The decommissioning waste generated during the dismantling of a nuclear power plant has various types and radioactivity levels and is characterized by being generated in a large amount in a short time. For the safe and efficient management of decommissioning waste with these characteristics, the Korea Radioactive waste Agency (KORAD) is developing a large container for decommissioning waste. And the Waste Certification Program (WCP) requirement was developed for the development of a Waste certification program for nuclear power plant operators that can prove whether the transfer/ acceptance criteria are satisfied at the step of generation of decommissioning waste packages. The radioactive waste profile, which is a waste quality certification document required by the WCP requirements, allows the KORAD to confirm that the disposition suitability evaluation was performed for each process of decommissioning waste and radiological characteristic data were evaluated appropriately. Therefore in this study, in order to propose a draft of a radioactive waste profile for large packages of decommissioning waste, overseas cases and the draft radioactive waste profile of the WCP requirements was analyzed. In addition, it was attempted to increase the utility of the derived waste profile by clearly suggesting the treatment methods for each waste stream considering the physical and radioactive characteristics evaluation methods of large decommissioning waste packages. The proposed large decommissioning waste profile can be used in the future development of a nuclear power plant operator’s decommissioning waste certification program, as well as KORAD’s a disposal facility safety evaluation and improvement of the waste tracking management system (WTS).

Plasma melting technology has been considered as promising technology for treatment of radioactive wastes. According to the IAEA TECDOC-1527 report (2006), the technology has an advantage that it can treat regardless of waste types which is both combustible and non-combustible wastes. In particular, it is expected that a large amount of concrete, a representative non-combustible wastes, will be generated during the operation and dismantling of nuclear power plants. In order to treat the concrete waste in plasma torch melting system, various factors could be considered like the slag of electric conductivity, viscosity and melting temperature. Above all, as a critical factor, the viscosity of the melt is very important to easily discharge the melt. The viscosity of slag (SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 system) can be lowered by adding a basic oxide such as CaO, Na2O, MgO and MnO. The basic oxides are donors of oxygen ions. These oxides are called notwork breakers, because they destroy the network of SiO2 by reacting with it. In this study, the slag composition of the concrete waste was developed to apply the plasma torch melting. Also, demonstration test was performed with the developed slag composition and 100 kW plasma torch melting system.

금속염화물계 방사성 폐기물은 전해공정으로 이루어진 파이로프로세싱공정의 주요한 방사성 폐기물이 다. 이와 같은 폐기물은 탄산염이나 질산염과 달리 고온에서 분해되지 않고 바로 휘발되며, 기존의 규산 계 유리와 상용성이 낮아 처리가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구팀은 금속염화물계 폐기물을 고화처리하는 방법으로 탈염화처리법을 채택하였다. 본 연구에서는 그 후속적인 연구로서, 탈염화물질로 제안된 SAP (SiO2- Al2O3-P2O5)의 조성을 변화시켜 LiCl-KCl과의 반응성을 향상시키고 고화공정을 단순화시키고자 하였다. 기본물질계에 Fe2O3를 첨가할 경우 무게반응비 SAP/Salt를 3에서 2.25로 낮출수 있으며, Fe가 Al을 치환 하는 몰분율이 0.1이상이 될 경우에는 오히려 반응성이 점진적으로 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 M-SAP에 B2O3를 첨가할 경우에는 유리매질을 사용하지 않고 monolithic form을 제조할 수 있었다. 침출 시험결과 U-SAP 1071이 가장 높은 내구성을 보여주었으며, 1 g의 금속폐기물을 처리시 약 3∼4 g의 고 화체가 발생되며, 이는 기존의 고화처리법보다 약 ⅓∼¼배정도 최종처분부피가 감소되는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 이상의 실험결과로부터, 기존의 유리고화공정으로 처리가 어려운 휘발성 금속염화물계 폐기물 을 단 하나의 물질을 이용하여 처리할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 이러한 처리방법은 고화처리시 발생되는 부피를 최소화활 수 있는 대안적인 고화처리방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Washing water volume of rice for cooking and rice weight for one person per meal in one household were surveyed for confirming pollution by the washing water and total losses by rice washing procedures. The mean size of a family was 4.64 persons and the mean consumption weight of rice per capital per meal was 138.43g. It is used 0.782 L of water for washing the rice per capital share. The washing water of rice was composed of 0.32% of total solid, 0.11% of soluble solid and 1.65% of solid loss to rice, and COD and BOD of it were 2.400 and 3.564 ppm respectively. Based on total population in Korea, 41 miliion, excepting age below 4, total cost for washing water of rice summed up about 1,495 billion won including 8.8 billion won for tap water cost, 11.7 billion won for waste water treatment, and 129 billion for solid loss of rice.

