Since 2017, the Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control (KINAC) has been implementing State System of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Materials (SSAC) training courses for the nuclear Newcomer States. This IAEA SSAC course for Newcomer States aims to provide overall concepts and techniques, particularly on nuclear material accountancy and control systems, and address future challenges with regard to developing new nuclear power plants. Due to the restricted travels and limited in-person access to training and facilities from the COVID-19 pandemic, however, a new software was developed to substitute a technical tour on bulk handling facility (BHF) of the training course, and the course was favorably shifted to online in 2021. This newly built training software allows participants to follow each step of the technical process at a virtual bulk handing facility, and provides a video tour for such conditions where the software is found difficult to operate. Another feature of the development is a security function that prevents access of unauthorized users to the software. The achievement is expected to strengthen the SSAC of Newcomer States and ensure the practical implementation of safeguards from the initial stage of their novel nuclear power program through cooperation with IAEA. This contribution of the Republic of Korea (ROK) as one of the leading countries in the field of nuclear nonproliferation will further extend the partnership between IAEA and ROK and promote cooperation with the Newcomer States.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the service quality, professional competence and loyalty of China tourists visiting Taiwan. A crosssectional survey was used to collect usable data from the China tourists who participate in group tourism to Taiwan. The result indicate that the China tourists felt the service quality of “meal” in Taiwan is the best and good feeling in “professional knowledge” of tour guide. In addition, this study found that the professional competence of tour guide has an intermediary effect between the quality of tourist services and tourist loyalty. The quality of tourism service can positively influence the loyalty of China tourists to Taiwan, meanwhile, the quality of tourism service can positively affect the professional competence of tour guide and the professional competence of tour guide can positively affect the loyalty of China tourists travel to Taiwan. According to the results, the study found that travel agencies should focus on the training of tour guide, which help travel agencies to raise the value of travels product and attract more tourist.

Elder consumers are important consumer segment because of baby boomers and incoming aging societies in many countries. MacInnis and Mello (2005) indicate that hope is an important construct to influence consumer decisions. For many elder people who rely on others to lead a life gradually lose control of making consumption decision for themselves. If autonomy is one of the important value for elder people as Leventhal (1997) proposed, the moderating effect of decision autonomy to counterbalance the effect of hope is discussed in this study if it can enhance elder consumers’ SWB. This study firstly explored the antecedent factors of hope by adopting subjective evaluation from elder consumers. Then, hope was further manipulated in terms of goal importance and goal uncertainty to investigate the mechanism on consumption decision and SWB. A between-subjective experiment manipulated hope in two dimensions, goal importance (high / low) and goal outcome certainty (certainty / uncertainty), invited 142 consumers aged above 65 years old to participate. Result indicates that better mental health and financial ability as well as younger cognitive age relate to the hope of elder consumers and influence SWB. Hope is partially the psychological mechanism to influence more on SWB. Decision autonomy is not found its moderating effect on hope to SWB.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect that Chinese tourists’ perceptions of beauty products and their friendliness toward Korean culture have on beauty tourism, particularly on Chinese tourists’ intent to purchase, re-purchase, and recommend beauty products. Between the 10th and 21st of June, 2016, a total of 277 questionnaires were distributed in Seoul, Busan, and Daegu using SPSS 21.0. Cronbach’s α was undertaken to test the reliability of the questions and an analysis of the frequency, factors, t-test, and Sobel test used in the study. Korean beauty was derived from two factors: “product favorability” and “product excellence and credibility.” Product favorability had a significant effect on the intent to purchase, as did participants’ friendliness toward Korean culture. Re-purchases and the intent to recommend beauty products were also significantly affected. In the relationship between the perception of beauty products and the intent to purchase, the study revealed partial mediation effects of the participants’ friendliness toward Korean culture on product favorability and complete mediation effects on product excellence and credibility. Friendliness toward Korean culture had partially mediated the effect that product favorability had on the intent to re-purchase and recommend. Tourists’ friendliness toward Korean culture had complete mediation on the effect that product excellence and credibility had on the intent to re-purchase and recommend. According to the Gender Equality and Family Act, the difference between buying and selling beauty depends on the difference between purchase and intentions. Friendliness toward Korean culture has become an important variable thanks to product superiority and reliability.

Tour application have a lot of information to offer. Because smart phones’ screen is small, it is necessary to efficiently organize user interface(UI). To have a quantity analysis on human's' attention affected by layout position in tour application UI design, an experiment was proposed and then the data analysis was done. Thirty subjects took part in our experiment and 20 tour application layout images divided into four area of interest (AOI) were taken as the stimulus randomly. Data was recorded by the Tobi Pro X2-30 eye tracker system. The heat maps and gaze plot results were analyzed. And then One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) statistical method was applied to finding out the significant difference in factor levels. Results show that the active area and eye movements tracking roads within statistic meaning. Moreover, ANOVA (F = 24.28, p = 2.21267e􎂡15 < 0.01) shows that the different positions have significance difference effect on subjects' attention and mean of AOI (4) is a significant difference from other three area. And then the influence degree of AOI (4) (F = 13.90, p = 0.098 > 0.05) is weaker than other regions through the simple test. In conclusion, the tour applications should be considered the layout position effects on improving the attraction for corresponding users.

