본 연구는 기존 (불)투과형 사방댐의 부식 및 시공성 등의 문제를 보완하고자 GFRP와 CFRP를 사용하여 내부식성 투과형 사방댐을 설계한 선행연구의 후속 연구로써 FRP로 제작된 격자형 사방 구조물(Grid)을 설계하여 탈부착이 가능한 투과 형 사방댐을 개발하기 위한 기초 연구이다. 이를 위해 탄소산업진흥원(K-Carbon)의 상용 Grid 제원을 인용하였으며, Grid를 구성 하는 띠(Strip)는 41×21개로 총 4000×2000×1.5 mm의 크기로 설계하였다. Grid의 개발을 위한 기초 연구라는 특성상 Grid의 지지 부(Slot)와 충진재는 파괴되지 않는다고 가정하였으며, FRP의 파괴 이론인 Hashin Damage Criteria에 따라 Grid의 설계하중 작용 시의 안전성을 상용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS로 평가하였다. 그 결과, 0.01~0.03sec 내에서 GFRP와 CFRP Grid가 파괴 되었으며, 이는 Grid의 성능이 충분하지 못함을 의미한다. 이에 따라 Grid의 성능 향상을 위해서 GFRP 및 CFRP(면재)와 Balsa Wood(심재)로 구성된 Sandwich Grid를 개발하였으며, 동일 조건에서 해석을 수행한 결과, Grid 대비 Sandwich Grid가 약 126~140 배 뛰어난 성능을 보였다. 결론적으로 Sandwich Grid를 이용한 탈착형 사방댐은 내구성 및 경제성 측면에서 이점이 분명하다 판 단되지만, 이는 일부 가정 사항과 수치 해석을 기반으로 하는 결과이므로 향후 추가 연구가 수행되어야 할 필요가 있다.

With the development of information technology, online food delivery services have significantly changed people’s food consumption patterns. The outbreak of COVID-19 has further facilitated the development due to restaurant restrictions and social distancing measures. Due to the emergence of online food delivery services, scholars have paid increasing attention to this popular topic, and a large number of studies have examined which factors are related to consumers’ intention to use online food delivery services. However, previous studies showed inconsistent findings, and relationships between variables lack a comprehensive understanding. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a research model and examine the factors influencing consumers’ intention to use online food delivery services. By reviewing and analyzing 52 studies with 53 independent samples (N = 22,937), the meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach was carried out to assess the research model. The findings indicate that two attributes of online food delivery services (i.e., convenience and price-saving orientation) play different roles in the research model. Specifically, convenience significantly impacted perceived ease of use but had no direct impact on perceived usefulness. Price-saving orientation significantly influenced both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Moreover, relationships between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived trust were significant, and these factors ultimately significantly led to the intention to use food delivery services. The findings contribute to theoretical advancement in the extant literature on food delivery services and help firms develop to provide better food delivery services for consumers’ continuous usage.

This study compared Korean adult learners’ English speech in dialogic and monologic tasks, measuring 57 college students’ oral proficiency in terms of holistic and analytic grades. The statistical analyses were focused on two questions: 1) how much do the holistic grades of oral proficiency and analytic grades of the four linguistic features function differently across the tasks? and 2) which linguistic feature has the strongest correlation with the holistic grades of English oral proficiency? The study found significant differences between the two tasks in five aspects (English oral proficiency, topic development, fluency, range, and accuracy). It also showed that a monologic task resulted in lower achievements in those five aspects. In the comparison of the correlations with English proficiency, the range reached the top in both tasks, followed by topic development. The study provides some helpful information regarding which types of speech tasks and linguistic features of EFL oral proficiency are more desirable for targeting in teaching and assessment.

어촌뉴딜 300사업은 300개의 어촌과 어항을 대상으로 하는 복합개발사업으로 낙후된 시설 개선 및 지역특화 자원활용 등 전문 프로그램을 제공하는 사업이다. 본 연구에서는 어촌뉴딜 300사업의 선정평가 항목 별 가중치 결정을 위해 다기준 평가방법인 AHP로 전문 가 설문조사를 통한 분석을 수행하였다. 평가결과, 상위계층 평가항목은 개발여건 및 기본구상, 사업효과, 사업계획, 사업 시행 및 관리 순으로 중요도가 높게 나타났다. 사업효과 항목은 가이드라인에서 6점으로 낮은 배점이었지만, AHP 결과 15.57점의 배점이 도출되었다. 본 연구에서 도출된 항목별 가중치는 향후 어촌어항 개발사업 평가항목 배점 선정에 참조할 수 있을 것이다.

