To investigate the impact of forestry projects on the carbon stocks of forests, we estimated the carbon stock change of above-ground and soil before and after forestry projects using forest type maps, forestry project information, and soil information. First, we selected six map sheet with large areas and declining age class based on forest type map information. Then, we collected data such as forest type maps, growth coefficients, soil organic matter content, and soil bulk density of the estimated areas to calculate forest carbon storage. As a result, forest carbon stocks decreased by about 34.1~70.0% after forestry projects at all sites. In addition, compared to reference studies, domestic forest soils store less carbon than the above-ground, so it is judged that domestic forest soils have great potential to store more carbon and strategies to increase carbon storage are needed. It was estimated that the amount of carbon stored before forestry projects is about 1.5 times more than after forestry projects. The study estimated that it takes about 27 years for forests to recover to their pre-thinning carbon stocks following forestry projects. Since it takes a long time for forests to recover to their original carbon stocks once their carbon stocks are reduced by physical damage, it is necessary to plan to preserve them as much as possible, especially for highly conservative forests, so that they can maintain their carbon storage function.

This experiment investigated the effects of feed additives of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQN) extract on Landrace pigs on economic traits such as the quality, physiological characteristics, and productivity. Sixteen pigs with an average age of 154 days were selected as experimental subjects. The experiment was conducted by dividing the group into eight pigs for the supplementation group, feeding with SQN extract, and another eight for the control group feeding without SQN extract. Water was fed ad libitum. On the 30th day, there was no significant difference between meat quality and productivity. However, the glucose and thyroxine were statistically lower with the supplementation group than with the control group (p<0.05). Also, the levels of creatinine difference between 1.18 ± 0.12 ㎎/㎗ with the supplementation group and 0.70 ± 0.06 ㎎/㎗ with the control group (p<0.05). However, all serum biochemistry values were within a normal range, with no health problems. The present study will help solve the problem of reducing the diversity of plant species in Halla Mountain by increasing the availability of the SQN as a pig feed additive.

Mushrooms have a unique taste and aroma, so in the processing of mushroom products with other ingredients, a separate pre-processing step is often taken to eliminate the mushroom aroma. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the concentration of volatile compounds according to drying conditions to promote the activation of processing using the fruiting bodies of yellow oyster mushrooms(Pleurotus citrinopileatus) and pink oyster mushrooms(P. djamor). The caps and stipes of yellow oyster and pink oyster mushrooms were separated and freeze-dried at -70oC for 120 hours. Subsequently, they were hot air-dried at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70oC for 24, 24, 16, and 12 hours, respectively. The dried samples were pulverized and quantitatively analyzed by SPME-GC-MS. In the case of yellow oyster mushrooms, the concentration of t-2-nonenal in caps and stipes during freeze-drying was 164.43 g/g d.w. and 174.80 g/g d.w., respectively, whereas during hot air-drying, it significantly decreased to 0.35~3.41 g/g d.w. and 0.98~59.88 g/g d.w. In a similar manner, for pink oyster mushrooms, the concentration of 1-octen-3-ol during freeze-drying in caps and stipes was 31.05 g/g d.w. and 176.17 g/g d.w., respectively, whereas during hot air-drying, it significantly decreased to 1.59~9.66 g/g d.w. and 1.96~15.77 g/g d.w. Furthermore, most volatile compounds showed a tendency to decrease in concentration as the temperature during hot air-drying increased.

Indonesia is a disaster-prone archipelagic country and one of the world's largest emitters. Climate change has increased the risk of disasters in Indonesia, such as rising sea levels leading to floods. This is undoubtedly a threat to the Indonesian population in coastal areas and small islands. They will be forced to become Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) if sea levels continue to rise and drown their houses. The number of IDPs in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. While IDPs have a legal status and are entitled to protection from the state, there is unfortunately no specific provision for IDPs due to climate disasters in Indonesia. This article examines the legal protection afforded to IDPs in Indonesia as a result of climate-related disasters; deals with the existing legal framework for IDPs; and assesses its adequacy in addressing the specific challenges faced by climate-related IDPs.

본 연구의 목적은 재료분야 국내 공동특허의 공동 출원인 정보를 이용하여 연구협력 네트워크의 구조, 특징, 진화를 탐구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 재료 기술분야(금속, 세라믹, 고분자 등 6개 기술분야) 및 혁신주체(산업계, 학계, 연구계)의 네트워크 구조 및 동태를 정량적으로 분석하며, 2010년∼2021년까지 한국의 공동특허 데이터를 활용하여 소셜 네트워크 분석(SNA)을 사용한다. 분석결과, 재료분야는 세부기술별로 네트워크의 차별점이 존재하며, 산업계, 학계, 연구계 등 혁신주체별 협력 강도의 명백한 단계별 특성을 가진다. 연구협력 네트워크의 규모는 점차 확장되어 ‘작은 세계’ 구조를 보여주고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 재료 정책 관점에서 지금까지 시행된 재료분야 산학연 협력 정책의 효과를 파악하는데 정책적 시사점을 제공함과 동시에, 보다 효과적인 재료 혁신주체 간의 네트워크를 구축하기 위한 근거 기반의 정책 수립에 도움이 될 수 있다.

