This study attempted to reinterpret the meaning of the Roh MooHyun Jeju-Declaration in accordance with the age of artificial intelligence based on the liberal theory. In the era of artificial intelligence, a new aspect of the U.S.-China hegemonic competition was considered. The Roh MooHyun Declaration, which declared Jeju Island a peaceful island, was reinterpreted from three points of view of liberal theory. This study presented the necessity and orientation of the World Peace Island Network International Organization.

WAIS in South Korea and WEU Inc. in Philadelphia hosting the 22nd World Peace Island Forum: Remembering Jeju King Cherry Trees Bio-diplomacy (1943) in Washington D.C. and the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) in Philadelphia which organized by the Korean Provisional Government from March 22 to 24, 2022. We want to propose cultural historic events which connect American and Korean society, such as the Trip to Faith and Liberty Hall that relate to the integration processes of Korean and American Democracy. Dean Max Friedman of American University calls the Jeju King cherry trees cultural event bio-diplomacy among world citizens. In addition, the Korean embassy evaluated the cherry tree event as a new kind of bio-diplomacy approach which paves the way for understanding different cultures in different countries. The aim of this paper is to share present contexts and meanings about both the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) and Bio-diplomacy (1943). We had also the 2022 GAN Korea Jeju to Philadelphia Webinar Conference: Diversity as a New Diversity for Global Ageing Network in New Normal: Jeju Village Healing, PASSi Asian Culture, Japanese Indigenous Peace Culture, and Busan Smart Health Care approach.

In 1943, Koreans and Americans gathered at American University for a simple ceremony affirming friendship between our peoples and voicing the hopes for world peace. As we gather here today, we are again on the precipice of world war-a war from which no one may survive. Three years ago, former president Jimmy Carter, calling the United States “the most warlike nation in the history of the world,” said that the United States has only enjoyed 16 years of peace in its 242-year history. This time it is who threatens world peace. But the lesson is clear. As the proponents of environmental peacebuilding understand unless we quickly end this war and find a way to solve problems without resorting to violence, especially in the nuclear age, humans will not long be here to enjoy these beautiful cherry trees or nature’s other gifts to humanity.

In the intensely competitive global fashion market, the use of cultural elements to enhance design has become increasingly widespread. However, there is a lack of research on challenges and opportunities associated with integrating cultural elements of Minhwa into fashion design. Moreover, diverse approaches to incorporate Korean cultural elements into contemporary fashion designs are still needed. This study aims to reveal the real-world challenges relating to the incorporation of Korean cultural elements, including Minhwa, into fashion design and to clarify the possibility of applying Lin’s cultural levels to cultural aspects in accordance with experts’ views. To establish a theoretical foundation, the literature review on cultural design and Minhwa studies was conducted. It analyzes Minhwa to gain an understanding of the characteristics associated with different cultural levels. In-depth interviews with fashion industry professionals and Minhwa artists were conducted to ascertain their attitudes toward Minhwa use. The study’s major findings were threefold. First, the cultural design facilitates the introduction, promotion, understanding, and maintenance of the culture. Since Minhwa offers rich inspiration linked to Korean culture, Minhwa-related designs can provide new perspectives while still having commercial potential. Second, however, the limitations of existing cultural designs included their being outdated, superficial without interpretation, unsophisticated, or limited. Furthermore, the use of Minhwa is limited since it is difficult to avoid creating superficial and unsophisticated designs in the real world. Third, approaching Minhwa at different cultural levels can promote diverse thinking and reduce the challenges of Minhwa use in design, but the major challenge remains visual expression.

한국교회가 처한 위기는 그리스도를 온전히 따르지 못하는 제자도 의 부재, 상실, 혹은 미숙함의 문제에 그 원인이 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 변혁적 제자도가 시대의 흐름을 바꿀 수 있는 선교 신학적 개념이라고 주장하면서, 변혁적 제자도가 한국교회 위기 극복의 대안이 될 수 있음을 논증하기 위해 변혁적 제자도의 개념과 발전과정, 그리고 그 특징을 살펴보고자 하는 데 있다. 변혁적 제자도는 2013년 WCC 부산총 회에서 발표된 TTL 문서를 배경으로 등장한 선교개념으로서, 2015년 3월 WCC CWME 위원회에서 처음 사용하였고, 2018년 WCC CWME 아루샤 세계선교대회에서 자세하게 다루어졌다. 이를 토대로 본 논문은 변혁적 제자도의 정의를 내리고, 5가지 특징을 살펴본다: 화해를 전하는 선교적 제자의 사명을 이어감, 그리스도께 속하여 연약한 이들과 연대 함, 사랑과 정의의 복음을 증거함, 성령을 통해 저항과 희망을 노래함, 그리고 시민직을 실천함이다. 이러한 다면적 특징을 갖춘 변혁적 제자들 은 세상을 섬기고 변혁시키는 통전적 선교를 실천한다.

