This mixed-methods study investigated language anxiety among Korean military air traffic controllers (ATCOs) when communicating with native English-speaking pilots. The quantitative phase (N = 81) used hierarchical regression analysis examining relationships between individual characteristics and anxiety levels. The qualitative phase (N = 13) employed semi-structured interviews exploring controllers' experiences, anxiety triggers, and coping mechanisms. Results revealed that general communication anxiety (β = .69, p < .001) and English proficiency (β = -.28, p < .05) significantly predicted anxiety with American pilots, with psychological factors explaining 58.8% of variance. These findings suggest that language anxiety stems from broader communication apprehension rather than isolated linguistic difficulties. Qualitative analysis identified five themes: communication breakdown, technical factors, skills hierarchy, informal coping, and institutional gaps. Overall, the study indicates that language anxiety in military ATC contexts is complex, influenced by individual psychological traits, situational demands, and organizational factors. It contributes to a deeper understanding of professional language anxiety in safety-critical contexts and provides evidence-based recommendations for aviation English training reform.

This phenomenological and sociolinguistic study investigates current human perceptions of dialogue with generative artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on intellectual, emotional, and moral dimensions. Participants were female humanities and social sciences researchers in their thirties with extensive AI experience. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews based on real-time interaction with ChatGPT and analyzed using Moustakas’ (1994) framework. Results indicate that AI was construed as a strategic collaborator restructuring information into research insights and as a creative mediator integrating diverse resources to generate solutions in academic, professional, and interpersonal contexts. Trust in AI, however, remained conditional, reflecting recognition of its limited autonomy and restricted reliability in expert domains. Emotionally and morally, AI was consistently framed as a non-agentive, emotionally neutral entity. Its affective expressions were interpreted as imitations rather than authentic emotions, and interactions were evaluated through human-centered criteria of utility, risk, and safety. This study provides phenomenological insights into human–AI interaction, showing that humans primarily view AI as an instrumental tool bounded by efficiency and safety. Ultimately, it raises a fundamental question: what constitutes genuine interaction between humans and AI, establishing a basis for future ethical discourse and development.

This study examines how key components of science communication are embedded within science museum exemplary exhibits and identifies exhibit design strategies that enhance their educational and communicative impact. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks in experiential and socially mediated learning, the research explores how exhibit design can facilitate visitor engagement with science communication. To identify strategies that promote effective science communication, the researcher conducted field observations at five science museums in the United States and Germany. Exhibits were selected based on science and technology content and their alignment with at least three of six established components of science communication: concept, interest, enjoyment, nature of science (NOS), opinion, and awareness. Data were collected through photographic documentation and qualitative analysis of exhibit features and visitor interactions. Findings identified thirty exhibit design strategies that enrich science communication in museum, with the most effective being scientists’ work, models, nature of science, science-technology-society, and varied tools. Other strategies such as comparisons, inquiry, hands-on activities, history, questioning, metaphors, dioramas, and aesthetic elements also enhance concepts, interest, engagement, NOS, and opinion. This study contributes to the literature on science communication and museum education by offering a practical framework for exhibit design that promotes inclusive and impactful public engagement with science. Implications are offered for museum professionals, exhibit developers, and science educators seeking to align exhibit content with visitors’ diverse motivations, identities, and learning needs.

본 연구는 변혁적리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 관계를 중심으로, 비공식 커뮤니케이션과 자기효능감의 다중 매개효과 및 고용 형태의 조 절 효과를 실증적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2025년 2월 1일부 터 2월 28일까지 국내 직장인 약 400명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사와 조사원을 통해 총 348건의 응답 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구 결 과, 첫째, 변혁적리더십은 구성원의 조직몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 과정에서 비공식 커뮤니케이션과 자기효능감이 유의한 매개변수로 작용하였다. 둘째, 고용 형태에 따라 변혁적리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향력 차이로 조절 효과도 확인되었다. 본 연구는 조직이 구성원을 존중하고 성장하도록 지원할 때, 비공식 커뮤니케이션 과 자기효능감이 조직몰입을 증진하는 핵심 매개 요인으로 작용함을 알 수 있다. 이는 구성원 간 상호작용과 내재적 동기를 촉진하는 조직문화 가 인적자원관리 전략 수립에 있어 실질적인 기반이 될 수 있음을 시사 한다. 또한 고용 형태 변수를 고려했다는 점에서, 향후 연구와 조직 실무 모두에서 주목할 필요가 있다.