In this study, a full-scale test was conducted to analyze the behavior characteristics which are related to roadbed according to steel pipe press-in excavation during construction of underground railway crossing. the value of depth of soil cover that is the most sensitive element gets to increase gradually by 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0(H/D). Then we performed press-in excavation and measured the displacements of roadbed with LVDT. When the depth of soil cover level is 1.0(H/D), the maximum value of 5.2mm were seen at the point of 2mm for pipe press. Also, when depth of soil cover had increased, Uplift decreased more than 3 times in comparison with the one.

대중음악은 오늘날 탈장르, 크로스오버의 조류를 타면서 다채로운 시도를 통해 클래식음 악으로의 접근을 꾀하고 있다. 그러한 시도들을 발군의 면면들로 대표하는 스팅의 음악은 진 지하고 다각적이며 논리적 구성력을 갖추고 있고, 창작 및 편곡, 연주실제의 여러 범주를 포 괄한다. 그리하여 클래식음악과의 섞임에 있어 노골성과 교묘함, 정교함을 넘나들면서, 동시 에 대중음악 고유의 음악언어와 악기, 음향(기술)을 비롯해 자신의 작업방식, 작업의도, 창작 이상을 보존함으로써 본질적, 시대적 간극을 두고 있는 두 음악장르가 서로 녹아들고 어우러 지게 한다. 이로써 다른 한편으로는 클래식음악이 다소 폐쇄적인 자기 영역을 넘어 새로운 예술적 가치와 의미를 얻어낼 뿐 아니라, 시대를 초월해 현재에 생동하는 음악으로 거듭난 다. 대중음악에 뿌리를 둔 자신의 음악적 자아를 예술음악 작곡가들의 산물에 비춰보고 또 이것들과 어우러뜨림으로써 스팅은 현대의 음악문화사에 뚜렷한 족적을 남기고 있다.

Many viruses infect cucurbits. One of the well-known symptoms is mosaic disease. Those that cause mosaic are cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), squash mosaic virus (SqMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). WMV resistant GM squash was developed many years ago in the United States and it was on the market, but no further information was available by now pertinent to commercial aspect. Usually these viruses are not easily controlled by frequent applications of chemicals that target the insect as carriers of viruses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop commercial varieties possessing resistance against viral diseases. We have developed GM watermelon rootstocks called gongdae, using a coat protein gene of CGMMV as transgene. Those GM watermelon rootstocks showed highly resistant to CGMMV, and have been crossed to get the several BC and T generation. In order to obtain the virus resistant watermelon, watermelon lines were crossed to the selected GM watermelon rootstock. Here, we present the successful watermelon cultivars that show resistance to CGMMV. The resistance must have obtained by transferring the transgene from the GM watermelon rootstock to watermelon line.

In today’s complex, multicultural world, discourses and language vernaculars are more diverse than ever. Educational institutions often privilege the historically dominant vernacular (such as white middleclass English which is sometimes called “Standard English”). This language bias disadvantages students form working class and ethnically diverse communities. An examination of the debates on discourse and power in the US will have applicable suggestions for multicultural education in other parts of the world. Because of educational privileges granted to White European families, they still make up the majority of US students attending university. The privileging of “Standard English” assures that the transmission of knowledge and framing of educational goals favors those who share this discourse practice. Effective multicultural teachers deploy discourse that is an invented hybrid - neither formal professional English nor the primary community discourses of the students in their classes. It is a mixture that marks points of unity as well as steps towards induction to new discourses that reach across different generations and different local experiences within the complex web of Global Emergent Discourse. Multicultural teachers use a hybrid discourse to effectively engage students in a complex curriculum. The hybrid Global Emergent Discourse is also a validation of the perspective and values of both the teachers and the students and stands in contrast to and critique of the one way transmission of knowledge and framing of educational goals that is often the official practice of schooling in the United States. This paper is proposes that a broader, more inclusive, expansion of language diversity can allow students from all communities to not only have access to higher education but can reshape education to serve the needs and interests of all communities in respect to democratic principles and social justice.