본 논문은 청소년들이 직면한 다양한 문제, 특히 과학적 세계관의 강한 영향아래 있는 미 정립된 청소년의 세계관에 대한 문제의식에서 출발하며, 청소년 선교의 올바른 방향을 제시하되 그것을 전도서의 세계관을 통해 드러내고자 하는 목적을 두고 있다. 세계관 형성이 아직 온전히 이루어지지 않은 청소년들은 세계관의 혼란을 겪는다. 이는 교회 내의 청소년도 마찬가지이다. 특별히 ‘복층식 기독교’의 개념은 교회 내의 청소년과 교회 밖의 청소년이 세계를 이해하는 방식에 그리 큰 차이가 없음을 단적으로 보여준다. 그러므로 청소년 선교의 근본적인 방향은 성서적 기독교 세계관의 정립을 통해 제시되어야 한다. 연구자는 이 기독교 세계관을 전도서에서 도출하되, 그 핵심 사상을 헤벨, 하나님 경외, 헬레크로 제시한다. 이 사상은 한계 속의 때를 살아가는 인간에게 모든 판단의 교만을 멈추게 하고, 그 한계 너머의 창조주 하나님을 인식하게 하며, 그로부터 모든 인간에게 주어 지는 몫을 통하여 삶의 의미를 참되게 발견하게 한다. 헤벨, 하나님 경외 헬레크의 세계관은 인생의 방향을 창조주에게 맞추고, 그로부터 주어지는 무한한 가능성을 통하여 문제들의 대안과 소망을 발견할 수 있게 한다.

This study conducted a survey and evaluation on ‘The 2021 Jeju World Natural Heritage Festival’ with a framework of various stakeholders related to festivals. While aiming for the essential context of the celebration, we tried to find suggestions to ensure the continuity of the celebration and the designation of the World Natural Heritage. As a methodology, surveys and interview surveys were conducted in parallel with the framework of multifaceted evaluation. To summarize the important contents presented as policy suggestions, first, it is necessary to expand the concept of ' encounter with hidden nature' from the positivity of the concept of 'encounter with hidden nature' to have fellowship with mankind about natural heritage. For reference to this, efforts should be made to secure the continuity of the designation of World Natural Heritage through a contextual approach using the frame of 'encounter'. Second, since the participation of experts can help in many ways, it is necessary to encourage many experts to participate as a staff or activist. Third, it is necessary to sublimate Jeju's natural heritage into a public celebration without damaging it. Finally, it should be a festival centered on local communities and local residents. It is necessary to actively seek a system in which the World Natural Heritage Village Preservation Association, which will be created (tentative name), will be centered and promoted by the villagers.

이 논문은 세계 각국의 헌법에서 해양관할권이 어떻게 규율되는가를 조사ㆍ 분석한다. 조사대상 국가는 성문헌법전이 있는 연안국 147개국이다. 분석한 결 과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 헌법에서 해양관할권 개념을 언급하는지 여부와 관련하여, 세계 전체 로는, 67개국의 헌법에서만 하나 이상의 해양관할권 개념이 언급되고, 80개국의 헌법에서는 해양관할권 개념이 전혀 언급되지 않는다. 대륙별로는, 헌법에서 하나 이상의 해양관할권 개념이 언급되는 국가의 수가 조사대상 국가의 절반이 넘는 곳은 아메리카에서뿐이다. 따라서 헌법상 해양관할권 규율이 세계적으로 확산되어 있다고 할 수는 없다. 둘째, 헌법에서 언급되는 해양관할권 개념의 개수와 관련하여, 언급되는 개 념의 평균 개수는 세계 전체로는 2.63개로서 총 6개의 절반에도 못 미친다. 대 륙별로는 아메리카에서의 그러한 평균 개수가 총 개수(6개)의 절반을 상회할 뿐이다. 따라서 전반적으로 헌법상 해양관할권 규율이 별로 충실하지 못하며, 대륙별로는 특히 아시아ㆍ유럽에서 그러하다. 셋째, 세 가지 핵심적인 해양관할권 개념, 즉 영해ㆍ대륙붕과 배타적 경제수 역과 관련하여, 그 셋을 모두 언급하는 경우(26개국)와 영해만을 언급하는 경우 (17개국)가 조사대상 국가(67개국)의 절반을 상당히 넘는다. 따라서 헌법상 해 양관할권 규율이 비교적 체계적이라고 할 수 있다. 넷째, 헌법에서 해양관할권 개념을 사용하여 어떠한 사항을 규율하는가, 즉 해양관할권 개념의 용법 내지 쓰임새와 관련하여, 그러한 용법의 하나로서, 50 개국에서는, 해양관할권의 공간적 범위를 설정ㆍ선언하기 위하여 해양관할권 개념이 사용된다. 대륙별로는, 거기에 해당하는 국가가 상대적으로 아메리카와 아프리카에서는 매우 높지만, 유럽과 특히 아시아에서는 매우 적다. 그러한 용 법의 다른 하나로서, 18개국에서는, 국가조직 내에서(예컨대, 연방과 주 사이에 또는 중앙정부와 지방정부 사이에) 해양관할권을 배분하기 위하여 해양관할권 개념이 사용된다. 그러한 용법의 또 다른 하나로서, 31개국에서는, 해양공간에 존재하는 자연자원의 소유권의 귀속을 규율하기 위하여 해양관할권 개념이 사 용된다. 다섯째, 해양관할권의 범위에 관하여 헌법에서 어떻게 규율하는가라는, 해양 관할권의 범위에 관한 헌법상 규율 방식과 관련하여, 28개국의 헌법은 그것을 법률로 정하도록 위임한다. 27개국의 헌법은 해양관할권의 범위에 대해서 전혀 언급하지 않는다. 단지 6개국에서만 해양관할권의 범위가 직접 헌법에 의해서 설정될 뿐이다. 대륙별로는, 아시아ㆍ아프리카는 대체로 세계 전체의 경향과 비슷하지만, 아메리카의 다수 국가의 헌법은 해양관할권의 범위를 법률로 정하 도록 위임하고 있다.