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum application rate of liquid waste from methane fermentation (LW) and its effect on botanical composition, dry matter yields and nutrient quality of pasture mixtures. Experimental fields was designed a

Waste lead-acid batteries are recycled and turned into lead and plastics (polypropylene and ABS etc.) through collection, disassembly, crushing, sorting, and washing. In particular, lead is recovered from the scrap by recycling companies and used as raw material in a smelter. Refined lead from smelters is reused as a raw material in new products. It is highly valuable to recover effective metals from waste lead-acid batteries that contain a significant amount of lead under environmentally sound management. In this study, we investigated the composition change and its cause in the process of use and phased out products to understand the discharge characteristics of waste lead-acid batteries. We also suggest examining the correlation between the waste lead-acid battery and the recovered lead to estimate the potential amount of recoverable lead. Finally, we produced a strategic method for accelerating national resource circulation by comprehending the flow of resources and their residues from wastes and propose it as a policy in baseline data.

This study was performed to evaluate the drying characteristics of food waste in oil vacuum evaporation system withdrying conditions and composition of food waste. The food waste was collected and separated into 4 categories such asvegetables, fruits, grain (rice), meats and others. which composition were 41.9%, 26.7%, 2.8%, 25.5% and 0.4%,respectively. Each food waste separated was dried and compared its characteristics in the same condition of vacuumpressure (−450mmHg), temperature (110oC) and mixing ratio (oil:food waste=1:1) for 90min of drying period. Theexperimental results showed that the moisture contents of dried vegetables, fruits and meats were less than 10%. Howeverthe grain was hard to be dried which moisture content was much high as 24.5%. This high value of the grain was thoughtdue to the viscosity of grain which prohibit oil penetration and water vaporization during drying process. In order tocompare drying characteristics with operating parameters, vacuum pressure, temperature and mixing oil type were changed.The operating temperature and vacuum pressure were major sensitive parameters. As the temperature increase and thepressure lower, the drying rate of food waste was increased and its efficiency was also improved. Especially, the moisturecontent of dried food waste was lower than 5% which was satisfied SRF standard 10% at the temperature over 110oC.Compared the effect of mixing oil type, waste cooking oil was more effective than refined oil in viewpoint of dryingefficiency. However, there is no difference of drying efficiency between fresh and waste cooking oil.

Quality of GHG emission from solid waste disposal depends on level of activity data. Activity data of solid wastedisposal is mass of waste disposal and waste composition. Waste composition is one of the main factors influencingemissions from solid waste disposal. According to GHG target management in Korea, uncertainty of activity datadetermined by level of tier. We suggest minimum sample number for analysis of waste composition. In result, we suggestto revise the guideline for GHG target management that minimum sample number for analysis of waste compositionmust be over 73 times during 3 years for total uncertainty of waste composition must be less than or equal to 7.5%(Tier 1 level).

Since biodiesel as bioenergy is defined as ester compounds formed by esterification of animal/vegetable oils, in this study three vegetable cooking oils (market, waste and refined waste ones) were esterified by reactions of alkali catalyst and immobilized enzyme. The fatty acid composition of the formed ester compounds was analyzed to investigate the feasibility of biodiesel production. By lipolysis (i.e, hydrolysis of Triglyceride (TG)), all three vegetable oils used in this study were found to produce Diglyceride (DG), Monoglyceride (MD) and Fatty acid ethylester (FAEE). However, the amount of produced FAEE (which can be used as an energy source) was in the increasing order of market cooking oil, waste one and refined waste one. With NaOH catalyst, FAEE was produced about 24.92, 17.63 and 11.31 % for the respective oils while adding Lipozyme TL produced FAEE about 43.54, 38.16 and 24.47 %, respectively. This indicates that enzyme catalyst is more effective than alkali one for transesterification. In addition, it was found that the composition of fatty acids produced by hydrolysis of TG was unchanged with alkali and immobilized enzyme reactions. Thus it can be expected that stable conditions remain in the course of mixing with gasoline whose composition is similar to that of the fatty acids.

The purpose of this study is to investigate weighted compaction density according to a loading density in truck, a compaction density of solid waste and composition ratios of solid waste for calculation of a capacity of the landfill sites. The experiments for calculations of in-place density at landfill site have been conducted in S landfill site at B City. The size of vessel for measuring the compaction density was 1m3(1m×1m×1m). The experiment tests have been carried out methods (1 time for bulldozer and 4 times for compactor) that do contain all of specification at the landfill site. Average of the loading density at the landfill site was 0.264 ton/m3 (0.113～0.487 ton/m³). When the loading density for each compositions was compared, the composition of the highest average loading density (0.474 ton/m³) was miscellaneous wastes. The composition of the lowest average loading density (0.120 ton/m³) was general solid waste. The reported results indicated that the compaction density at the landfill site was 0.538 ton/m³, which was calculated with weighted incoming ratios of compositions. The ranges of the density for each composition were from 0.021 ton/m³ to 0.221 ton/m³. When the compaction density for each composition was compared, the composition with the highest average compaction density (0.221 ton/m³) was miscellaneous wastes. The composition with the lowest average compaction density (0.021 ton/m³) was general solid wastes.