In this study, the strategies to achieve more efficient management for the sea-crossing bridges were prepared considering their current maintenance status and special structural characteristics. Various ideas were suggested based on the professional experiences and several knowhow accumulated in the field of the bridge maintenance. Also, such ideas were systematically classified and defined with several sub-topics through the techniques used in the value engineering. In order to improve the management efficiency, the detailed plans considering the sub-topics were established

The observed distribution of a blending-corrected sample of Einstein ring crossing times, tE, for microlensing events toward the galactic bulge/bar are analyzed. An inspection of the distribution of crossing times suggests that it may be bimodal, indicating that two populations of lenses could be responsible for observed microlensing events. Given the possibility that microlensing in this direction can be due to the two most common classes of stars, main-sequence and white dwarf, we analyze and show via Monte Carlo simulations that the observed bimodality of tE can be derived from their accepted mass functions, and the density distributions of both stellar populations in the galactic disk and bulge/bar, with a transverse velocity distribution that is consistent with the density distribution. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) one sample tests shows that a white dwarf population of about 25% of all stars in the galaxy agrees well with the observed bimodality with a KS significance level greater than 97%. This is an expanded and updated version of a previous investigation (Wickramasinghe, Neusima, & Struble, in Mao 2008). A power-point version of the talk, with introductory figures, is found at: https://sites.google.com/site/rhkochconference/agenda-1/program.

연안 도서지역의 연결 도로망 확충, 물류시스템의 최적화를 위한 우회 도로의 직선화 등에 따른 해상교량의 건설이 활발하게 추진되고 있다. 사회 기반시설인 해상교량 건설의 필요성 및 타당성에 대해서는 사회적으로 충분한 공감대가 이루어지고 있느나, 해상교량의 위치 및 적정 규모에 대해서는 선박의 통항안전보다는 여전히 경제성의 원칙에 무게를 두고 건설되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 해상교량의 건설에 있어서 이해당사자간의 사회적인 마찰이 반복되어 왔던 근본적인 원인인 해상교량의 위치 및 적정 규모는 항로의 설계 기준, 국내 해상교량 설계 현황, 해양사고 조사, 해상이용자 설문조사 등의 분석을 통해 각 요소별 최소 기준을 검토하여 선박의 통항안전에 필요한 기준을 도출하였다. 해상교량의 적정 규모에 대한 설계 기준이 없는 군내 실정을 고려할 때 해상교통안전 측면에서 제시된 설계 기준은 향후 교량의 설계 시 초기단계에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The field of vehicle routing is currently growing rapidly because of many actual applications in truckload and less than truckload trucking, courier services, door to door services, and many other problems that generally hinder the optimization of transportation costs in a logistics network. The rapidly increasing number of customers in such a network has caused problems such as difficulty in cost optimization in terms of getting a global optimum solution in an acceptable time. Fast algorithms are needed to find sufficient solutions in a limited time that can be used for real time scheduling. In this paper, the nearest L-method (NLNM) is proposed to obtain a vehicle routing solution. String neighbors of different lengths were chosen, tested and compared. The applied de crossing procedure is meant to solve the routes by NLNM by giving a better solution and shorter computation time than that of NLNM with long string neighbors.

최근 세계 각지에서는 선박 통항 수역에 해상교량의 건설 운영, 건설 계획 중에 있어 이 해역을 통항하는 선박에게는 위험요소로 작용하여 해양사고를 유발하고 있다. 이 연구는 미국 및 유럽, 일본을 대상으로 해상교량과 관련한 해양사고 인자 분석을 통하여 해상교량 건설 및 기 설치된 해상교량의 안전한 선박통항을 위하여 필요한 환경 요소가 무엇이며 이 환경 요소가 어떻게 설정되어야 하는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 해상교량과 관련한 해양사고 관련 인자는 선박운항자의 실수 이외에 주경간폭, 통항하는 선박크기, 직선거리, 선박교통량 등이 관련하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 해양사고 분석을 통한 최소 해상교량 주경간폭은 300m 이상이며, 선박크기가 150m 이상의 선박이 통항하는 해역에서는 주경간폭이 500m 이상이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 해상교량 진입 직전 직선거리는 최소한 5L이상이 필요하며 8L(L:선박의 길이) 이상의 확보를 통하여 해양사고를 최소화하여야 할 것이다.

