This study was conducted to establish the type and method of fertilization for no-tillage during the third year of No-tillage (NT) and Conventional-tillage (CT) practices, towards different kinds of fertilizers. In this experiment, the livestock manure showed higher in response to fertilizer effects of no-tillage. Comparing growth characteristics and yield in NT and CT. Regarding yield, there is no significant between livestock fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, but between livestock fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in conventional fertilization has significant differences. Based on the result, livestock fertilizer is effective way on the quantity of the crop. Nitrogen absorption of plant in livestock of no-tillage is more effective than conventional fertilization. In case of the phosphorus absorption and potassium absorption of plant, fertilizer effect has no significant. Nitrogen is highly absorbed in livestock fertilization of NT. Absorption of phosphorus and potassium are similar.

This experiment was conducted to assess changes to the chemical properties of soil and applicability in a case of rice cultivation with organic fertilizers. The investigator applied organic fertilizers to rice cultivation for five years to examine changes to the chemical properties of soil and found that the experiment group of organic fertilizers made an ongoing increase in pH, organism content, and available phosphate content annually compared with the control group with no big differences according to the amounts of organic fertilizers used. As for the yield components, there were no statistical differences in the number of spikelets and grain filling rate between the experiment group of organic fertilizers and the control group. The experiment group recorded a higher level in 1,000 seeds weight and yield than the control group. Experiment Group 4 recorded the highest level at 29.11 kg of 1,000 seeds weight. Experiment Groups 3 and 4, which used 222 kg and 267 kg per 10 a, respectively, recorded 576 kg and 572 kg of yield, respectively, which were 4.7% and 4.1% higher than 549 kg of control group, respectively. As for the quality of brown rice, there were no statistical differences in the head rice percentage between the control and experiment group, both of which were in the range of 83.2-85.7%. As for the protein content, Experiment Groups 3 and 4, both of which used a lot of organic fertilizers, were in the range of 6.9-7.1%, which was lower than 7.5% of control group. Those findings indicate that the long-term application of organic fertilizers can improve the chemical properties of soil and increase the yield more than the conventional method of fertilizer application. The findings also suggest that it will be effective to apply 222 kg of organic fertilizers or more per 10 a.

The present study was conducted to establish the optimal fertilization type and method for no-tillage during the first year of No-tillage (NT) and Conventional-tillage (CT) practices for soybean, using different types of fertilizers. In this experiment, the culm length and stalk diameter showed a greater response to fertilization with surface irrigation than to conventional fertilization. The fastest flowering period (July 28) occurred using chemical fertilization applied via subsurface irrigation. Comparing maturation based on growth characteristics and flowering date revealed that fertilization with subsurface irrigation was more effective for the growth of crops than other methods. Regarding yield, there was no significant difference between livestock and chemical fertilizers in subsurface irrigation, but there were significant differences between these fertilizers when using conventional fertilization methods. Based on the results, livestock fertilizer with subsurface irrigation effectively enhanced crop quantity. Nitrogen absorption of plants using subsurface irrigation was more effective than that using conventional fertilization. Regarding phosphorus absorption of plants, chemical fertilizers showed higher absorption than did livestock fertilizers for both subsurface irrigation and conventional fertilization. Unlike nitrogen, phosphorus was highly absorbed using conventional fertilization. Absorption of phosphorus and potassium were similar but phosphorus was not absorbed using livestock fertilizers applied either using subsurface irrigation or with conventional fertilization.

The purpose of this study is identify chemical changes in yield components of soil using organic fertilizer for cultivating rice and establish reasonable methods of fertilization. In chemical change, comparing the control plot, the soil using organic fertilizer consistently for three years for cultivating rice showed an increase in pH and available phosphate in the experiment plots provided by the organic fertilizer, increase in spikelet number and 1000 grain weight in terms of yield components, and increase in yield in the three-year experiment plots. As for the quality of brown rice, the rate of head rice showed no difference when compared to that of the control plots. As for protein content, it was difficult to identify a statistical significance between the control plots and the experiment plots in 2009, but since 2010, the protein content of the experiment plots has been lower than that of the control plot, indicating that fertilization of organic fertilizer was effective in terms of rice quality. In conclusion, long-term use of organic fertilizer improved the chemical properties of soil and increased yield when compared to practical fertilization. Reasonable fertilization was identified to fertilize the nitrogen component of organic fertilizer to be a level of 12kg/10a.