국제해사기구(IMO)에서 선박으로부터 배출되는 온실가스 등 대기오염물질을 감축하기 위해 해운분야 환경규제를 강화하고 있 어 전 세계적으로 조선․해운산업의 패러다임이 친환경․고효율 선박으로 전환되고 있다. 우리나라도 친환경선박을 보급하기 위해 2020 년부터 친환경선박 보급 확대 정책을 추진하고 있다. 본 논문은 우리정부의 친환경선박 보급정책에 대하여 전문가 12명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하고, 계층분석법(AHP)을 활용하여 정책의 중요도를 평가하였다. 분석결과, 6개 중점추진과제 중에서 무탄소 및 저탄소 선박 개발을 위한 “미래 친환경선박 세계 선도 기술확보” 정책이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. AHP 분석을 통한 친환경선박 정책의 중요도를 분석한 본 연구는 국제해양환경규제에 선제적으로 대응하고, 우리 해운 및 조선 산업의 보호와 신산업 육성 측면에서 예산 배분 및 정책 개발 등 정책 집행의 효율성을 제고할 수 있는 방향 설정을 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Climate change effects are particularly apparent in many cool-season grasslands in South Korea. Moreover, the probability of climate extremes has intensified and is expected to increase further. In this study, we performed climate change vulnerability assessments in cool-season grasslands based on the analytic hierarchy process method to contribute toward effective decision-making to help reduce grassland damage caused by climate change and extreme weather conditions. In the analytic hierarchy process analysis, vulnerability was found to be influenced in the order of climate exposure (0.575), adaptive capacity (0.283), and sensitivity (0.141). The climate exposure rating value was low in Jeju-do Province and high in Daegu (0.36–0.39) and Incheon (0.33–0.5). The adaptive capacity index showed that grassland compatibility (0.616) is more important than other indicators. The adaptation index of Jeollanam-do Province was higher than that of other regions and relatively low in Gangwon-do Province. In terms of sensitivity, grassland area and unused grassland area were found to affect sensitivity the most with index values of 0.487 and 0.513, respectively. The grassland area rating value was low in Jeju-do and Gangwon-do Province, which had large grassland areas. In terms of vulnerability, that of Jeju-do Province was lower and of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province higher than of other regions. These results suggest that integrating the three aspects of vulnerability (climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) may offer comprehensive and spatially explicit adaptation plans to reduce the impacts of climate change on the cool-season grasslands of South Korea.

PURPOSES : In this study, drone highway route alternatives were evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique to investigate any difficulties or improvements while designing drone highway routes. METHODS : Based on the literature review and AHP analysis, 39 road and airport experts were surveyed to evaluate two alternate drone highway routes that connect the Seoul train station and Jamsil park near Gangnam business district. RESULTS : The AHP analysis results revealed that the environmental aspect was the most critical factor in designing a drone highway route, followed by social and technological factors. Among the investigated factors, noise and life-environment showed the highest geometric mean value of 0.21. This mean should be considered when developing plans and policies for drone highway design. CONCLUSIONS : Environmental and social agreement is more crucial than the technological and economic aspects when designing drone highway routes. Laws and policies should be updated and followed to support the drone highway system, which is vital in logistics.

Modern combat has been extended to the concept of real-time response to a variety of threats simultaneously occurring in vast areas. In order to quick command determination and accurate engagement in these threats, the combat system has emerged in frigate. Frigates conduct anti-surface, anti-submarine, and anti-aircraft as the core forces of the fleet. In this study, the combat effectiveness measures naval frigates using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method. A hierarchical structure for measuring the combat effectiveness was developed, and weights of criteria were calculated by expert surveys and pair-wise comparisons. In addition, the combat effectiveness of frigates was synthesized and compared. The weights for each attribute were calculated, and the weights for the three main attributes were in the order of act (0.594), evaluate (0.277), and see (0.129). As a result of calculating the weight, anti surface warfare (0.203) was the highest. The combat effectiveness of FFG Batch-III, which has advanced hardware and software and improved combat system capabilities, see (1.73 to 2.56 times), evaluate (1.68 to 2.08 times), and act (1.31 to 3.80 times) better than the comparative frigate. In summarizing the combat effects of the frigate, FFG Batch-III was 1.41~2.95 times superior to the comparative frigate. In particular, a group of experts evaluated the act importantly, resulting in better combat effectiveness.

