[ WO3 ]powders were ball-milled with an alumina ball for 0-72 hours. In2O3 doped WO3 was prepared by soaking ball-milled WO3 in an InCl3 solution. The mixed powder was annealed at 700˚C for 30 min in an air atmosphere. A paste for screen-printing the thick film was prepared by mixing the WO3:In2O3 powders with α-terpinol and glycerol. In2O3 doped WO3 thick films were fabricated into a gas sensor by a screen-printing method on alumina substrates. The structural properties of the WO3:InO3 thick films were a monoclinic phase with a (002) dominant orientation. The particle size of the WO3:InO3 decreased with the ball-milling time. The sensing characteristics of the In2O3 doped WO3 were investigated by measuring the electrical resistance of each sensor in the test-box. The highest sensitivity to 5 ppm CH4 gas and 5 ppm CH3CH2CH3 gas was observed in the ball-milled WO3:InO3 gas sensors at 48 hours. The response time of WO3:In2O3 gas sensors was 7 seconds and recovery time was 9 seconds for the methane gas.

WO3-doped SnO2 thin films were prepared in a solution-deposition method and their gas-sensing characteristics were investigated. The doping of WO3 to SnO2 increased the response (Ra/Rg, Ra: resistance in air, Rg: resistance in gas) to H2 substantially. Moreover, the Ra/Rg value of 10 ppm CO increased to 5.65, whereas that of NO2 did not change by a significant amount. The enhanced response to H2 and the selective detection of CO in the presence of NO2 were explained in relation to the change in the surface reaction by the addition of WO3. The WO3-doped SnO2 sensor can be used with the application of a H2 sensor for vehicles that utilize fuel cells and as an air quality sensor to detect CO-containing exhaust gases emitted from gasoline engines.

The effect of Cu content on hydrogen reduction behavior of ball-milled -CuO nanocomposite powders was investigated. Hydrogen reduction behavior and reduction percent() of nanopowders were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and hygrometry measurements. Activation energy for hydrogen reduction of nanopowders with different Cu content was calculated at each heating rate and reduction percent(). The activation energy for reduction of obtained in this study existed in the ranging from 129 to 139 kJ/mol, which was in accordance with the activation energy for powder reduction of conventional micron-sized

A chemical vapor condensation (CVC) process using the pyrolysis of metal-organic precursors was applied to produce the nanosized powders. Morphology and phase changes of the synthesized powder as a function of CVC parameters were investigated by XRD, BET and TEM. The agglomerated nanosized monoclinic powders with nearly spherical shape and 10-38 nm in mean diameter could be obtained. Conditions to produce the nanopowders are presented in this paper

Spherical fine powders of tungsten oxide powders were prepared by the emulsion evaporation method. The characteristics of the powders prepared were examined by means of TGA, X-ray diffraction, SEM and image analysis. The emulsions were prepared by fast mixing of aqueous phase containing tugsten and the organic phase which composed of kerosene, surfactant, and paraffin oil. Precursors were made by evaporating the emulsionin the kerosene bath at , and then calcined at in order to produce tungsten oxide powders. The average particle size of the tungsten oxide powders was and their shapes were spherical at the both case of w/o and o/w type emulsions. As the HLB value of the surfactant increased and the concentration of tungsten ions decreased the mean particle siqe of tungsten oxide powders decreased whereas agglomerationsize increased. The optimum concentration of Span 80 was 8 percent by volume, and the optimum stirring speed in the emulsion formation was 5000 rpm in order to obtain fine and well dispersed powders.

WO3에 NiO를 첨가하여 제조한 후막형 시편의 미세구조와 전기적 성질에 대해 연구하였다. NiO 첨가에 따른 WO3의 결정립 성장이 억제되었고, 입도 분포도 균일하였으나 첨가량에 따른 결정립 크기 변화정도는 작았다. 산소 분압 감소로 WO3의 전도성은 증가하였고, NiO 첨가에 의해 고용한계 이하에서는 전도성이 증가하였고, 이상에서는 전도성이 감소하였다. 온도 증가에 따라 외인성 (extrinsic) 구간에서는 전도성 변화가 적었고, 고온의 진성 (intrinsic) 구간에서는 전도도가 급격히 증가하였으며, 이들의 중간 온도에서는 산소흡착에 따라 전도도가 감소하였다.

