This paper considers the problem of scheduling loading and unloading operations of a crane in a railway terminal motivated from rail-road container transshipment operations at Uiwang Inland Container Depot (ICD). Unlike previous studies only considering the total handling time of containers, this paper considers a bi-criteria objective of minimizing the weighted sum of the total handling time and tenant service time. The tenant service time is an important criterion in terms of terminal tenants who are private logistics companies in charge of moving containers from/to the terminal using their trucks. In the rail-road container shipment yard, the tenant service time of a tenant can be defined by a time difference between beginning and finishing loading and unloading operations of a crane. Thus, finding a set of sequences and time of the crane operations becomes a crucial decision issue in the problem. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear program which is improved by linearizing a nonlinear constraint in the model. This paper develops a genetic algorithm to solve the problem and performs a case study on the Uiwang ICD terminal. Computational experiment results show that the genetic algorithm shows better performance than commercial optimization solvers. Operational implications in terms of tenants are drawn through sensitivity analyses.
이적작업은 자동화 컨테이너 터미널에서 하역작업의 생산성을 높이는 운영 전략으로 연구되고 있다. 이는 장치장 블록 내 컨테이너들의 재배치 작업을 의미한다. 이적작업의 크레인 작업할당 문제는 작업가능시간에 대한 제약을 고려하여 이적작업의 효과를 최대화하기 위해 가능한 이적작업 중에서 효율적인 이적작업을 선정하고 이들의 작업순서를 정하는 것이다. 본 연구는 혼합정수계획법을 활용하여 장치장 크레인의 작업할당 문제에 대한 최적화 수리모형을 개발하고 이의 예를 제시하였다. 그러나 수리모형은 계산시간이 많이 소요되어 현장에서 사용되기 어렵다. 따라서 현실 적용을 위해 대표적인 5개의 작업할당 규칙을 비교 평가하였다. 수치실험에서 maximum weight ratio(MR) 규칙이 전반적으로 뛰어난 성능을 보였다.
This paper introduces a novel approach that can provide the three dimensional information about the movement of a spreader by using two CCD cameras and a laser distance measuring unit in order to derive ALS (Automatic Landing System) in the crane used at a harbor. So far a kind of 2D Laser scanner sensor or laser distance measuring units are used as comer detectors for the geometrical matching between the spreader and a container. Such systems provide only two dimensional information which is not enough for an accurate and fast ALS. In addition to this deficiency in performance, the price of the system is too high to adapt to the ALS. Therefore, to overcome these defects, we proposed a novel method to acquire the three dimensional spreader information using two CCD cameras and a laser distance measuring unit. To show the efficiency of proposed method, real experiments are performed to show the improvement of accuracy in distance measurement by fusing the sensory information of the CCD cameras and a laser distance measuring unit.