이 논문은 브라스에서 리듬 그루브의 영향을 끼치는 요소들을 분석하여 연주자와 프로듀서들이 좀 더 다양하고 그루브한 연주를 하는 것에 도움이 되는 것을 목적으로 연구되었다. 연구 방법은 그루브에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 요소 중에서 브라스에 적용 가능한 음정의 변화, 음길이의 변화, 음역대의 변화, 악센트의 변화, 전체 볼륨의 변화, BPM(빠르기)의 변화, 톤의 변화 총 7개 요소를 각각 변화가 없는 기준 샘플과 변화된 음원 샘플로 만들어 실험군에게 듣게 한 후 리듬 그루브의 변화를 가장 크게 느낀 요소를 선택하는 방식으로 제작 되었다. 연구 결과 리듬 그루브의 변화에 가장 많이 영향을 끼치는 요소 중 유의미한 상위 3개의 결과는 음길이의 변화 (54.5%), 악센트의 변화 (22.8%), BPM의 변화 (13.9%)로 도출됐으며 그 중 음길이의 변화 (54.5%)가 압도적으로 높게 나타났다. 흥미로운 것은 악센트와 빠르기(bpm)의 변화에서 보컬 전공은 각각 15%, 10%로 기악, 작곡전공의 8%, 4%에 비해 리듬 그루브의 변화를 더 느낀 것으로 결과가 도출되었다.

이 논문은 가창에서 리듬 그루브의 영향을 끼치는 요소들을 분석하여 가수와 디렉터 그리고 프 로듀서들이 좀 더 다양하고 그루브한 연주가 가능할 수 있도록 하는 목적을 갖고 연구되었다. 연구 방법은 그루브에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 요소인 음길이, 악센트, 빠르기, 음정, 전체 음의 크 기, 딕션, 화성, 타이밍 중에서 가창에 적용 가능한 요소인 음역대의 변화, 음정의 변화, BPM(빠 르기)의 변화, 음길이의 변화, 악센트의 변화, 딕션의 변화, 전체 볼륨의 변화 총 7개 요소를 변 화가 없는 기준 샘플과 변화된 음원 샘플로 만들어 실험군에게 듣게 한 후 리듬 그루브의 변화에 가장 크게 영향을 준 요소를 선택하는 설문 방식으로 제작 되었다. 실험은 음악 전공자등의 전문 가 110명이 참여하였으며 전공은 보컬, 기타, 베이스 기타, 건반, 드럼, 프로듀싱(작곡, 미디, 디렉터)으로 나누어 실험을 진행 하였다.연구 결과 가창에서 리듬 그루브의 변화에 가장 많이 영 향을 끼치는 요소 중 유의미한 상위 4개의 결과는 음길이의 변화 (41.8%), BPM의 변화 (25.5%), 악센트의 변화 (19.1%), 딕션의 변화 (8.2%)순으로 나타났다. 흥미로운 것은 보컬과 기악, 작곡의 상위 3개 요소 선택 비율을 비교했을 때 보컬의 음길이와 BPM의 선택 비율이 각각 29.9%와 19%로 기악, 작곡의 13%, 6%에 비해 압도적으로 높은 결과를 확인할 수 있다.

The concept of deep geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste is based on an engineered barrier system (EBS), including a canister, bentonite buffer and backfill material. The bentonite buffer is key component of the EBS to prevent groundwater infiltration and radionuclide leakage. However, the bentonite buffer can become saturated due to groundwater flow through the excavation damaged zone in the adjacent rock, causing erosion of bentonite buffer and affecting the long-term performance of EBS. While the RH (relative humidity) sensor is commonly used to assess the degree of saturation in the bentonite buffer, it has a critical challenge due to its sensor size, which can disturb the overall integrity of the bentonite buffer during the initial installation process. In contrasts, the electrical resistivity test, widely known as a non-destructive method, is used to predict soil properties such as the degree of saturation and water contents. This method measures the electric resistance of materials using electric current induced by electric potential difference between two electrodes. Notably, there is no study that assess the integrity of bentonite buffer in a nuclear waste repository using electrical resistivity measurement. This study presents the electrical resistance numerical module under steady state using commercial finite element method (FEM), and quantitatively estimate the change of electrical resistance according to saturation and erosion of bentonite buffer. Furthermore, the electric potential and current density distribution formed between two electrodes are analyzed.