Northern Okinawa has been recently inscribed by UNESCO as World Natural Heritage under the auspices of the IUCN. However, the U.S. Navy base called Jungle Warfare Training Center is located adjacent to the designated area with its deployment of ospreys ousting endangered species. Military wastes are still there. It shows the political powerlessness of the Okinawans, the Indigenous people still oppressed by the majority in Japan as well as the governance problem due to the U.S. -Japan treaties. I think the international pressure after the inscription is essential. Facing many serious environmental problems in East Asia, the Indigenous perspective should be focused.

This paper is based on the presentation I made for the online conference as part of Peace Talks series in Paris, June 10, 2021 and as a follow up to the 2021 World Peace Island Forum: 6+1 Culture Forum in Jeju. A blending conference on Education, Peace, Sustainable Development and process of designation of Jeju 4.3 Victim Records as UNESCO World Program of Memory MoW. This is constructed from my perspective as Doctor in anglophone studies and gender and development studies, main IFBPW representative to UNESCO, member of the NGO-UNESCO Liaison Committee and the CCNGO-Education2030 coordination group, UNESCO key mechanism for reflection, dialogue and partnerships for the implementation of SDG4.

광채는 태생부터가 유럽시장의 수요에 부응하기 위해 생산된 자기이지만, 18세기 후반 이후 이슬람 세계로의 소비정황이 확인되고, 19세기에 이르면 본격적인 이슬람 시장으로의 수출이 이루어져 광채자기의 생산과 수출과정에 모종의 변화가 있었음을 짐작해 볼 수 있다. 18세기의 대표적 예로 무굴제국에 유입된 광채 식기세트가 있으나 소량에 불과하다. 이 는 아마도 당시 동인도회사가 중서무역에 절대적 우위를 선점하는 가운데, 영국 동인도회사 령의 무굴제국에서 아시아 간 역내무역 형태로 소량 주문되어 유입된 것으로 판단된다. 당시 아시아 역내무역의 주요 축이었던 인도 무굴제국과 중국과의 소규모 거래에 의한 것으로, 수 출된 광채자기의 장식이 유럽 도기에서 주로 사용된 ‘백색 위의 백색(Bianco Sopra Bianco)’ 기법이 상용된 것으로 보아 특정 계층을 위한 소량의 주문품으로 보인다. 다만 이 때 광주의 요업계 역시 동인도회사를 통한 유럽으로의 대규모의 수출에 집중되었기 때문에, 이슬람 세계는 핵심 시장이 아니었다. 그러다가 1840년대 광동의 일항 체제가 종식되면서, 광채의 수출에도 드디어 변화가 감지된다. 19세기의 중국 요업계는 주요 고객을 잃으면서 새로운 시장으로의 개척이 필요했 고, 광채 생산업계는 때마침 1840년대 난징조약에 의한 對중국의 자유무역이 활발해지면서 페르시아 카자르 왕조․이집트․오스만 제국 등 이슬람 세계에 의한 직접적 주문과 함께 이 슬람 세계로의 본격적 수출이 이루어 진 것으로 판단된다. 이슬람 세계로 적지 않은 수량이 수출되면서, 카자르 왕조에서 생산된 채회도기의 다수가 광채 양식을 그대로 답습하기도 하 였다. 즉 당시 이슬람 세계에서의 광채 수입은 상당한 수준에 이르렀음을 확인할 수 있다.

