We have studied the efficient operation of the radar and the appropriateness of the installation location, when constructing the VTS system. As the Civil-Military Complex Harbour (Kangjeong Port) is completed in 2016, we set the control area within 10 nautical miles centering on Kangjeong Port, and found out and removed the operational radar blind area of VTS system to provide safe navigation information for vessels that navigating this area. Assuming that two international cruise ships entering at the same time, we performed the radar simulation and compared the images by considering the three sites of Kangjeong Port, Miaksan and Seoguipo Port. Simulation results for a single radar installed at Kangjung Port indicate that the blind area was largely affected by two large cruise ships and the surrounding islands. The blind area due to Kogunsan was considerably large when installed in Miaksan, but the blind area due to the influences of Beomseom, Moonseom and Seopseom was negligibly large. It seems that additional radar installation is necessary as a complementary solution to solve this blind area. When two radars were installed at Miaksan and Kangjeong Port, the residual blind area due to the Seopseom was 0.25 km2 at 0.1~0.33 nautical miles in the southeast direction from Seopseom. In addition, the remaining blind area with two cruise ships mutually influenced was 0.18 km2, which did not occur with a single cruise ship.

According to the statistics of the last five years, fishing vessel accidents accounted for about 80% of collisions of all ships and has led to many casualties. To prevent collision accidents, it is important to assess the collision risk potential related to the sailing characteristics of fishing vessels. The authors represented the traffic patterns of vessels that sail around Wando waters based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Radio Detecting and Ranging (RADAR) data. The authors analyzed the statistical near miss data between fishing vessels and non-fishing vessels in the Wando Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) area and assessed the risk of ship collisions. From this research, the authors identified waters with a high risk of ship collisions. The analyzed results can be used as basic data to develop collision prevention strategies which aides the decision making and efficient operation of VTS officers (VTSO.)

This paper describes the application method of bumper area defined in the ship domain theory and it is to identify risky sectors in VTS(Vessel Traffic Services) area. The final goal of this work is to develop early warning system providing the location information with high traffic risks in Mokpo VTS area and to prevent the human errors of VTS Officer(VTSO). The current goal of this paper is to find evaluation and detection method of risky sectors. The ratio between overlapped bumper area of each vessels and the summing area of a designated sector, Ratio to Evaluate Risk(RER) r is used as one of evaluation and detection parameter. The usability of overlapped bumper area is testified through three kinds of scenarios for various traffic situations. The marine traffic data used in the experiments is collected by AIS(Automatic Identification System) receiver and then compiled in the SQL(Structured Query Language) Server. Through the analysis of passing vessel‘s tracks within the boundary of Mokpo VTS area, the total of 11 sectors are identified as evaluation unit sector. As experiment results from risk evaluation for the 11 sectors, it is clearly known that the proposed method with RER r can provide the location information of high risky sectors which are need to keep traffic tracks of vessel movements and to maintain traffic monitoring by VTSO.

In world trade, the vessel traffic in major routes has been congested due to the rapid increase of cargoes and shipping tonnages. The patterns of vessel traffic have also been complicated and diversified. Therefore it was necessary that the Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) should be established in order to enhance the safety of navigation, to prevent the loss of life and damage to the environment. The first advanced radar surveillance system(LevelIII-VTS) was introduced in Pohang, Korea in 1993 and in 13 other ports later. While the hardware of Korea VTS is equal to that of an advanced country, the software, specially the operation manual, the recruitment and education of VTS operator, and the VTS service area is behind that of Russia, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore and others. After researching and investigating. the VTS equipment and service area of many countries, and analyzing the IMO regulations relevant to VTS and the traffic pattern and accident of Pohang port, the most efficient VTS service area should be established in Pohang. According to the analysis of the preceding studies and research on VTS, the worldwide VTS areas are recognized under the following conditions: First, the service area should be extended over at least radar coverage taking into account of traffic flow, traffic density, the degree of danger to navigation and harbour condition in order to provide all possible services. Second, the established service area should be subdivided and systematized to render reliable VTS services, such as the allocation of VHF frequency and reporting procedure in each area. In conclusion, the VTS service area of Pohang must be established and operated over 10 miles from shore(radar site) covering the radar coverage, so as to include the area of traffic congestion and high density traffic flow.

e-Navigation은 선박의 안전과 보안 및 해양환경 보호를 목적으로 선박의 출항에서 입항까지 전 과정에 있어 선박과 육상 간 필요 정보를 수집, 통합, 교환, 표현 및 분석하는 체계를 구축하는 정책이다. 북유럽에서는 이 정책의 수행과제들 중 하나로 선박 대 선박 그리고 선 박 대 육상 사이에 선박 경로정보를 교환하는 방식을 고안하였다. 현재는 주변 선박 간 경로정보를 교환하여 항행정보로 활용하는 방안부터 항 해계획상의 전 경로에 대해 육상과 선박 간 다양한 정보를 공유하는 방안까지 다양한 연구를 진행 중이며, 향후 경로교환시스템이 선박통합항 행시스템의 주요 기능으로 구현될 때에는 현재의 해상교통관제 방식에도 커다란 변화를 가져올 것으로 예상된다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 북유럽 에서 시작한 경로교환 선행연구를 소개하고 실제 선박충돌사고 사례에 가상 적용하여 그 실효성을 확인하였다. 더불어 관제해역 내 적용 시 문 제점을 분석하고 개선방안으로 선박 주도가 아닌 VTS 중심의 경로교환 방안을 도출하였으며, 관련 관제장비의 기능 개선안과 연안 해상교통 관제에 해상교통조정 기능의 필요성과 방향성을 검토하여 우리나라 연안에 적합한 경로공유 방안을 제시하였다.

In port and its approach channel, traffic accidents such as collision, aground, minor collision have reached about 77% of total marine casualty in the area. In this paper, an attempt to enhance the safe navigation was proposed by offering marine traffic supporting system which helps VTS operator assist vessel effectively with the quantitative assessment on difficulty of each vessel. The system collects navigation data from onboard AIS, assesses the data in assessment mode to analyze the navigation difficulties of each vessel and displays the degree of danger of each vessel on the ECDIS in real-time to decide the intervention time or order of priority for VTS operator. The effectiveness of the system was verified by the VTS operators in Korea.

VTS의 관제 범위에서 발생한 교통관련사고 분석은 VTS의 개선방향 검토에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공할 것으로 기대되나 현재까지의 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 분석은 최근 6년(1999-2004년)간의 해양안전심판재결서와 VTS 센터별 자료 및 Port-Mis자료를 이용하여 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 1) 교통관련사고의 통제 및 VTS의 개선 방향을 검토할 필요성을 확인하였다. 2) 교통관련사고의 경우 관제여부에 따라 사고원인과 시정상태, 충돌사고의 상대선 인지거리 및 인지지체원인에 차이가 발생함을 통계적으로 확인하였다. 3) VTS의 지원은 충분한 시간 전에 적극적이고 지속적으로 이루어져야 하며 04-08시 시간대에 강화되어야 함을 확인하였다. 4) 사고예측모형을 통해 관제선박의 교통관련사고는 일평균 교통량에 큰 영향을 받고 있으므로 VTS 운영자가 사고의 위험성이 높은 선박을 우선적으로 식별하여 관련 정보를 신속하고 적극적으로 제공할 수 있도록 지원하는 시스템을 구축하여야 한다.