Mammalian Emx2. a homeobox tra nscripti on factor‘ is continuoll s ly expressecl in aclll lt neural s tem cell s of the b.ippo campal c1enclate gyrus (HDG) a f'ter blrth 1'0 c1ate‘ roles 01' Emx2 a ncl its llnderlying rnecha ni s rn in r eg비 atin g acl lllt neuro - genesis from neural stem cell aft er bi rth is still obscure. 1'he present experiment is aimed to elucidate role 01' Emx2 in regulating adll lt neurogenesis from neural s tem cell of HDG using nestin-Emx2 transgenic mouse (N-E2 1'G) and heterozygous Emx2 KO mouse (1-l-E2 KO) . HDG g ranlllar cell layer where new born neurons proclllced from adult neural stem cell migrate. is thin with low cell c1ens ity in N-E2 1'G but tbick with high cell density in H-E2 KO, compared to wild type mice (\\끼') . Number of DCX , a new born nellron marker. -positive cells is less in N-E2 1'G but more in l-l-E2 KO. comparecl to W1'. Ki67 (whole cell cycle marker) 01' BrclU (S-phase marker) 一positive cells is less in N-E2 1'G bllt morc in l-l-E2 KO and BrdU-positive cells/ Ki 67ratio is higher in N-E2 1'G but lower in H-E2 KO. NeuN (a mature n e llro삐 marker) a ncl BrdU-dollble positive cells is lUore in N- E2 TG bllt GFAP (a glial cell marker) ancl BrdU- dollble positive cells is more in ]-]- E2 KO. compa recl to WT 4wks after BrclU is aclmin istratecl one ti me per c1ay for 5days‘ Migrating c1egree of BrdU-positive cells is lower in N-E2 TG but higher in ]-]-E2 KO 4wks after BrclU is administratecl one t ime per day for 5days. Active casepase 3-positive cells is more in ]-]DG 01' the N-E2 TG but no changes in ]-]-E2 KO. 4 wks after CAG- GFP- PRE vector was inj ected in hippocampus. GFP-positive new born n e urons from aclult neural stem cell have less c1endritic branches in N-E2 1'G but more c1endritic branches in H-E2 KO‘ comparecl to the WT From these results. Emx2 transcription factor inhibits adult neurogenesis f'rom nellral stem cell of HDG throllgh reducing neural stem cell proliferation. new born cell survival. ce ll migration. ancl matllrat ion

A case of a distinctive variety of basalαd squamous cell carcinoma (B8CC) of the floor of mouth is described Histologic evaluation of the tumor showed lobules and aggregates of medium-sized basaloid cells with distinctive periph eral palisading and focal areas of comedo- necrosis. This appearance together with microcystic spaces simulated that of an adenoid cystic carcinoma. Accompanying epithelial dysplasia of the overlying mucosa was found. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor revealed diffuse strong expression for cytokeratin AE1/3, focally positive for Epithelial Membrane Antigen in the inner cells of tubular structures However, CEA, 8-100, smooth muscle actin, and vimentin were negative. The histologic differential diagnosis considered were adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma Immunohistochemistry and awareness of this unusual pattern of B8CC will facilitate the correct diagnosis being reached.

Bisphosphonates have been widely used to treat metabolic bone diseases, although the . mechanism of bisphosphonate action on bone has not been fully understood. This study aimed to examine the direct action of pamidronate on cell proliferation and differentiation of cultured human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSC). Four experimental groups and two control groups were designed; Experimental groups included both osteogenic supplement(OS) and pamidronate-treated group, pamidronate-treated group after 1 week OS treatment, only pamidronate-treated group, OS-treated group after 1week pamidronate treatrnent. Control gr。니ps included DMEMtreated group and OS-treated group. Human MSCs were isolate from bone maπow ， and cultured for 7, 14, 21 days. For the detection of osteoblastic differentiation, AI.Pase activity was measured and the expression of type 1 collagen and osteocalcin were evaluated. Von Kossa’s silver stain was performed for the examination of calcification. As results, the proliferation rate of 바1SC was maintained to be more than 90% by 1uglml of pamidronate. AI.Pase activity showed the highest value at the concentration of 100nglml of pamidronate. In pamidronate-treated group, ALPase activity reached a peak at the third week and the expression of type 1 collagen mRNA and protein was enhanced compared to other experimental and control groups, whereas osteocalcin expression was found only in OStreated group. Calcification was decreased by a dose dependent manner followed by pamidronate treatment. This study su잃，est that pamidronate treatrnent may be able to enhance the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC at the early stage. On the other hand, calcification appeared to be inhibited by pamidronate treatrnent.