미중 전략경쟁과 코로나19 여파로 세계 경제질서가 급변하며, 미국은 국 가안보 차원에서 '경제안보 정책'을 추진하고, 전통적 군사동맹 체제를 경제‧ 기술 동맹으로 재편하고 있다. 미국은 중국이 현 글로벌 가치사슬(GVC)구조 하에서 자원 및 핵심 기술을 토대로 상호 의존성을 무기화하고 있다고 판단하고, 이를 국가안보의 차원에서 논의하기 시작하였다. 트럼프 정부와 이를 이은 바이든 정부는 중국의 부상을 봉쇄하고, 경제안보 정책을 강화하기 위해 동 맹국과 관계를 재정립하고 있다. 한편, 트럼프 정부가 ‘힘을 통한 평화’와 ‘원칙에 기반한 현실주의’의 기조하에 무역전쟁을 통한 중국 때리기에 앞장 섰다면, 바이든 정부는 자유민주주의 가치를 공유하는 신뢰 가능한 동맹·파 트너 국가들과 새로운 공급망을 구축해 나간다는 점에서 분명한 차이를 보 인다. 본 연구는 경제안보 시대 트럼프 행정부와 바이든 행정부의 경제‧기술 동맹전략 및 특징들을 살펴보고 이를 비교해 보고자 한다. 또한, 미국과 자 유민주주의 가치를 공유하고 있는 국가이면서, 첨단 과학기술과 제조 능력을 보유하고 있는 한국에게 4차 산업기술을 중심으로 한 미국의 경제‧기술 동맹 재조정은 어떤 함의가 있는지 살펴보고자 한다.

The Fisher House, the first Korean Legation in the USA was located at 1513 O Street in Washington, D.C. This house was a three-story brick building with a height of 12.2m(8.84m up to the eaves) and a mansard roof. Facing the street, it is 7.32m (24 feet) wide and 23.6m(77.4 feet) depth. There is a long hallway after the entrance and a parlor with a grand fireplace next to it. This long hallway leads to a central hallway with another fireplace and a central staircase connecting the 2nd and 3rd floors. After the stairs a dining room is with a fireplace in the middle, which then leads to a pantry for dishes and the kitchen. It can also be argued that The Fisher House was the first Western-style residence for Koreans who were officially dispatched from the government. On the other hand, when living in The Fisher House, Park Jung-yang, who was sent on the three premises of the Yeonjak, directly experienced how the United States sought independence from the U.K. through the Declaration of Independence, Mount Vernon, the Washington monument, the Arlington National Cemetery, and battlefields. Even though he was summoned back to Korea by China in less than a year, Park Jung-yang actively supported the independence movement when he became acting prime minister in 1896. In this regard, The Fisher House arguably is the birthplace of Korea’s independence movement.

The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2270 against North Korea’s fourth nuclear test on January 6, 2016, and its subsequent rocket launch. This resolution contains tougher sanction measures than any others adopted in the past, but is not expected to effectively stop North Korea’s nuclear weapons program. This essay analyzes the critical loophole of the rule of law in global society regarding nuclear proliferation systems as well as regional governance. It further suggests legal and policy options to resolve this nuclear dilemma. The parties concerned are asked to alter the status quo of hostile co-existence and instead revert to the spirit of the Geneva Agreed Framework.

The Korean Legation in Washington, D.C., is a proof that Emperor Kojong of Chosun Dynasty tried to establish relationship with the U.S. in 1891, that was before the declaration to establish Korean Empire. In that sense, the building is a historic place. The legation building is a symbolic place attesting to the turbulent history at the time of 1890 to 1910, when Korea had to suffer the forced treaty with Japan in 1905 and the annexation into Japan, and then to the 20th century up to the present time, 2014. The legation building can be turned into a space to host well-planned exhibits to show Korea's history and culture to local residents, foreign visitors to Washington, D.C., and overseas Koreans. The followings are the basic principles for the future use of the legation in line with the basic direction. The building's use should not be limited to museum, but should be flexible to accommodate various different practical usage. It is necessary to make the Korean Legation building that can incorporate the characters and the history through modern interpretation of the historicity of the place, the Korean culture, and historical events. The future usage of the Korean Legation building should enhance the value as a cultural heritage by linking the interpretation of the historical events and real life shown through exhibits, performance and people.

