This study is for figuring out major components of construction quality infrastructure and suggesting improvement plan by benchmarking global best practice model and analyzing gap between the model and sample practice. Based on improvement plan, researcher could derive major characters and components of construction quality infrastructure, and also about the priority among core competency components of construction quality experts. The result showed that the 'human resource' was ranked the best priority followed by 'method' 'environment', 'equipment' among major characters and components of construction quality infrastructure. Also, for core competency components of construction quality experts, 'number of years in work places' was the best priority, and the 'professional knowledge on engineering' was another priority ranked. Far from general perception on competency components, 'academic education' ranked the last. It may allude that the current education system in this country is not effective in developing competency of quality engineers. In summary, this study shows professionalism of quality engineer is the most important thing in all the components.

건설현장에서 주로 사용하는 주요 가설기자재 규격에 대한 표준을 정하고 성능에 대한 신뢰를 확보하기 위하여 1992년 처음 도입된 가설기자재 성능검정제도는 2009년 안전인증제도로 변경되어 산업안전보건법 제34조(안전인증) 및 제35조(자율안전확인의 신고)에 근거하여 가설기자재 제조업체의 기술능력과 생산체계, 제품의 성능을 종합적으로 심사하고 안전인증기준에 적합 여부를 검증하여 안전인증표시(마크)를 사용할 수 있도록 하는 제도이다. 성능검정제도는 가설기자재 30종에 대해 제품의 성능만을 시험하여 합격증을 교부하였으나 2009년 1월 1일부터 의무안전인증 가설기자재 12종 33품목과 자율안전확인 신고 가설기자재 8종에 대해서 기술능력 및 생산체계와 제품의 성능을 심사하여 인증서를 교부하는 것으로 변경되었다. 가설기자재의 안전성 및 제품의 신뢰도 향상으로 건설공사 품질 및 안전이 확보됨에도 불구하고 일시적이며 부수적으로 사용되는 자재인 것으로 여겨져 가설기자재의 안전성 확보를 위한 관심과 노력은 매우 미흡하였다. 가설기자재에 대한 관심이 소홀한 가운데 안전성 여부를 확인하기 어려운 재사용가설재가 폭 넓게 사용되고 가설기자재의 가격경쟁이 심화됨에 따라 저가의 재료를 사용한 불법 가설기자재를 생산․유통하는 등 가설기자재 제도 전반에 불법적인 행위가 빈번히 이루어지고 있어 가설기자재 관련 제도와 제품에 대한 안전성과 신뢰의 문제가 다시 제기되고, 향후 가설기자재의 신소재(강화플라스틱 등) 및 신제품(접이식 틀비계 등) 등이 도입될 경우 현행 기준으로는 안전인증 또는 자율안전 확인을 받기 어려우므로 빠르게 진행되는 건설환경 변화에 적절하게 대응하지 못한다는 문제점 또한 제기되고 있다. 가설기자재 관련 문제점들과 제반 현황이 가설기자재를 제조하고 유통하고 사용하는 이해당사자간 신뢰를 잃고 있어 이해당사자간에도 제도 개선을 통한 가설기자재 시장의 정화와 개선이 필요하다는 공감대가 형성되고 있다. 따라서 정부는 가설기자재 관련 문제점을 종합적으로 검토하고 개선하기 위하여 다양한 방향으로 제도개선을 추진하고 있으며, 이와 같은 추진 대책의 일환으로 가설기자재 인증표시 기준에 관한 개선방안 마련을 위하여 가설기자재 생산․유통 및 사용 실태를 파악하고 가설기자재 관련 이해당사자 및 전문가의 의견 수렴 등을 통하여 가설기자재 인증표시 기준을 합리적으로 개선하고 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 건설산업에서 중요한 역할을 분담하고 있는 가설기자재의 안전성 향상과 신뢰성 회복을 위한 합리적인 개선방안을 도출하여 산업안전보건법령의 제‧개정에 반영할 필요가 있다.