　‘eeun’an Asiatic hybrid lily was released in 2005 at National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon, Korea. The cross was made in 1994 between Liliium Asiatic ‘hite Bird’white colored, and Liliium Asiatic ‘ote d’zur’ pink colored variety. It was preliminarily selected as ‘96-5’in 1996. Multiplication and bulbing, and characteristic tests were conducted from 1997 to 2004. The evaluation of characteristics was investigated as ‘ongyo C1-21’ in 2004 at Suwon. ‘eeun’flowers in the end of June and grows 41.6 cm stem length. Flowers are upward-facing, unspotted in petals and yellow green (RHS, 18C). Year-round flowering can be by storing the bulb under -1.5℃ conditions. For forcing culture, it is necessary to add calcium to the fertilizer or remove side scales to prevent leaf scorch. It is needed to control Botrytis disease in wet season.

감천항은 부산항의 늘어나는 화물 수요에 대처하고 북항의 기능을 보완하기 위해 개발되었다. 일반부두뿐만 아니라 1997년에는 컨테이너 부두가 개장되어 현재 최대 50,000DWT급 컨테이너 선박이 입 출항 하고 있다. 그러나 감천항은 어선, 잡종선 등 소형선박들의 입 출항의 비중이 50%에 가깝고, 동부두 방면에 건설 중인 공영 수산도매시장이 2008년에 개장할 예정이다. 따라서 감천항의 항만관제 운영계획을 설정하기에 앞서 입 출항하는 선박의 장래 연간교통량을 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 감천항은 방파제 입구가 협소하며, 방파제 전방에서 선박이 통항할 때 교차상태가 상존한으로 해상충돌사고의 위험이 높아 이에 대한 교차상태위험 분석이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 감천항의 장래 교통량을 추정하고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 통항위험에 대한 정량적인 분석을 수행하였다.

We introduce a simplified crossing wood drain disperses rain water concentration and is used to protect the road surface from erosion due to flooding over the unpaved road. The efficiency of a simplified crossing wood drain was also investigated. A structure of simplified crossing wood drain can be produced within 10 minutes and installed within 18 minutes. The cost of the this product is 1/5 of that of the existing crossing drain product. The production and installation cost can be reduced according to dexterity. In the context of such applications, the degrees of damage for a rubber pad, which preventing the rain overflow, were varied according to their materials. A type of 8.2㎜ thick fabric rubber was the most suitable in this study.

부체의 장주기동요, 연안구조물과 계류선의 파괴 등과 같은 역기능으로 인해 파군현상의 정확한 해석은 시급한 과제라 하겠다. 본고에서는 연안계에서 발생하는 파랑과 가장 근접한 비선형불규칙 파랑계를 산정하여 해안구조물의 피로거동에 지대한 영향을 미치는 파군당 파랑의 수와 해안구조물의 first excursion failure mode를 결정하는 high run에서의 파랑수를 중심으로 파군현상을 해석하였다. 해석과정에 mapping technique과 유의파경

This study was conducted to test on the resistance of varieties bred by crossing with Asominori to bacterial leaf blight. Nakdongbyeo and Dongjinbyeo which were susceptible to HB 9011, 8 resistant varieties including Ilmibyeo derived from Asominori and Asominori, Hwangok, 13 varieties including Chukoku 45 which were resistance to HB 9011, HB 9022 and HB 9033 were used to screen their res ponce depending on the various screening methods such as the true resistance, the secondary infection resistance and the disease common field test methods, and the results are as follows: Among 13 varieties tested, 11 varieties including llmibyeo showed tme resistance to HB 9011. Less than 1.0cm of disease lesion were developed on these varieties. Disease lesion was not developed on most of the Asominori lines including Daechongbyeo against IIB9011 and 1lmibyeo was also resistance to HB 9011, on this variety disease lesion area rate was 1.2%, and 7 varieties including Hwajinbyeo showed field resistance to HB 9022. Disease lesion area rate were 19.6% on Nakdongbyeo. 15.6% on Dongjinbyeo, from 3.0% to 2.4% on Asominori lines, and 0.5% on the Asominori when screened at disease common area. Disease was not developed on Keumnambyeo. Significant correlation coefficiences were found between the results from the test methods of the true resistance, the field resistance ancl the field resistance at disease common field tests on Asominori lines, but in some cases, even the varieties on which disease lesions developed, showed field resistance to HB 9022 and HB 9033.