This study investigated purplish Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus on its gonadal development, reproductive cycle and shell length (age) at 50% female group maturity from January to December 2011 in Jinhae Bay, Korea. This species is dioecious. The gonad index (GI) began to increase in January, reached the maximum value in May and to decrease in June, reached the minimum value in September then to increase slowly in October again. The reproductive cycle of the clams can be divided into five successive stages: the early active stage (Ea, from February to March), the late active stage (La, from January to March and October to December), the ripe stage (R, from January to May), the spawning stage (S, from June to December) and the degenerative and inactive stage (Ia, from January to February and November to December). The spawning periods were from June to December and the main spawning periods were from July to October. The shell length at 50% female group maturity (SL50) was estimated to be 63.6 mm, which can be converted as sexual maturity age of 2.2 year.

We present a photometric study of the globular clusters (GCs) in the Virgo giant elliptical galaxy M86 based on Washington CT1 images. The colors of the GCs in M86 show a bimodal distribution with a blue peak at (C − T1) = 1.30 and a red peak at (C − T1) = 1.72. The spatial distribution of the red GCs is elongated similar to that of the stellar halo, while that of the blue GCs is roughly circular. The radial number density profile of the blue GCs is more extended than that of the red GCs. The radial number density profile of the red GCs is consistent with the surface brightness profile of the M86 stellar halo. The GC system has a negative radial color gradient, which is mainly due to the number ratio of the blue GCs to the red GCs increasing as galactocentric radius increases. The bright blue GCs in the outer region of M86 show a blue tilt: the brighter they are, the redder their mean colors get. These results are discussed in comparison with other Virgo giant elliptical galaxies.

We have estimated a metal abundance of [Fe/H]= -0.48 ± 0.14 dex, a reddening of E(B- V)= 0.30 mag, an age of 2.0 ± 0.4 Gyr, and a distance of 7.9 ± 0.8 kpc for Tombaugh 2 using the Washington filter system.

We have estimated a metal abundance of [Fe/H]= -0.04 ± 0.05 dex, a reddening of E(B- V)= 0.28 mag, an age of 1.1 ± 0.1 Gyr, and a distance of 2.5 ± 0.2 kpc for NGC 1245 using the Washington filter system.

We present a study of the metallicity of the old open cluster NGC 1245 , based on the Washington CCD photometry obtained using the 0.6 m telescope at the Sobaeksan Observatory, Korea. NGC 1245 has been known to be a unique cluster among the known open clusters in the sense that the previous metallicity estimates for this cluster are much larger (by 3σ) than the value expected from the radial metallicity gradient of the old open clusters in Our galaxy. We have estimated the metallicity of the cluster red giants using the four color-color diagrams, obtaining a value for the mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.04±0.05 dex. The total error including the error of the metallicity calibration, 0.15 dex, is 0.16 dex. The metallicity estimate of NGC 1245 we have obtained in this study is smaller than previous estimates, and is consistent with the radial metallicity gradient of the old open clusters, showing that the mean metallicity of NGC 1245 is not abnormally high. The reddening, distance, and age of the cluster have also been derived using the isochrones based on the convective overshooting models: the reddening E(B-V) = 0.28±0.03; the distance d = 2.5±0.2 kpc (the corresponding galactocentric distance is RGC = 10.7 kpc, and the distance from the galactic plane is z = -0.4 kpc); and the age t = 1.1±0.1 Gyrs.

서울대 천문학과(SNU)의 Washington 측광계를 사용하여 관측한 자료와 ADC (Astronomical Data Center)의 자료를 분석함으로써 SNU Washington 측광계를 표준화 시켰다. SNU Washington 측광계중에서 C필터에 나타나는 적색광 누출은 V필터와의 결합을 통해 보정했으며, 그 최대값은 K0형에서 약 0m.14 0m.14 까지 이른다. ADC의 자료분석 결과 G. K형 별들에 대해 중원소 측광지수와 중원소함량과 서로 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었고. 주계열성의 경우 온도 측광지수와 온도와는 좋은 관계를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 (M−T2 M−T2 )과 (M−T1 M−T1 ) 평면상에서는 중원소함량과 광도계급에 무관한 좋은 온도관계를 나타냄을 알았다. 그리고 이 측광계의 장점으로 나타난 CN지수와 CN 특이성과는 특별한 관계를 찾기가 어려웠고, 이 측광계만으로는 상도계급의 구분을 다른 측광계 만큼 분명하게 결정짓기가 어려웠다. 그러나 표면중력과이 측광계의 색지수와의 관계를 본 결과 초거성, 거성, 주계열성을 비교적 잘 구분해 낼 수 있었다.