Despite increasing public concern following mass media coverage regarding the risk of radon to human health and the need to control it, there remains a lack of infrastructure for measuring and mitigating radon. Against this backdrop, this paper is part of an effort to formulate an environment-management framework that can help resolve environmental issues relating to radon, ease fears regarding the associated risks, and provide radon-specific quality services. This study aimed to suggest locally applicable measures for training experts specializing in the fields of measuring and mitigating radon mainly based on US cases in which radon measurement and mitigation certification programs have been systematically run and supervised. Given the lack of both awareness on radon and experts in Korean circumstances, it is necessary to come up with a scheme to develop a radon-specific education program and a framework for expert accreditation. Thus, as groundwork for their introduction considering local circumstances, top-down measures led by the relevant department of government-led organizations, which will act as the control tower, should first be implemented to best utilize the insufficient human resources in this area. In addition, more systematic and detailed educational programs and an expert certification system need to be developed in accordance with the established foundations, and to support their consistent operation, a relevant administrative system should be constructed.

ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems-Requirements has been revised in 2015. It has been updated four times since its publication in 1987. It is the most widely used International Standard in the world. There are over one million companies and organizations in over 170 countries certified to ISO 9001 from an ISO survey. Organizations are supposed to be certified to this new version by late 2018. The key changes in ISO 9001:2015 are to establish a High Level Structure (HLS) and focus on Risk-Based Thinking (RBT). Risk-Based Thinking means the process approach to decide how risk is addressed in establishing the processes to improve process outputs and prevent undesirable results. It pursues process planning and controls based on risks so that organizations can improve the effectiveness of the quality management system. It maintains and manages a Quality Management System that inherently addresses risks and meets objectives. In this article we firstly attempt to explain how to understand the fundamental concept of Risk-Based Thinking which is a systematic approach to consider risks rather than treating prevention as a separate component of a Quality Management System. We comment on the detailed requirements that contain risks in ISO 9001:2015 clauses. We also summarize recent advances on the risk assessment and management in line with ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines. We finally propose the practical risk management procedures for implementing ISO 9001:2015 with an emphasis on RBT. This article would contribute to help quality managers and practitioners convert to ISO 9001:2015.

Electrical product safety certification is for public safety. Korea electrical safety certification (KC) is being tested and certified on the base of Korean electrical appliance safety act and KC scheme. There are operating system and Electrical safety standards in the KC scheme. KC' operating system was adapted from japan operating system of Japan certification scheme. But KC certification' electrical safety standard was adapted from IEC standards of IECEE CB scheme. So There are many problems such as difference of version between KC standards and IEC standards, discrepancy between operating system and standards. Therefore, This paper analyzed the reason of discrepancy and proposed the improved KC certification operating system in order to reduce cost and to save time in the procedure of issuing KC approval for public safety in using electrical products and also for global competence.

Internet technology now allows products and services to be purchased through online or mobile shopping. Many firms open online and mobile stores or establish social network services to meet changing customer desires. Despite the convenience of online shopping, customers are often uncertain about product quality because they cannot see or touch products. Consequently, firms may use various certifications that assure product quality such as KC in the Republic of Korea, CE in Europe, and UL in the United States. In addition, consumers are becoming increasingly concerned that the fashion industry presents threats to the environment and well-being. In response, fashion manufacturers are turning to the use of organic, eco-friendly, sustainable fabrics. Most studies about organic manufacturing have focused on the food industry, but we contend that clothing is similar to the organic food industry in the importance of certification that guarantees whether products are produced organically. In this study, we focus on how consumers rely on certification when they search for information and purchase organic clothes for infants. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our results.