본 연구에서는 2008년 1월부터 2019년 10월까지 보고된 국내외 출간･비출간 연구를 대상으로 오락용 게임이 일반 사용자의 공격성, 사회성 및 정서에 미치는 영향에 대한 다변량 메타분석을 시행했다. 총 22개 관련 연구(효과 크기 수 = 54개, 참여자 수 = 8031명)에 대한 메타분석 결과에 따르면, 게임의 폭력성 또는 폭력적 게임의 이용이 사용자의 정서기능에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았다. 진실험연구 분석 결과에서만 게임의 폭력성 또는 폭력적 게임의 이용이 사용자 의 공격적 인지와 친사회적 행동에 약한 수준의 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 공격적 행동과 부정적 감정(예를 들면 불안, 우울 등)에 미치는 영향은 진실험, 준실험 및 상관회귀 연구 모두 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 조절변수에 대한 메타분석 결과, 게임의 폭력성 또는 폭력적 게임 이용의 효과는 아동보다 청장년에게서, 남녀의 비율이 균등하게 통제된 연구보다 남성의 비율이 더 높은 연구에서, 그리고 방법론적 질이 높은 연구보다 방법론적 질이 낮은 연구에서 더 크게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 게임의 폭력성 또는 폭력적 게임 이용이 사용자의 공격성에 미치는 영향은 크지 않으며, 이 또한 사용자의 연령과 성별 그리고 연구의 방법론적 질에 따라 좌우될 수 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the discourse-analytic studies in Korean sociolinguistics, mainly analyzing articles published in The Sociolingustic Journal of Korea. To achieve this goal, this article discusses definitions of ‘discourse’ and ‘discourse analysis’, and approaches to discourse. The examination of the articles in the journal shows that major studies in Korean sociolinguistics can be summarized as in the following: (i) functional approaches to language and discourse markers, (ii) conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, (iv) media discourse and critical discourse analysis, (v) analysis of public speeches and advertisements, (vi) electronic discourse (internet and SNS discourse), among others. This overview shows that discourse-analytic studies in Korean linguistics have focused on certain specific topics such as discourse markers, conversation-analytic studies, critical discourse studies, and electronic discourse, differing in topics from sociolinguistic studies in American and other societies. This overview suggests that more sociolinguistic studies need to be carried out in the fields such as intercultural communication, electronic discourse, and gender-based discourse as further research topics in Korean sociolinguistics.

In this study, the failure characteristic of the center floor of a front-wheel drive vehicle was investigated according to material. UHSS, Al6061-T6, CFRP, and CFRP-Al were used as materials. As the analysis condition, a fixed support was applied to the rear surface of the center floor and a forced displacement of 2 mm/sec was applied to the front surface. As the result, when comparing with the equivalent stress and strain energy according to the material, it was found that UHSS, Al6061-T6, CFRP, and CFRP-Al were higher in the order. Also, when comparing with the equivalent strain due to the material, it was shown that the equivalent strain was high in the order of Al6061-T6, UHSS, CFRP and CFRP-Al. As for the damage characteristic of the center floor according to the material, it was found that the highest structural stability was obtained when UHSS was used. However, it was found that it was good to utilize Al6061-T6 in order to acquire the structural stability along with the structure with the lighter weight.

Conversation analysis (CA) has grown in its status as a pragmatic approach to language-in-use worldwide, and its analytic perspective and methodology began to be introduced in Korea as early as in 1990s and gradually incorporated into the field of pragmatics/sociolinguistics in Korea. With a view to looking at how CA has established as an academic field in Korea, this article describes recent developments in CA in Korea, presenting an overview of how CA studies have been conducted by CAists stationed in Korea. Papers published in the period of 1990s to 2019 are reviewed and categorized in terms of some of the notable trends in research topics and methodological orientations, which are classified into grammar, interactional practices, and applied CA. The overview provides a basis on which the current state of affairs in domestic CA research is assessed, and suggestions are made for the direction of future development.

