development rather than industrial production. Thus, strategy for advancement has focused even more on strengthening the safety and sustainability. To enhance safety, it has been identified that immediate improvement of aged structures, systems, and components (SSCs) through large-scale replacement is necessary, while consideration of implementing an ageing management program (AMP) in the medium to long term is also required. Facility sustainability requires strengthening operation expertise through training, education, and cultivation of specialized personnel for each system, and addressing outstanding regulatory issues such as approval of radiation environment report on the nuclear fuel processing facilities and improvement work according to fire hazard analysis. One of the safety enhancement methods, AMP, is a new maintenance approach that has not been previously applied, so it had to be thoroughly examined. In this study, an analysis was conducted on the procedure and method for introducing an AMP. An AMP for nuclear fuel cycle facilities was developed by analyzing the AMP applied to the BR2 research reactor in Belgium and modifying it for application to nuclear fuel cycle facilities. The ageing management for BR2 has the objective to maintain safety, availability and cost efficiency and three-step process. The first step is the classification of SSCs into four classes to apply graded approach. Secondly, ageing risk is assessed to identify critical failure modes, their frequency and precursors. Final step involves defining measures to reduce the ageing risk to an acceptable level in order to integrate the physical and economic aspects of ageing into a strategy for inspection, repair, and replacement. Similar approach was applied to the nuclear fuel cycle facility. Firstly, the SSCs of nuclear fuel cycle facilities have been classified according to their safety and quality classifications, as well as whether they are part of the confinement boundary. The SSCs involved in the confinement boundary were given more weight in the classification process, even if they are not classified as safety-class. A risk index for ageing was introduced to determine which prevention and mitigation measure should be chosen. By multiplying the health index and the impact index, the ageing risk matrix provides a numerical score that represents guidance on the prevention and mitigation of ageing effect. The health index is determined by combining the likelihood of failure and engineering evaluation of the current condition of SSCs, whereas the impact index is calculated by taking into account the severity of consequences and the duration of downtime resulting from a failure. This ageing management has to be thoroughly reviewed and modified to suit each facility before being applied to nuclear fuel cycle facilities.

빠르게 변화하는 해외 시장 환경 및 소비자 니즈의 변화에 발맞춰, 기업의 혁신 전략의 중요성이 강조되고 있음에도 불구하고, 경쟁전략과 신제품개발속의 관계에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지지 않 은 실정이다. 특히, 대기업에 비해 유무형 자원의 부족에 한계를 가지고 있는 중소기업에게 있어, 해외 시장 환경의 변화에 대처하는 경쟁전략의 선택은 중요한 의사결정 요소이며, 이러한 경쟁전략 은 신제품개발속도에 영향을 미치는 주요한 전략적 요인으로 작용한다. 이에 본 연구는, 차별화전 략과 비용우위전략이 신제품개발속도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 시장역동성이 이러한 관계에 어 떠한 조절효과를 미치는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 한국 중소수출업체를 대상으로 설문을 진행 하였으며, 차별화전략과 비용우위전략이 신제품개발속도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였 다. 나아가, 시장역동성이 높을수록, 차별화전략이 신제품개발속도에 미치는 긍정적인 영향은 커지 지만, 비용우위전략이 신제품개발속도에 미치는 긍정적인 영향은 약해지는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연 구는, 경쟁전략이 신제품개발속도에 미치는 영향을 제안하고 검증하였으며, 시장이 빠르게 변화할 경우, 경쟁전략의 긍정적인 효과가 달라질 수 있음을 확인하였다는 점에서 학문적 및 실무적 시사 점이 있을 것으로 기대된다.

제조기업의 혁신전략은 기업의 기술경영활동에 있어서 기술의 확보, 연구개발, 제품혁신 등 다양한 방식을 통해 궁극적으로 경쟁우위와 연결되기 때문에 기업의 기술경영을 논하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 그동안 국내 제조기업 혁신전략 연구는 기업 규모별·산업별 혁신전략, 혁신 성과, 혁신을 위한 자원 확보 등 다양한 측면에서 연구되어 왔으나, 이들 연구 결과를 종합적⋅체계적으로 분석하는 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 국내 학계의 제조기업 혁신전략 논의를 종합하고자 2005년부터 2021년까지 한국학술재단 등재 학술지에 게재된 국내 제조기업 혁신전략 연구 51편을 대상으로 체계적 문헌 연구를 실시하였다. 연구 대상 문헌에 대한 분석 결과를 토대로 크게 세 가지 측면(분석대상, 연구초점, 혁신전략 유형) 에서 논의 결과를 종합하고 국내 제조기업 혁신전략 연구의 특징을 도출하였다. 연구 결과, 국내 제조기업 혁신전략 연구는 위 세 가지 측면을 기준으로 보았을 때 일부 분야에 편향된 연구가 이루어져 온 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 이를 바탕으로 국내 제조기업 혁신전략 연구의 미래 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

세계 5대 갯벌해역으로 유명한 한국 서해 경기만의 기후변화 영향을 파악하고, 기후변화 영향을 최소화하기 위한 적응방안 연 구하였다. 경기만의 기후변화 영향으로 2100년에 수온은 1.2 ℃ 증가하고, 염분이 1.1 PSU 감소하며, 해수면은 35.2 cm 상승하는 것으로 예 측되었다. 또한 해수면 상승의 효과로 150.5 km2의 해안지역이 침수될 것으로 예상되었다. 기후변화로 인한 경기만 생태환경 영향을 최소 화하기 위한 적응대책으로는 1) 경기만 자체 자연환경의 적응능력 유지를 위한 지원, 2) 생물 서식지 확보를 위한 인간 활동 조정 등 두가 지 방안이 제시되었다.

The (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary is a multilingual dictionary of Chinese characters marked in multiple characters. It records the pronunciation and interpretation of Korean, Japanese, Northern Mandarin and Manchurian language corresponding to Chinese characters. There are few Chinese-Korean bilingual dictionaries in modern Korea, and the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary, which records many Chinese words, is evaluated as the prototype of Chinese-Korean dictionaries. In this study, we examine the Chinese and Korean meanings of the ‘火部’ Chinese monosyllabic cooking verbs in the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary. We then analyze their meanings, summarize their meaning-positions and classify the semantic fields. Furthermore, the accuracy of their Chinese and Korean interpretations in the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary is examined, and the prominent interpretation methods and characteristics of the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary are investigated. This study examines the influence of Modern Times food culture and language, and also points out the problems of Modern Times Chinese-Korean bilingual dictionaries and the direction of future dictionary compilation. This paper discussed the applicability of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionary definitions, examine the interpretation strategies of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionaries, summarize their similarities and differences. This paper also discusses the applicability of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionaries from the perspective of language learners. This study has significance for researchers on the historical development of Chinese-Korean dictionary compilation.