CE RCD (Recreational Craft Directive) is a certification for the design and construction of small vessels, including pleasure yachts, which are widely used not only in the countries within the European Union, but also in Japan and Southeast Asia. Recently, South Korean leisure craft shipyards have developed interest in exporting to foreign leisure craft markets such as Europe; however, they have encountered difficulties because of the CE RCD regulations, which are relatively complex and difficult to understand. The requirements for buoyancy and stability, which are essential properties that must be understood within the early stage of ship design, are defined based on ISO 12217. However, preparing this assessment according to ship classification regulations is an exceedingly complex task, even with knowledge of naval architecture. In this research, we have developed design support tools to systematically support assessments and preemptively define design information so that buoyancy and stability assessments based on ISO 12217 can be systematically prepared. Our research results were applied to actual examples of yacht design to confirm validity. We believe that the improved yacht design process presented in this research can act as a foundational reference for enhancing the effectiveness and systematic buoyancy and stability assessments.

본 연구는 융복합기술을 사용하여 국내 자동차 산업의 배터리 및 전기시스템과 수상레저기구 중 접근이 용이한 수상오토바이를 결합하여 전기 동력 추진식 수상오토바이 개발과 전기 동력 추진식 수상오토바이 실용화를 위한 등록 및 제작을 위해 전기 동력 추진식 수상오토바이의 안전검사 기준(안)과 형식승인 기준(안)을 개발하였다. 전기 동력 추진식 수상 오토바이 인증기준은 기존 내연기관 동력 수상오토바이의 인증기준과 선박 전기 시스템과 관련된 인증기준을 기본으로 구조 및 시스템 설치 안과 전기시스템 안의 두 분류로 구분을 하였고, 최종적으로 안전검사 기준(안)과 형식승인 기준(안)으로 개발하였다. 안전검사 기준(안)의 내용은 총 7개의 범주로 구분되어 수상오토바이의 안전한 운행을 위한 설비의 확인을 목적으로 작성되었고, 형식승인 기준(안)은 총 7개의 범주로 구분되어 수상오토바이의 안전한 제작을 위한 목적으로 작성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 친환경 수상오토바이 제작의 환경 조성과 전기동력 추진 선박의 인증기준에 대한 정책 수립 기초 자료로 활용이 가능하다.

Indonesia is facing a serious problem in education. The problem is reflected in the form of low learning outcomes as shown by low PISA and TIMMS scores compared to other students of PISA and TIMMS participating countries. These results are believed to have correlation with the low quality of teachers. The Teachers and Lectures Law No. 14 Year 2005 requires teachers to be competent by mastering the four teacher competencies, i.e. pedagogical competency, personal competency, social competency, and professional competency. However, only a few are regarded as competent. Since the quality of teachers is the most important factor in improving the quality of education, the Indonesian government held a teacher certification program to increase the quality of education in Indonesia by improving teacher quality, accompanied by the provision of a professional allowance equivalent to one month’s base wage. By 2015 all teachers have been certified and only certified teachers are allowed to teach in Indonesia.

목 적: 한국안경광학과 평가인증원 설립에 관한 타당성과 향후 평가인증원의 설립과 운영정책 및 방향 설정의 기초자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방 법: 2015년도 12월 5일부터 15일간 전국의 안경광학과 교수 91명(남자 31명(34.1%), 여자 60명 (65.9%))을 대상으로 구조화된 검사지(Structured Questionnaire)를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문 지는 SPSS 15.0 사회과학통계프로그램을 이용하여, 빈도분석, 평균 등의 통계분석을 실시하였다. 결 과: 안경광학과 평가인증원의 설립이 필요하다는 응답이 72명(80.5%), 아니오가 16명(17.8%)으로 나 타났으며, 평가인증원 설립의 필요성은 타 기관에서 설립되어 운영되는 경우 안경광학과의 정체성 위협에 대비하여 필요가 35명(47.9%), 의료 직종과의 업무범위 논의 및 업무범위 확대를 위해 필요가 20명(27.4%), 교육품질 향상을 위해 필요가 13명(17.8%)으로 나타났다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과를 통해 고등교육법이 개정됨으로써 의료인 양성 교육과정을 운영하는 대학은 의무적 으로 평가인증에 받아야 함에 따라 타 직종과 차별화된 선제적인 대응을 위해 안경광학과 평가인증원 설립이 필요하며, 장기적으로는 안경광학과의 교육에 대한 지속적인 품질 개선 및 보증을 위해 한국안경광학과 평가 인증원 설립이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 한국안경광학과 평가인증원의 설립형태 및 구성방법은 독립적이 고 객관적인 업무 수행이 가능한 독립법인형태와 인적구성을 희망하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

