본 논문은 미국의 대 아프리카 외교정책을 분석하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 미국과 아프리카 관계가 그동안 큰 진전을 보이지 못한 요인들이 무엇인지 살펴보고 있다. 일부 전문가들은 미국과 아프리카의 협력이 포괄적이며 꾸 준히 진전되고 있다고 주장한다. 그러나 이 논문은 미국이 아프리카에 대한 장기적이고 전략적인 정책과 비전이 부재하기 때문에 미국과 아프리카 관계 는 발전하지 못하고 있다는 점을 지적하였다. 9/11테러 이전 미국의 대아프 리카 정책은 인도주의적인 원조와 초국가적 범죄, 테러, 그리고 고질적인 질병 치료 지원 단기적인 협력과 같은 분야에만 국한되었다. 그러나 9/11테 러 이후 미국은 테러의 확산과 안보 위협의 증가를 막고, 지정학적, 경제적 으로 중요한 지역에 대한 통제, 그리고 자원과 시장에 대한 이유로 아프리 카에 대해 적극적으로 개입하기 시작하였고, 그 결과 미국의 아프리카에 대 한 직접 투자의 증가, 아프리카의 정치, 보건, 민주화의 개선 등이 이루어지 고 있다. 현재 미국과 아프리카 관계는 후원자와 고객 사이의 관계에서 동 등한 협력 방식으로 변화하고 있으며 이러한 추세는 지속될 것이다.

In order to achieve its vision of an empowered society and a growing economy by December 2018, Zimbabwe, through its ZimAsset economic blueprint (Government of Zimbabwe, 2013) has planned to resuscitate and recapitalise the local industry. Like other nations, Zimbabwe’s industrialised economy is growing quickly and becoming one that embraces information communication technologies. Mathematics education and mathematical literacy feature high on the list of factors that can lead to growth in industry and a vibrant economy. This study therefore sought to explore the challenges and prospects of secondary mathematics education and industry synergies for socio-economic transformation in Zimbabwe. Data were generated from semi-structured interviews carried out in a previous study with 28 conveniently selected parents and with two parents in this current study. Open-ended questionnaires (questaviews) were given to ten purposively selected employers, two conveniently chosen science and mathematics education inspectors and ten randomly selected secondary school mathematics teachers in Gweru District, Zimbabwe. It was found that parents and employers strongly voiced the importance of mathematics in industry and for the country at large and offered suggestions on curriculum changes which they wished to be implemented. Employers were unhappy with the mathematics education system in Zimbabwe, which focused more on theory and less on practical work, attachment and fieldwork. It was concluded that shortages of material and financial resources, negative attitude of stakeholders and lack of a proper policy were the challenges that could hinder implementation of mathematics education-industry synergies. Some of the recommendations were that the Government should come up with a national policy on a mathematics curriculum that links classroom-gained knowledge with students’ careers because it will lead to the economic, scientific and technological development of the country. It was also recommended that employers work together with the teachers involved in students’ assessment and attachment and help students produce goods and artefacts for sale and the sustenance of their communities. This would be in line with constructivism and education with production principles.

The objectives of this study are to understand the meaning of cloud accounting, to investigate whether it is favorable for performance of the organization and what are the challenges if a country like Bangladesh wants to implement it. Primary data have been collected from 300 respondents selected from the field of accounting, such as accountants, accounting graduates of different universities, teachers and bankers. To measure the reliability and validity of the sample size and data, KMO and Bartlett’s test have been adopted and the results proved to be reliable and valid for the study. Regression analysis has been done to find out the positive impact of cloud accounting on organizational performance and negative impact of cloud accounting on existing accounting system of the organization. The results of regression analysis supported our alternative hypotheses that cloud accounting can improve organizational performance, but it has also some negative impacts. Descriptive statistics have been used to find out the probable challenges that may be faced by organizations that want to implement it. This is a pioneering study because there is little research on this topic, thus it is expected to develop awareness about cloud accounting in field of accounting in Bangladesh.

Purpose – The research aimed to reveal real decisional behavioral of management institutes in India for social media marketing usage, and analyses of empirical elements of social media consumption pattern. Research design, data, and methodology – The investigation was based around a research methodology using quantitative analysis with appropriate statistical techniques on random surveys of consumers, detailed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are applied to assess the empirical validity of the model and multiple regression employed using R studio edition to validate the reliability of the developed models. Results – A new conceptual framework is proposed – the management institutions decision model, providing a tool for effective and more focused decision-making strategies for developing better utilization techniques for social media. Management institutions have different requirements based upon objectives and resources available. The evidence suggests that the administrators need to be more aware of consumer indicators when targeting and designing social media marketing strategy. Conclusions – The research was based on samples and not the entire population of target consumers, providing limitations. As an inferential statistical method was chosen, the results might be susceptible to inaccuracy. The model developed from different age users, thereby providing rich perspectives into social media usage pattern.