This study examined how Chinese tourists’ beauty tour preferences and attitudes toward Korean culture impacted their purchasing behaviors, repurchasing intentions, and the likelihood that they would recommend the products and services they received. Between the 10th and 21st of June, 2016, a total of 277 questionnaires were distributed in Seoul, Busan and Daegu using SPSS 21.0. On the surveys, beauty tour preferences were divided into the following categories: human service, high quality service, convenience․accessibility & cost, and facility & atmosphere. The study found that high quality service and convenience & accessibility significantly affected respondents’ purchasing intentions, with high quality service showing the higher standardized beta value. Friendliness to Korean culture also had a significant impact on beauty tour purchasing intentions. Preference for human service, high quality service, and facility & atmosphere significantly affected the purchasing intentions and the likelihood o f respondent recommendations, with higher standardized beta values shown (from high est to lowest) in the preference for facility & atmosphere, and preference for human service and high quality service respectively. Concerning perceptions of beauty products, preference for quality had a significant impact on the repurchasing intentions and intentions of respondents to make recommendations, as did the respondents’, friendliness toward Korean culture. This study suggests that, to be most effective, beauty tours should emphasize human service and facility & atmosphere, as well as high quality service. In addition, preference for beauty services or products, and friendliness to Korean culture must be considered.

The purpose of this research was to reveal how Jong Ga and its cuisine is perceived by Koreans and foreign tourists and to develop Jong Ga culinary culture for culinary tourism. The Inje Jong Ga was chosen since it is located in Jeonju, Hanok Village, which is a destination for tourists and gourmet enthusiasts. In-depth personal interviews were performed with Koreans and with foreign tourists who were visiting Korea. Interviews were done to provide deeper insight into the comments and subject matters. Most tourists selected "having one table setting for each (Doksang)" as the most distinctive part of Jong Ga and its cuisine. To develop the experience at a Jong Ga as a culinary destination, questionnaires were created to study six areas: preferences on length of stay, price range, food serving style, things to be improved, expectations by as a tourist at a Jong Ga, and the role of the food guide. Perceptions toward Jong Ga and its cuisine were generally positive, but the quality of service and lack of organization in establishments were perceived to be the negative factors.

본 연구는 감정노동의 연구대상을 좀 더 다양한 산업으로 확대할 필요성이 있어 지금까지 연구되지 않았던 철도여행인솔자 288명을 대상으로 이들의 감정노동을 내면행동과 표면행동으로 구분하여 부정적결과인 감정부조화와 긍정적 결과인 직무만족에 각각 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고, 감정노동과 직무만족과의 관계에서 감정부조화의 매개효과와 감정노동과 감정부조화의 관계에서 감정표현규범몰입의 조절효과를 실증 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 우선, 철도여행인솔자의 내면행동은 감정부조화에 부(-)의 영향을, 표면행동은 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 내면행동은 정(+)의 영향을, 표면행동은 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감정부조화는 직무만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 감정부조화의 매개효과를 분석한 결과 내면행동과 표면행동 모두 감정부조화를 부분매개하여 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 감정표현규범몰입의 조절효과를 분석한 결과, 감정표현규범몰입은 내면행동으로 인한 감정부조화에는 유의한 조절효과를 보이지 않았으나, 표면행동으로 인한 감정부조화는 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 도출하였으며, 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

This study is to explain the importance and the necessity of virtual cyber-tour in a virtual reality environment, and to present a way of its realization as a mean to surmount the fundamental constraints in current tourism, arising mainly from the individual health, cost, leisure time, and the low perception on tourism culture. This virtual cyber-tour using virtual reality technology will not only provide various indirect tour experiences to the existing tour resources, but also develop a new type of tour system, leading to new worlds which have not been accessible to the Public because of various restrictions coming from the current technology, transportation means, and physical limit's of human body.

This research seeks to explain factors and relationship models of entrepreneurs capable of building service innovations in Andaman coast with the ultimate aim to ignite sufficient development of regional tourism, increase working potentials, and provide a guideline for tour operations. Initially, document examination and discussions with five experts were conducted to build in-depth interview questions. 19 entrepreneurs were interviewed to examine factors involved and we consulted later with the five experts and six successful entrepreneurs in the regions, as well as with the representatives of the Association of Thai Tour Operators and Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) of Phuket, Krabi, and Trang. The results were analyzed according to the theory of resource-based and innovative entrepreneurs. The factors obtained were generated from systematic causes: Nature of Entrepreneurships and Organizational capabilities, the mediator variables of Service Innovation Capability; and Organizational Performance (non-finance). Moreover, the external factors needing to be adjusted regarding the environmental changes were described. The tour operators are suggested to build networking to increase tourism potential with sustainability by providing the entrepreneurs opportunities to be involved in tourism development, accessing the knowledge, technology and innovations resulting in sustainable tourism, quality livelihood, and sustainable ecological management of communities.