We propose semi-analytic models for the electron momentum distribution in weak shocks that accounts for both in situ acceleration and re-acceleration through diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). In the former case, a small fraction of incoming electrons is assumed to be reflected at the shock ramp and pre-accelerated to the so-called injection momentum, pinj, above which particles can diffuse across the shock transition and participate in the DSA process. This leads to the DSA power-law distribution extending from the smallest momentum of reflected electrons, pref, all the way to the cutoff momentum, peq, constrained by radiative cooling. In the latter case, fossil electrons, specified by a power-law spectrum with a cutoff, are assumed to be re-accelerated from pref up to peq via DSA. We show that, in the in situ acceleration model, the amplitude of radio synchrotron emission depends strongly on the shock Mach number, whereas it varies rather weakly in the re-acceleration model. Considering the rather turbulent nature of shocks in the intracluster medium, such extreme dependence for the in situ acceleration might not be compatible with the relatively smooth surface brightness of observed radio relics.

This study investigated the use of L1(English) by L2(Korean) learners’ interaction with their native-speaking conversation partners from a sociocultural perspective, using the lens of conversation analysis. The data included 64 hours of recorded interactions of 16 conversation pairs of nonnative learners of Korean and their native conversation partners as well as learners’ diary entries. Findings gleaned from qualitative analysis of learners’ use of their L1 (i.e., English) during native-nonnative pair interactions outside the classroom showed that the overall use of L1 by L2 learners found to be facilitative of their L2 learning. The results proposed a model of L2 learners interaction with their conversation partners that attempted to link learner’s use of L1 and their L2 proficiency, and concluded that learners’ interactions played a key role in improving L2 learners’ language proficiency. In addition, pedagogical recommendations based on the research findings were proposed.

A warehouse is more than just a place to store goods but also creates a time utility gap between production and consumption that is important in the development of trade and commerce. Malaysia has a high aspiration to be the most popular gateway in Asia. However, Malaysia Productivity Corporation has claimed that particularly in efficiency and productivity aspects, the warehouse industry is less incline to innovate and make improvement to increase. There are ten failure factors that had been identified during literature survey affecting to the warehouse operations efficiency. Therefore, this study intends to analyse and select the main failure factors that mostly affecting the warehouse operations efficiency. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) technique has been used in this study to calculate the weight value of each variable through a pair-wise comparison method. The finding highlighted the four main failure factors which are ‘equipment’, ‘environment concern’, ‘special handling consideration’ and ‘human factor’ that influence directly to the warehouse operations efficiency. This paper has contributed to a new knowledge of complex warehouse operation area with recommendations action that shall be taken to manage the possible risk in future, which will also contribute to achieve the government goals.

본 연구는 베이비부머 세대에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아짐에 따라 감성심리 기반의 자기계발, 자아실현과 같은 삶의 질적인 측면을 고려한 베이비부머 평생교육 요구 및 평생학습 지원에 대한 상대적 중요도를 파악하여 평생교육 지원 정책을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 베이비부머 세대를 위한 평생학습 지원의 최적 탐색을 위해 제1계층(상위기준) 2가지, 제2계층(세부기준) 6가지, 평가대안을 각각 5가지로 설정하였다. 제1계층에서는 어느 대안이 더 바람직한가의 문제인 ‘소망성’과 어느 대안이 더 실현가능한가의 문제인 ‘실현가능성’을 살펴보았고, 제2계층에서 ‘소망성’의 세부기준은 형평성, 대응성, 효율성으로 ‘실현가능성’의 세부기준은 재정적, 법·윤리적, 정치·행정적 실현가능성으로 각각 구분하여 설정하였다. 전문가 설문조사를 통해 베이비부머 정책 우선순위 분석을 실시한 결과 베이비부머 세대를 위한 평생학습 지원은 ‘소망성(어느 대안이 더 바람직한가)’ 보다 ‘실현가능성(어느 대안이 더 실현가능한가)’에 더 큰 우선순위를 두고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 세부 기준 6가지 중에서는 ‘평생실천활동’에 대한 우선순위가 높았으며, ‘평생학습활동’에 대한 5개 평가대안의 상대적 중요도에서는 ‘직업능력교육(0.377)’, ‘시민참여교육(0.181)’ 순으로, ‘평생실천활동’에 대해서는 ‘사회관계활동(0.200)’, ‘사회봉사활동(0.161)’ 순으로 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과는 평생교육 요구를 구체화, 세분화하고, 상대적 중요도를 파악하여, 본격적인 노년기 진입을 앞둔 베이비 부머 세대 평생학습 정책을 위한 기초자료 마련에 도움을 주었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.