The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, is the most serious storage pests worldwide of grocery shops, flour mills, and warehouses. The phototactic response of the rice weevil, S. oryzae, to light emitting diodes (LEDs) at five different wavelengths and various light intensities was tested within an LED-equipped Y-maze chamber, and compared with its response to a luring lamp, which is used in commercial traps. Various wavelengths in this study were UV (365 nm), blue (450 nm), green (520 nm), red (660 nm), and infrared (IR) (730 nm). Based on attraction rate (%), blue (84.3%) was the most attractive to S. oryzae, followed by green (74.3%), red (64.3%), UV (63.3%), and IR (48.7%). Moreover, blue and green wavelengths were 1.5 and 1.3 times more attractive than luring lamp (56.7%), whereas the UV wavelength was slightly less attractive to the weevils than luring lamp. These results suggested that blue and green wavelengths could be more useful than those currently used for monitoring and mass trapping of S. oryzae.

New organic light-emitting diodes with structure of indium-tin-oxide[ITO]/N,N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolvlamino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine[DNTPD]/1,1-bis-(di-4-poly-aminophenyl) cyclohexane[TAPC]/bis(10-hydroxy-benzo(h)quinolinato)beryllium[Bebq2]/Bebq2:iridium(III)bis(2-phenylquinoline-N,C2')acetylacetonate[(pq)2Ir(acac)]/ET-137[electron transport material from SFC Co]/LiF/Al using the selective doping of 5%-(pq)2Ir(acac) in a single Bebq2 host in the two wavelength (green, orange) emitter formation were proposed and characterized. In the experiments, with a 300Å-thick undoped emitter of Bebq2, two kinds of devices with the doped emitter thicknesses of 20Å and 40Å in the Bebq2:(pq)2Ir(acac) were fabricated. The device with a 20Å-thick doped emitter is referred to as "D-1" and the device with a 4Å-thick doped emitter is referred to as "D-2". Under an applied voltage of 9V, the luminance of D-1 and D-2 were 7780 cd/m2 and 6620 cd/m2, respectively. The electroluminescent spectrum of each fabricated device showed peak emissions at the same two wavelengths: 508 nm and 596 nm. However, the relative intensity of 596 nm to 508 nm at those wavelengths was higher in the D-2 than in the D-1. The D-1 and D-2 devices showed maximum current efficiencies of 5.2 cd/A and 6.0 cd/A, and color coordinates of (0.31, 0.50) and (0.37, 0.48) on the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage[CIE] chart, respectively.

In a split beam echo sounder, the transducer design needs to have minimal side lobes because the angular position and level of the side lobes establishes the usable signal level and phase angle limits for determining target strength. In order to suppress effectively the generation of unwanted side lobes in the directivity pattern of split beam transducer, the spacing and size of the transducer elements need to be controlled less than half of a wavelength. With this purpose, a 50 kHz tonpilz type transducer with a half-wavelength diameter in relation to the development of a split beam transducer was designed using the equivalent circuit model, and the underwater performance characteristics were measured and analyzed. From the in-air and in-water impedance responses, the measured value of the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency for the designed transducer was 51.6%. A maximum transmitting voltage response (TVR) value of 172.25dB re 1μPa/V at 1m was achieved at 52.92kHz with a specially designed matching network and the quality factor was 10.3 with the transmitting bandwidth of 5.14kHz. A maximum receiving sensitivity (SRT) of -183.57dB re 1V/μPa was measured at 51.45kHz and the receiving bandwidth at -3dB was 1.71kHz. These results suggest that the designed tonpilz type transducer can be effectively used in the development of a split beam transducer for a 50kHz fish sizing echo sounder.

Green-emitting Ba1.468Sr0.5SiO4 : Eu0.012, Y0.02 phosphor powders under long-wavelength ultraviolet light were prepared via high-temperature flame spray pyrolysis from spray solutions with and without NH4Cl flux. The effects of the temperature of the diffusion flame and the NH4Cl flux on the morphologies, crystal structures and photoluminescence intensities of the Ba1.468Sr0.5SiO4 : Eu0.012, Y0.02 phosphor powders were investigated. The phosphor powders obtained from the spray solution with the NH4Cl flux had higher photoluminescence intensities compared to phosphor powders obtained from the spray solution without the flux. The photoluminescence intensity of the phosphor powders obtained from the spray solution without the flux decreased as the flow rate of the fuel gas increased. On the other hand, the photoluminescence intensity of the phosphor powders obtained from the spray solution with the flux increased as the flow rate of the fuel gas increased. The difference of in the phase purity and morphology of the powders affected the photoluminescence intensities of the phosphor powders.