The study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity on the firm market value, in particular, market capitalization of tour operators listed on Chinese stock markets. This study employs panel data analysis methods to examine endogeneity concerns in observational data. The balanced panel data includes a total of 1,296 observations with 27 cross-sections of tour operators listed on Chinese stock markets and with 48 time-specific periods from March 2006 to December 2017. The results indicate that CSR activity has a negative impact on the market value of the firm for the concurrent period, but from one-period time lag and afterwards CSR activity has a strong positive impact on the market value and sustains its positive impact on the market value even for a two-period time lag. The findings suggest that the economic effect of CSR activity on the firm market value tends to take some degree of lagged effects to be fully showcased in the market capitalization of tour operators and travel companies listed on Chinese stock markets. The findings suggest that, though CSR activity may carry some financial risk for an immediate short-term, tour operators must put a lot of time and effort into making CSR actions effective.

인터넷과 스마트폰의 혁신적인 발전은 관광산업에도 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 국내외 관광객 대부분이 스마트폰을 휴대하고 있으며, 스마트폰을 이용하여 관광 정보 및 길 안내 정보를 제공 받아 관광에 활용하고 있다. 또한, 증강현실 기술의 발전은 관광안내책자 등의 인쇄물과 유적지 앞의 안내판을 대신하는 등 관광 안내에 있어서도 증강현실 기반의 스마트 관광으로의 변화를 유도하고 있다. 이러한 추세를 따라 각 유적지와 관광지에서는 단순한 정보 제공을 넘어선 다양한 기능을 통해 사람들의 흥미를 유발하고 관광지로써의 매력을 부각할 수 있도록 다양한 증강현실 기반의 앱들을 활용한 지역관광 활성화 방안을 실시하고 있다. 그러나 현재 여러 지자체에서 시도하고 있는 다양한 형태의 증강현실 기반의 스마트 관광 플랫폼 구축에 있어서 아직까지 사용자 경험에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 또한 한국이 첨단 ICT 개발영역에 있어서 2위를 차지하고 있는 강국임에도 불구하고 이러한 기술을 관광 산업에 제대로 활용한 사례는 드물다. 이에 본 연구에서는 증강현실 기반 관광 앱의 사용자 경험 사례 연구를 통하여 스마트 관광의 방향을 제시해 보고자 한다. 사용자경험 관점에서 본 증강현실 스마트관광 앱의 사용성 평가를 위하여 서울시 중구의 증강현실 기반 ‘중구관광 AR엽서북’과 ‘스토리 안내판’ 과 서초구의 ‘서리PULAY: 독립의 시간’에 관한 설문 조사를 진행하여 사용자 경험 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 한국의 첨단 ICT기술을 적극 활용한 스마트관광 생태계 구축은 관광선진국이 되는 첫걸음이 될 것이다.

목적: 한국여자프로골프선수들의 LPGA 투어 환경에 대한 사례의 스트레스와 대처방법에 대하여 알아보고자 실시하였다. 방법: LPGA투어 선수 6명을 참여자로 선정하여 1:1 형식으로 반구조화된 질문 내용을 통하여 심층면 담과 참여관찰을 진행하였다. 면담을 통해 도출한 자료는 전문가 집단과 함께 귀납적 절차를 사용하여 범주하여 결과를 도출 하였다. 결과: 투어환경에 나타난 스트레스 요인과 대처방법은 크게 여섯 가지 항목의 일반영역으로 범주하였다. 첫째, 사회적 요인은 투어 중 부모와의 생활에 의해 발생하는 부모와의 갈등, 사생활 노출이 불안 시 되는 매니저와의 생활, 인종차별적인 미디어와의 갈등이 있었다. 둘째, 언어적 요인은 의사전달의 문제가 있었다. 셋째, 개인정서 요인은 타국생활에서 느껴지는 외로움의 문제와 연애고충이 있었다. 넷째, 경기환경 요인은 외국과 한국의 차이에서 발생하는 의류 스폰서와 소통, 매번 다른 코스 특색, 세계적인 선수들과의 경쟁, 경기 참여시 필요한 장비나 용품들의 운송에 따른 수화물이 있었다. 다섯째, 신체적 요인은 시차적응, 장시간 비행, 외국음식, 항공편으로 이동시 항공기의 결항이나 지연, 연착 등과 같은 항공편 이용이 있었다. 여섯째, 경제적 요인은 여러 국가나 미국의 경우 각 주에 따른 세법의 차이 등에서 발생되는 재정관리가 나타났다. 결론: 투어 환경에 대한 어려움의 6가지 요인으로 선수 개개인 마다 극복하기 위한 방법을 강구하고 있었으며 최상의 경기를 위해서는 이러한 스트레스를 극복할 수 있는 준비가 되어 있어야한다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.