벼에 대한 SCB 액비의 활용방법을 구명하기 위하여 기 추 비 시용량을 달리 처리한 후 쌀 수량 및 토양환경에 미치는 영향 등을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 논토양의 화학성은 규산을 제외한 액비시용구가 무시용구에 비하여 높았으나 시험 전 후 간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 액비시용 후 토양 중 NH4 -N함량은 2일 이내 균평작업으로 논 전체에 균일한 농도를 유지하였다. 액비분시에 따른 토양 중 NH4 -N와 NO3 -N함량은 이앙 후부터는 초기에는 화학비료 관행시비구와 액비 기비 100%처리에서 높았으나 분얼감수기 이후에는 모든 처리가 유사하였다. 토양침출수중 NO3 -N함량은 액비기비70%+수비30%시용에서 관행시비구보다 약간 낮은 함량을 보였다. 액비 분시에 따른 쌀 수량은 관행시비구보다 액비 기비 100%처리에서 약간 낮았으나 액비 기비70%+수비30%에서 관행시비구와 대등하였으며 나머지 액비 처리구에서도 큰 차이가 없었다. 쌀 품위는 무 시용구와 액비 기비100%에서 완전립율이 높고, 단백질함량이 낮았으나 액비기비70%+수비30%에서 관행시비구와 유사하였다. 따라서 SCB액비를 이용하여 벼 재배할 경우 액비기비70%와 수비30%시용으로 화학비료 사용을 대체 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

2003년에 이상적으로 많이 발생하여 벼에 심각한 피해를 가져온 혹명나방의 재배방법별, 엽록소 함량별 피해실태를 조사하여 피해에 따른 수량반응, 미질변화 등을 구명하고자 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 벼의 등숙비율, 천립중의 감소와 복백립 등 미숙립의 증가에 따른 완전미 비율이 감소되어 완전미 수량이 피해가 심한 곳에서 36% 감소되었다. 2. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 쌀의 외관상 품위가 떨어질 뿐만 아니라 단백질함량이 높아져 식미치는 감소되어 미질이 급격히 저하되었다. 3. 질소질 비료의 시용량이 증가할수록 혹명나방에 의한 피해는 증가하였으며, 특히 주남벼의 경우 질소량이 증가할수록 피해가 급증하였다. 4. 질소 시비량이 추천 시비량인 11 kg/10a를 초과시 피해엽율이 60% 이상으로 급증하였고, 60% 이상 피해를 입은 엽의 비율도 25%이상으로 늘어나 수량 감수 요인으로 작용하였다.

This study was conducted to determine optimum design parameters in nitrification and denitrfication of chemical fertilizer wastewater using pilot plant, Jet Loop Reactor. The chemical fertilizer wastewater which contains low amounts of organic carbon and has a high nitrogen concentration requires a post-denitrfication system. Organic nitrogen is hydrolyzed above 86%, and the concentration of organic nitrogen was influent wastewater 126㎎/L and of effluent wastewater 16.4㎎/L, respectively. The nitrification above 90% was acquired to TKN volumetric loading below 0.5 ㎏TKN/㎥‧d, TKN sludge loading below 0.1 ㎏TKN/㎏VSS‧d and SRT over 8days. The nitrification efficiency was 90% or more and the maximum specific nitrification rate was 184.8 ㎎TKN/L‧hr. The denitrification rate was above 95% and the concentration of NO3-N was below 20㎎/L. This case was required to 3 ㎏CH3OH/㎏NO3-N, and the effluent concentration of NO3--N was below 20㎎/L at NO3--N volumetric loading below 0.7 ㎏NO3--N/㎥‧d and NO3--N sludge loading below 0.12 ㎏NO3--N/㎏VSS‧d. At this case, the maximum sludge production was 0.83 ㎏TS/㎏T-Nre and the specific denitrfication rate was 5.5 ㎎NO3-N/ gVSS‧h.