With the increasing awareness of health and environmental preservation, consumers turn their attention to organic and eco-friendly products. The increased service industry incurred partly by sophistication of industrial structure has resulted in having the service industry subject to environmental certification in a bid to promote sustainable production and consumption, which has contributed to reducing environment loads and energy costs as well as the amount of wastes. The gradually increasing maternity care centers have elevated environment loads and caused a variety of diseases due to a lack of health control and improper treatment of chemical substances. Against this backdrop, this study aims to develop evaluation criteria for an official certification of organic maternity care centers and to present the basic operational proposals through a comparative analysis of organic and eco-friendly industrial certification programs. Due to the absence of studies on certification programs for organic maternity care centers, this study has conducted a comparative analysis of overseas certifications, including Organic SPA, GRA, and Nordic Swan, and domestic eco-friendly hotel service certification standards. The evaluation areas have been classified into 19 or less categories, including 19 items for Organic SPA, 8 items for GRA, 7 items for Nordic Swan and 7 items for eco-friendly hotel service certification, and common evaluation areas have been grouped into categories and health control and education management that are considered important in maternity care centers have been incorporated into evaluation areas, which has eventually produced six different categories. When it comes to selecting evaluation indicators for different categories, what are neither used in nor applicable to maternity care centers have been excluded and similar items have been combined and eventually 41 preliminary evaluation indicators have been selected following in-depth interviews with relevant professionals. Further researches into developing the evaluation system to properly evaluate and certify organic maternity care centers through in-depth interviews and surveys among operators of maternity care centers and relevant professionals will be appreciated.

KC Mark is one of the country's integrated legal force to the minimum mandatory certification mark system for safety. That is absolutely needed for manufacturing and sales of goods in Korea. This thesis intended to see what is prevalent for both imports and domestic products for illegal and defect and rebuild the ecosystem as soon as possible for the healthy development through public awareness. In this theses point out the seriousness of the problem based on the various kinds of press releases, data of KCA(Korea Consumer Agency), MOTIE(Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy) and KCA(Korea Customs Service) to the problem of certification system of KC mark and propose a solution to that issue. This study is considered to make befit the nation's place in the world and sustainable development is possible about the system of certification KC. This study expect more research on this issue in order to make enhance the confidence of KC mark

ISO 9001, quality management system, is widely known as advancing internal efficiency and productivity in various industry. As a result, the number of companies that have adopted ISO 9001’s certification have been increasing continuously year by year since ISO 9000’ family standard was published in 1987s. This fact shows that a lot of businesses are trying to get the accreditation for improving the competitiveness of quality. The purpose of this study is to present that ISO 9001’s certification motives affect to the requirement’s implementation and show that the execution of requirements influences on management performance in the small manufacturer. In order to carry out this research, we obtained 96 survey sheets and inspected twenty assumptions based on the reliability, validity of the questionnaires. The results of regression analysis are summarized as follows; First, the factors of certification motive influence on the requirement’s implementation except resources management. Second, the two elements of ISO 9001 requirement, resources management and product realization, have an important effect on the operational performance and financial performance considerably in the companies that choose the internal motive. Finally, the two requisites of ISO 9001 requirement, resources management and measurement, analysis and improvement, affect to the operational performance and financial performance significantly in the businesses that select the external motive. Based on the results, the companies that choose the internal motive have a good performance to execute the ISO 9001 requirements. Also, to implement the requirements of ISO 9001 is helpful for the companies to produce the operational and financial performance.