Twenty-six learners of English enrolled in an MA course were asked to give the metaphors which they think best capture the essence of their learning experience so far. Their metaphors tell how English learning had introduced them to a brand new world and, once they were inside it, led them to a seemingly endless series of new discoveries. The unpredictability of these discoveries had been like ‘reading a magic story’. Students had often faced challenges but had also derived satisfaction from overcoming them. The metaphors connect more strongly with ‘intrinsic’ motivation than with the more utilitarian concepts of ‘extrinsic’ and ‘instrumental’ motivation. This might reflect the composition of the learner group, who had all chosen to specialize in some form of English study in their previous education. However that may be, they encourage us to create space in our teaching for the humanistic dimensions of imagination and creativity, even in courses where the explicit aim is to serve a specific pragmatic purpose.

In this article, firstly, we talk about why we respond to “climate change impacts in nature and society” educationally. Secondly, we try to find ways that Jeju also has the ability to halt biodiversity loss and apply nature-based solutions to conserve biodiversity, enhance resilience, and so improve the well-being of the people on the island and in turn to improve the well-being of the people on the planet at the grass roots level of UNESCO internationally protected areas. Thirdly, we try to develop World Environment University Online School Leads Establishment of World Environment University so called “Lead WEU.” We will announce “World Environment University Online School Leads Establishment of World Environment University” at Private Meeting of the 2020 World Conservation Congress on September 9, 2021 in Marseille of France. We propose ”Jeju Global Governance of World Heritage; Climate Change Impacts and Integrated Management of UNESCO internationally Protected Area, at the graduate class of Jeju National University from September 2 to December 9, 2021. The core program centered at the University itself would be developed initially on the basis of the comparative advantage offered by its location in Jeju and the quality of faculty, full and part time, that could be recruited to the University.

The April 3 victim records are a collective history of victims, including the background of the incident, the history of the victims in the process of investigating the truth and restoring honor, the process of establishing the April 3 Special Act and resolving civil-private cooperation. The Jeju 4.3 Incident occurred on Jeju Island, a small South Korean island ruled by U.S. Government amid the global Cold War and the division of the Korean Peninsula after World War II was the second most serious casualty in modern Korean history. Of the island's total population of 280,000, between 25,000 and 30,000 were found to have been killed. Nevertheless, 50 years after the incident, no specific and comprehensive fact-finding has been made, and the truth and justice have been concealed. Since the late 1980s, the damage has gradually begun to be revealed as a fierce campaign to reveal the truth of Jeju civil society, including bereaved families, students, civic groups, media, cultural circles, and academic circles. On January 12, 2000, the Jeju April 3 Incident Truth and Victim Honor Recovery Committee was launched with the enactment of the "Special Act on the Truth and Restoration of Victims". The findings were announced at the time Roh Moo-hyun, the Korean President to visit Jeju Island at a “In the past power of the state of sympathy and heartfelt apology to family and the Jeju for a mistake to say.” and came to a formal apology. In addition, the government has taken steps to overcome past tragedies and move toward the future, including the creation of Jeju April·3 Peace Park in 2003, the establishment of Jeju April ·3 Peace Foundation in 2008, the designation of national anniversaries by the government in 2012, and the declaration of formalization between the bereaved families. The April 3 victim records are a collective history of victims, including the background of the incident, the history of the victims in the process of investigating the truth and restoring honor, the process of establishing the April 3 Special Act and resolving civil-private cooperation.

The thought occurs that through “Korean Tolerance” Wonsan and the Jeju “Peace Port” at Gangeong village could be linked as “sister holiday places” by ferry, which sailing could include other ports to promote peace and Korean tolerance cruises featuring entertainment from all parts of the peninsula. Those Korean relatives in Japan could meet their DPRK families on Jeju and at other places on the Korean Tolerance cruise itinerary. There no doubt are many barriers to such a proposal as a peace and Korean Tolerance voyage between the DPRK and RoK, but the principle of Korean Tolerance and exchange between Wonsan and Jeju World Peace Island should be able to overcome such difficulties with good will throughout the peninsular polity.. “Korean Tolerance Peace Cruises” would serve to promote cultural exchange by using artists from all of Korea to learn from one another’s experiences, using their common language, shared culture and deep history.