3000Å~6000Å의 두께로 진공 증착한 WO3 박막의 광특성 및 일렉트로크로미즘에 대하여 연구하였다. 증착된 WO3 박막은 모두 무색 투명 하였으며 X-선회절 분석결과 비정질 상태로 밝혀졌으며, 비정질 WO3 박막의 굴절율은 가시광선 영격에서 1.9-2.1로, 광에너지 gap은 3.25eV로 나타났다. ITO투명전극/WO3박막/LiCIO4 ~propylene carbonate/백금 대향전극 구조를 갖는 일렉트로크로믹소자를 구성하여 일렉트로크로믹 특성을 조사하였다. WO3 박막의 coloration/과 bleaching현상은 LiCIO4~propylene carbonate유기전해질과 ITO투명전극으로 부터 Li+이온과 전자의 이중주입에 의하여 청색으로 나타났으며, 가역적으로 전기 화학적인 산화반응에 의하여 bleaching현상이 일어났다. Coloration과 bleaching현상, 광학밀도, 구동전압 및 응답속도 등의 일렉트로크로믹 특성은 WO3 박막의 증착조건, 전해액 농도, 투명전극의 sheet resistance 인가전압에 크게 의존하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

질소산화물 등의 배출규제 강화로 인한 사용처의 확대로 SCR(선택적 촉매 환원) 촉매 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 폐촉매 발생량도 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 폐촉매는 지정폐기물로 분류되어 처리시에 비용이 발생하여, 물리적으로 재생하여 재사용 하거나 유가금속을 회수하는 방법으로 재활용하고 있다. 그러나 재생의 횟수가 제한적이고, 유가금속 회수는 비용이 고가이며 촉매의 85~90%를 차지하는 TiO2가 폐기된다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 SCR 촉매를 경제적이며 지속적으로 사용하기 위해 피독된 SCR 촉매 내 피독물질만 화학적으로 수세 및 정제하고 유가금속/TiO2의 함량을 높이는 최적의 세정 용매를 도출하는 촉매 재활성을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 비교대상 촉매인 Poisoned 촉매를 5가지 세정용매로 화학적 처리결과, acetic acid 용매가 V2O5 1.19 wt%의 높은 함량과 57.6%의 높은 피독물질 제거효율을 나타내며 다른 산 처리 용매에 비해 촉매 재생성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 세정 용매의 농도와 세정 시간에 따른 V2O5 함량과 피독물질 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 각각 변수를 두어 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 0.1 N acetic acid로 처리한 촉매가 가장 높은 NOX전환율을 나타냈으며, 유가금속/TiO2 함량 또한 높게 나타나 본 연구 목표에 가장 적합한 세정용매로 판단되었다.

This study aimed at improving the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of HA. ·In this study, the Degradation of Humic Acid using Jeju Scoria Coated with WO3/TiO2 in the presence of UV irradiation was investigated as a function of different experimental condition : photocatalyst dosage, Ca2+ and HCO3- addition and pH of the solution. Photodegradation efficiency increased with increasing photocatalyst dosage, the optimum catalyst dosage is 2.5 g/L and Photodegradation efficiency is maximized to WO3/TiO2=3/7. This indicates that WO3 retains a much higher Lewis surface acidity than TiO2, and WO3 has a higher affinity for chemical species having unpaired electrons. The addtion of cation(Ca2+) in water increased the photodegradaion efficiency. But the addtion of HCO3- ion in water decreased a photodegradation efficiency. Photodegradation efficiency increased with decreasing pH. At pH < pzc, the electrostatic repulsion between the HA and the surface of TiO2 decreased.