The nitric oxide(NO) is a major factor contri buting to t he loss of neurons in ischemic st roke. demyelina t ing diseases, and other neurodegenerative di sorders . But it is known that NO is not function ing as a direct neurotoxin. NO combined with superoxide(02-) by the diffusion-contl'O ll ed reaction, formed a peroxin it ri te anion (ONOO-)‘ which this s pecies has been shown to contribute to oxidative s igna ling and damage. ONOO stimuJates apoptosis in many cell types. whether ONOO acts direct ly as an ox idant 0 1' the induction of apoptosis is because of the radicals derived from ONOO- decompositi on . But. the mecha ni sm by which ONOO- induces apoptosis is un clear although subsequent forrnation 0 1' reactive oxygen s pecies(ROS) has been suggested in a few reports The aim of this study is to investigate the a nti -apoptotic pathway by inhibi tion 0 1' ONOO synthesis t hrough scavenging of ROS us ing s pecific wavelength 0 1' light irradiation . The present study investi gated the a nti -apop totic effect of the specific wavelength 0 1' irradi ation in Sodium Nitroprusside(SNP) t reated SJ-I-SY5Y ceJls, by MTT, DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometric assay and th rough western blot and caspase-3, -9 activity assay for confirmation of caspase pathway. Also. NO reJease and ROS leveJ was measured in order to observe the changes of NO involved in radical by Griess reaction analysis and DCF'-DH. Results showed that the cell viability were r educed by about 50% of control group by SNP treatment, but re covered to about 80% by 590nm irradiation . The apoptotic cells were observed by flow cytomet ry and DNA fra g mentation assay in SNP-treated group‘ but 590nm irradiation led apoptotic feature to be reduced . Released NO a nd ROS level were increased after SNP treatment but ROS level was dec reased in 590nm irradi at ion - treated group, in spite of high NO concentration fo llowing SNP treatment Also. SNP t reatment led cytochrom C release but 590nm irraidiation inhibit it, hence the expression 0 1' caspase-3 and -9 was dec reased sign ificantly‘ These results showed that 590nm irradiation protect neuronal death thl'Ough bl ocking of NO-induced mi tochondri al apoptotic pathway. Also, it suggests that specific wavelength of irradi ation was used for prevent ion from neurodegenerative disordcr progression

We have made a multi-wavelength study of the X-ray bright giant shell complex 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This is the one of the largest H II complexes in the Local Group. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Parkes 64-m single dish observations reveal that the distribution and internal motions of H I gas show the effects of fast stellar winds and supernova blasts. The hot emitting gas within the 30 Doradus complex and the entire giant H II complex are encompassed by an expanding H I shell. We investigate the dynamical age of this H I shell and compare to the age of starbursts occurred in the 30 Doradus nebula using the radiative transfer model and the infrared properties.

파장분산 분광분석기(Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy, WDS)는 다른 분석 방법에 비해 분해능이 좋고 측정 시간이 적게 걸리며, 또한 비용면에서 경제적이고 정량값이 실제값과 다르게 측정될 수 있다. 즉, 다성분계 박막에 있엇 X-선 발생 깊이가 작은 원소의 경우 X-선 발생 깊이가 큰 원소에 비해 조성값이 과장되어 측정된다. PZT박막의 경우에도 WDS로 측정한 조성은 박막의 두께에 따른 정확한 보정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 WDS를 이용하여 PZT박막의 조성을 측정할 때, 얇은 박막의 경우에도 조성을 정확하게 알아낼 수 있도록 박막의 두께에 따른 조성의 보정법을 제시하였다. 또한, 박막의 두께를 직접 측정하는 과정없이 WDS분석 결과로 얻는 각 원소들의 [ZAF]k 의 합으로부터 박막의 두께를 이론적으로 구하였으며, 이를 실험값과 비교하였다.