This study was to identify the effect of the satisfaction of certification, the educational use of the company offering certificate, the system of confirmation of the same model and the demographic aspect on the companies to see if compulsory certification(KC certificate) has negative effects on company management. First, the satisfaction of certification could reflect positive influences on company management. Second, there is no statistical significance in the education from the company offering certificate as a result of analyzing relationships but education is required and has an effect on improving quality according to the result of frequency analysis. Last, the system to declare by identifying the same model has a difference in significance in sales account, the development of products and warranty service for products.

For the sustainable development, companies are making a lot of efforts such as activities of sales increase and cost reduction. Among these, efforts to use limited resources efficiently and effectively is still being made steadily. And many methods for management innovation are being introduced and used. However there were partial or temporary effects only. So there are not enough to achieve operations performance to cover the entire system. Therefore, in order to maximize performance or to improve sustainability across the companies, it is necessary to rebuild the existing system with process perspective not with existing functional perspective. This study was performed to achieve the objective that is operation performance improvement of certification body. So literature review was researched and analyed about the process innovation and the process approach. And basic model which is compatible with ISO/IEC 17021 requirement for the certification body was established in this study. Based on this model, one of the certification body was selected and operation system for this organization was established, documented and implemented through the process approach method. In the result, operations performance of certification body on the side of efficiency and effectiveness is analyzed and the effect of reconstruction of system on operations performance was figu

This study analyzed that the infant carrier standard affects the satisfaction of certification. Baby Carrier Safety requirements in the Republic of Korea is enforceable by court duty certification. Therefore, a test was conducted to compare with the safety requirements of the United States and Europe and the survey was conducted to know how much manufacturers and importers are satisfied with the certification. According to the test result, there is a difference between domestic and foreign safety requirements about flame retardancy. As a result of the survey, The satisfaction of the certification is proportionate to the one of product standard.

Many advanced treatment processes have been introduced to WTPs, however, the consumer confidence on tap water is still low and the percentage of drinking water directly from the tap is less than 2 %. One of the methods to improve the credibility of tap water is to introduce a drinking water certification system. By introducing the system, water treatment processes can be optimized, which in turn, can significantly improve drinking water quality. In this paper, 6 water quality parameters(i.e., turbidity, CT, residual chlorine, geosmin, 2-MIB, Mn) which have significant influences on tap water quality and consumer confidence were identified, and their recommended guidelines were proposed. 3-Star or 5-Star certification can be awarded to the WTPs which have met the certification criteria. The drinking water certification system can be carried out as a voluntary program among drinking water suppliers.

Farm animal welfare means how a farm animal is living with the proper conditions. In modern society, farm animal welfare is essential for sustainable development and humane production of livestock. The initial concept of animal welfare was started from England based on five freedoms, and the animal welfare guideline of OIE (Office International des Epizooties) had become an international standard for animal welfare. OIE’s guideline dealing with transportation, disease prevention and appropriate veterinary treatment, shelter, management and nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter of farm animal. For the settlement of farm animal welfare, it is necessary to introduce the animal welfare certification standards considering domestic situation, based on the guidelines of OIE standards. The purpose of this review was to; firstly, evaluate global status of farm animal welfare and secondly, suggest several plans for settlement of farm animal welfare in South Korea.

The purpose of the study is to determine how consumers perceive certification marks for agricultural products. The study examined three agricultural product certifications, such as the certification of environment-friendly agricultural products, Good Agricultural Procuts (GAP) certification mark, and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) certification mark. A survey was utilized for data collection from adults over the age of 19 in November, 2013. A total of 390 questionnaires were distributed, and 300 of those were obtained for an analysis of the study. The results were as follows. First, consumers' awareness of, image of, and credibility on the agricultural products with the certification marks were not significantly different among the three certification marks except consumers’ awareness. Second, consumers’ purchase intentions for and willingness to pay for the agricultural products with the certification marks were not significantly different among the three certification marks. Third, these variables were not significantly different between buying group and non-buying group except consumers’ awareness. Lastly, buying group and non-buying group were significantly different only in gender and marital status. The findings offer implications to the food and food service industry regarding consumers’ purchase of certified agricultural products. Further, the study enforces the roles of food industry for environment.