The long quasi-periodic (several tens of seconds) pulsations were observed at. short decimetric wavelength (1.42 and 2.00 GHz). Here, we introduce the features (about bandwidth, periodicity, amplitude and relative amplitude) of these pulsations, then give the discussion about them.

In contrast to conventional belief that extended inflation ends when the Universe percolates, we find inflation may continue at least many Hubble times even after the Universe percolates. What is observed is that inflation will not stop unless the global equation of state changes from inflationary one into radiation one. Thus the energy density of shorter wavelength gravitational waves induced by bubble collision at near the end of inflation should be at least Order (102)~O(103) times greater than previous estimation of Turner and Wilcek(TW).

We investigated two flares in the solar atmosphere that occurred on June 3, 2012 and July 6, 2012 and caused propagation of Moreton and EIT waves. In the June 3 event, we noticed a filament winking which presumably was caused by the wave propagation from the flare. An interesting feature of this event is that there was a reflection of this wave by a coronal hole located alongside the wave propagation, but not all of this wave was transmitted by the coronal hole. Using the running difference method, we calculated the speed of Moreton and EIT waves and we found values of 926 km/s before the reflection and 276 km/s after the reflection (Moreton wave) and 1,127 km/s before the reflection and 46 km/s after the reflection (EIT wave). In the July 6 event, this phenomenon was accompanied by type II and type III solar radio bursts, and we also performed a running difference analysis to find the speed of the Moreton wave, obtaining a value of 988 km/s. The speed derived from the analysis of the solar radio burst was 1,200 km/s, and we assume that this difference was caused by the different nature of the motions in these phenomena, where the solar radio burst was caused by the propagating particles, not waves.

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are too compact to be resolved by any existing optical telescope facility, making it difficult to understand their structure and the emission processes responsible for their huge energy output. However, variability, one of their characteristic properties, provides a tool to probe the inner regions of AGN. Blazars are the best candidates for such a study, and hence a considerable amount of effort is being made to investigate variability in these sources across the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, using the Mt. Abu infrared observatory (MIRO) blazar monitoring program, we present intra-night, inter-night, and long term aspects of the variability in S5 0716+71, 3C66A, and OJ 287. These stars show significant variability on short (a few tens of mins, to a few hours, to a few days) to long term (months to years) timescales. Based on the light travel time argument, the shortest variability timescales (micro-variability) provide upper limits to the size of the emission region. While S5 0716 shows a very high duty cycle of variability (> 80 %), 3C66A shows a much lower intra day variability (IDV) duty cycle (< 20 %). All three show rapid variations within 2.5 to 3.5 hr, which, perhaps, are generated near the vicinity of black holes. Assuming this, estimates of the masses of the black holes are made at ~109, 8×108, and 2.7×109 M⨀ for S5 0716+71, 3C66A, and OJ 287, respectively. Multi-wavelength light-curves for the blazar PKS 1510-089 are discussed to infer the emission processes responsible for the recent flaring episodes in this source.

LED 광원을 달리하여 재배한 감초지상부의 항산화, 항돌연 변이원성을 평가하였다. BL-0에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성에 서 EC50이 3.02 ± 0.13 ㎍/㎖와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 EC50 이 2.18 ± 0.18 ㎍/㎖와 환원력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 폴리페놀 함량은 2.93 ± 0.11 g/100 g으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, RL-0 에서는 항산화 활성이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 항돌연변이원성 평 가에서 직접변이원인 1-NP에 대해 모든 실험군에서 돌연변이 억제효과를 나타냈으며, 간접변이원인인 Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, AFB1에 대해서는 BL-0에서 가장 높은 돌연변이 억제효과를 나 타냈고, 2-AA에서는 RL-1에서 돌연변이 억제가 높게 나타났 다. 청색광 LED (650 ㎚)와 적색광 LED (450 ㎚)를 이용하여 재 배한 감초지상부의 성분변화를 관찰하기 위해 GC/MS를 이용 해 분석한 결과 25분에서 RL-1에서만 cytidine이 검출되었고, 37분에서 BL-0에서만 2-bromotrimethylene glycol이 특정적 으로 검출되었다. 이는 LED광원 조건에 따라 감초 경엽의 성분 이 차이가 있음을 보여준다. 이 성분들이 생리활성에 어떤 영향 을 주는지는 더 검토해야할 부분이다.